]uckvXykn²m-´ -§Ä14.139.185.6/website/SDE/sde186.pdf · ]uckvXykn²m-´ -§Ä B.A. MALAYALAM VI...

]uckvXykn²m-´-§Ä

B.A. MALAYALAM

VI SEMESTER

CORE COURSE

(2014 ADMISSION ONWARDS - CUCBCSS)

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTSCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

Calicut University, P.O. Malappuram, Kerala, India-673 635

553


B.A. MALAYALAM

VI SEMESTER

CORE COURSE




553


B.A. MALAYALAM

VI SEMESTER

CORE COURSE




553

School of Distance Education

]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

B.A. MALAYALAM

Study Material

CORE COURSE

]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

(2014 Admn. onwards – CUCBCSS)

VI SEMESTER

Prepared ByDr.Azeez TharuvanaAssistant ProfessorDepartment of MalayalamFarook College

Scrutinized byDr. K.M. NAZEERHead of the DepartmentDepartment of MalayalamFarook College

Layout:

Computer Cel l , SDE©

Reserved


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

MAL6B-13 ]uckvXykn²m-´-§ÄDt±iy e£y-§Ä

`mc-Xob kuµcy imkv{X ]²-Xn-I-fpsS kmam\y kz`mhw a\-Ên-em-¡p-I. kmln-Xym-kzm-Z-\s¯ iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w kmlnXy ]mT-§sf hni-I-e\w sN¿phm-\pÅ Ignhvkzmb- -am-¡p-I. ae-bmf kmlnXy \ncq-]-Ws¯ iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-XnÂ {ZmhnU, kwkvIrXkn²m- -§Ä hln¨ ]¦n-s\-¡p-dn¨v kmam\y [mcW krjvSn-¡pI.sam-UyqÄ þ 1

Ihn, Imhyw, klr-Z-b³ F¶o kwÚ-Isf `mc-Xob ImgvN- m-SnÂ a\-Ên-em-¡p-I.ckw, [z\n, coXn, KpWw, Ae-¦mcw F¶o k¦Â¸-\-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-amb ]T-\w.i_vZ-i-àn-IÄ þ A`n-[, e£-W, hyRvP\ (\nÀh-N-\hpw hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw am{Xw)hni-Z-]-T-\- n\v1. Imhy tlXp-¡Ä þ Nm¯-\m¯v ANyp-X-\p®n (Imhy-Nn´)2. `mjm- q-j-W-¯nse KpW-{]-IcWw, i_vZmÀ° {]I-c-Ww, [z\n {]I-cWw, ck-{]-I-cWw(\nÀh-N-\hpw hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw am{Xw)sam-UyqÄþ 2Imhy-{]-tbm-P-\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨ kwkvIr-Xm-Nm-cy-·m-cpsS hyXykvX A`n-{]m-b-§Ä þ `c-X³, a½S³, `ma-l³, ZWvUn, Ip´-I³ XpS-§n-b-h-cp-tS-Xv.hni-Z-]-T-\- n\v1. KpW-{]-I-cWw þ `mjm- q-jWw (KpW-§-fpsS \nÀÆ-N-\hpw hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw am{Xw aXn)2. C´y³ kmlnXy kn²m´w: {]k-ànbpw km[y-XbpwþA¿- -]-Wn-¡À(BZycv A[ym-b§Ä)sam-UyqÄþ 3hr¯w-- þ ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnÂ hr¯-¯n-\pÅ Øm\w þ hr¯hpw Xmf-hpw þ hr¯-a-RvP-cn-bnse {][m\ hr¯-§Ä hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v. hr -§-fp-sS Xmc-Xayw.hni-Z-]-T-\- n\v1. hr¯aRvP-cn-bnse ]cn- mjm {]I-c-Wwþ

kwkvIrX hr -§-fp-tSbpw `mjm-hr- -§-fp-sSbpw s]mXp-kz- m-hhpw khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw Adn-ªn-cn-¡-Ww. kwkvIrX hr¯-§Ä þ A\p-jvTp- v, C{µ-h-{P, ctYm-²-X, {ZpX hnfw-_n-Xw, hk- -Xn-e-Iw, amen-\n, a{µm-{Im-´m, imÀ±q-e-hn-{Io-Un-Xw, {kKv²mw, hntbm-Kn-\n,]pjv]n-Xm{K F¶nh hni-Z-]-T\w. `mjm-hr- -§-fnÂ Infn- m-«v, Xcw-Kn-Wn, inXm-{K, aRvP-cn,\tXm-¶X.sam-UyqÄþ 4Ae-¦mcw þ `mjm- q-j-W-¯nse Ae-¦m-c-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-amb [mcW thWw.hni-Z-]-T-\- n\v`mjm- q-j-W-¯nse Ae-¦mc hn`-P-\hpw hn`m-K-§fpw. Ae-¦m-c-¯nsâ {]k-àn.kmtaymàn hn`mKw þ D]-a, cq]-Iw, DÂt{]-£, {]Xn-h-kvXp-]-a-Zr-jvSm-´w,A{]-kvXpX {]iw-k, Zo]Iw.AXn-i-tbmàn hn`mKw þ cq]-Im-Xn-i-tbm-àn, hnti-tjmàn DtÃ-Jw, hntcm-[m- mkw.hmkvX-thmàn hn`mKwþ kz`m-thm-àn, kap- -bw, AÀ°m-h-¯n, Imhy-enw-Kw, AÀ°m- -c-\ymkw.tÇtimàn hn`mKw þ tÇjw, kam-tkmàn F¶o AÀ°m-e-¦m-c-§Ä. {]mkw, A\p-{]m-kw,tOIm-\p-{]m-kw, ZznXo-bm-£-c-{]m-kw, baIw F¶o i_vZm-e-¦m-c-§ÄCu Ae-¦m-c-§sfÃmw hniZ ]T-\-¯n\v.Ae-¦m-c-§-fpsS kmay-hy-Xymk§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡Ww. Ae-¦m-c-§-fpsS e£W ka-\zbw

km[y-am-¡-Ww.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

kl-{km-_vZ-§Ä¡p ap¼p Xs¶ CýbnÂ hnImkw {]m]n¨ imkv{X-im-J-bmWv

Imhy-imkv{Xw AYhm kuµ-cy-im-kv{Xw. hnim-emÀ°-¯nÂ, kuµ-cy-amWv Ae-¦mcw

F¶Xn-\mÂ kuµ-cy-im-kv{Xs¯ Ae-¦mc imkv{X-sa¶pw hnfn-¡m-dpv. Cý³ Imhy-ao-

amw-k-Isc km[m-c-W-bmbn Be-¦m-cn-I³amÀ F¶mWv hnfn-¡m-dp-Å-Xv.

Ihn-bpsS IÀ½-amWv Imhyw. i_vZmÀ°-bp-K-f-amWv Imhyw. Ihn, Imhyw XpS-§nb

{]tbm-K-§Ä hfsc hnim-e-amb AÀ°-¯n-emWv Cý³ Imhy-im-kv{X- nÂ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-

¶-Xv. "Imthy-jvT-\m-SIw cayw', "\mS-Im´w IhnXzw,' "KZy Iho\mw\nIjw hZń' apX-emb

{]tbm-K-§Ä AXmWv kqNn- n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]ucm-WnI Cý³ Imhy-im-kv{X-{K-Ù-§-fnÂ

Imhys¯ KZyw, ]Zyw, an{iw F¶pw Zriyw, {imhyw F¶pw aäpw hn`-Pn-¡p-t¼mgpw Cu

hym]-ImÀ°w Xs¶-bmWv hnh-£n-¡p-¶-Xv. asäm-cÀ°-¯nÂ ca-Wo-bmÀ°s¯ {]Xn-]m-Zn-

¡p¶ i_vZ-amWv Imhyw. AXv klr-Z-bs\ B\-µn- n-¡p¶ i_vZmÀ°-§-fpsS ka-RvPk

kt½-f-\-am-Wv.

\mS-Iw, N¼p, Imhyw, alm-Imhyw XpS-§nb kmlnXy imJ-IÄ Cý-bnÂ hnImkw

{]m]n- -tXmsS Ah-bpsS KpW-tZmj hnNn- -\hpw hÀ¤o-I-c-Whpw A\n-hm-cy-ambn¯oÀ¶p.

A¶s¯ Imhy-XÂ]-c-cmb ]WvUnX³amÀ CÆn-j-b-I-ambn Bg-amÀ¶ ]T-\-§Ä¡pw a\\-

¯n\pw X¿m-dm-hp-Ibpw Imem-Xn-hÀ¯n-bm-b, A\-izc {KÙ-§Ä cNn-¡p-I-bp-ap-m-bn.

kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-¯n-se-¶-t]mse Xan-gnepw aäp ]ucm-Wn-tI-ý³ `mj-I-fnepw C¯cw

]T-\, Kth-jW {KÙ-§Ä Dm-bn-«p-v.

]ucm-Wn-I- Cý³ `mj-I-fnÂ Gähpw IqSp-XÂ Imhym-e-¦m-c, kuµ-cy-im-kv{X-{K-Ù-

§Ä Dm-bn-«p-ÅXv kwkvIr-X- m-j-bn-em-Wv. AXn-\mÂ ]ucm-WnI Cý³ Imhy-im-kv{X-

s - än ]d-bp-t¼mÄ kwkvIrX {KÙ-§-fnepw sshbmI-c-W-·m-cnepw HXp§n t]mhm-dp-v;

]uckvXy Imhy-imkv{Xw F¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ Cý³ Imhy-im-kv{X- nÂ HXp§n t]mhp-

¶Xp t]mse. (Hmdn-bâv F¶v ]mÝm-XyÀ hyh-l-cn-¡m-dp-Å, Iog-s¡¶v ]d-bp¶ tZi-§-

fnÂ Cý am{X-aÃtÃm AS-§p-¶-Xv)

Ip-In-«nbXnÂ sh¨v Gähpw {]mNo\ Imhy kao£ `c-X-ap-\n-bpsS \mSy-im-kv{X-am-

Wv. asäm-cÀ°-¯nÂ Cý³ Imhy-imkv{X Nn´-I-fpsS B[mc ine-bmWv \mSy-imkv{Xw. \S-

\-I-esb kw_-Ôn-s -¶-t]mse Imhy imkv{Xs¯¸än-bpÅ {]mam-WnI {KÙ-ambn \mSy-

imkv{Xw C¶pw ]cnKWn¡s¸-Sp-¶p. "\mSy-imkv{X'¯nse "hmKm- n-\b' sa¶ ]Xn-t\-gm-a-²ym-

b- nÂ e£-W-§Ä, Ae-¦m-c-§Ä, tZmj-§Ä, KpW-§Ä, F¶n-hsb kw_-Ôn¨v sNbvXn-

«pÅ imkv{Xob \ncq-]Ww FSp¯p ]d-tb--Xm-Wv. "\mSy-imkv{X'¯nsâ Imew

{In.ap.500þmwamn-\-Sp-¯m-sW¶v at\m-tam-l³ tLmjv sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ

A`yq-ln- n-«p-v. `c-X-ap-\n¡p tij-ap-m-bn-«pÅ ]²-Xn-I-sfÃmw \mSy-im-kv{X-¯nÂ \ms¼-

Sp¯ Nn´-I-fpsS hymJym-\tam hn]p-eo-I-c-Wtam BsW¶v ]d-bm-dp-v.

Imhy-i-co-c-s - -änbpw Imhym-ßm-hn-s\-¡p-dn- p-ap-f-f \nc-h[n kn²m- -§Ä

]ucmWnI Cý-bnÂ Dm-bn-«p-v. Ah-bnÂ F«p kn²m-´-§Ä FSp¯p ]d-tb--Xm-Wv.

Ah Ae-¦m-cw, KpWw, coXn, [z\n, A\p-am-\w, ht{Im-àn, HuNn-Xyw, ckw F¶o t]cp-I-fn-

emWv Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.

`ma-l³, ZWvUn, hma-\³, B\-µ-hÀ²-\³, aln-a- -«³, t£ta-{µ³, A`n-\h Kp]vX-³,

PK-¶mY ]WvUnX³, t`mP³, a½S³ XpS§nb kmlnXy \ncq-]-IÀ Cu ZÀi\ imJ-Isf


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

k¼-¶-cm¡nbh-cnÂ {][m-\n-I-fm-Wv. `c-X-ap-\n¡p ap¼v ({In. ap. Bdmw \qämv) Imhy-aow-amw-

k-¡p-mb hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-§sf]än AdnbpI km[y-a-sÃ-¦nepw \mSy-imkv{X¯nsâ

t]mjI imJ-sb¶ Ah-Ø-bnÂ \n¶v amdn Ae-¦mc imkv{X-¯n\v hyànXzw t\Sp-hm-\p-X-

Ip¶ Nn´-IÄ A¡me- p-m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶-Xn\p Nne sXfn-hp-IÄ e`y-am-Wv. {In.ap. Ad-\q-

dn\p tijw cNn-¡-s¸« `ma-lsâ "Imhym-e-¦m-c-¯nÂ ta[m-hn, cma-iÀ½ F¶o ]qÀÆm-e-¦m-

cn-I-·msc ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶Xv ImWmw. {Inkp-Xp-hÀjw 6,7 \qäm-p-IÄ¡n-S-bnÂ Pohn¨ `ma-

lsâ Imhym-e-¦m-c-amWv Ip-In-«n-b-XnÂ Gähpw ]g-¡-apÅ H¶m-as¯ Imhyaoamwkm-{K-

Ùw. XpSÀ¶v, DZv`-Ssâ (8þmw iXIw ]qÀÆmÀ²w ) Imhym-e-¦mc kw{Klw cp{ZSsâ (H¼-Xmw-

i-XIw) Imhym-e-¦mcw ' F¶o IrXn-I-fnÂ hfÀ¶p h¶ Ae-¦mc kn²m´w ZWvUn-bpsS

(F«mw-i-XIw ]qÀÆmÀ²w) "Imhy-ZÀi'¯nÂ _oPm-hm]w sN¿-s¸-«Xpw hma-\sâ (F«mw-i-

XIw ]qÀÆmÀ²w) Imhym-e-¦mcw F¶o IrXn-I-fnÂ hfÀ¶p h¶ Ae-¦mc kn²m´w,ZWvUn-

bpsS (F«mw-i-XIw ]qÀÆmÀ²w) Imhym-ZÀi- nÂ _oPm-hm]w sN¿-s¸-«Xpw hma-\sâ

(F«mw- i-XIw ]qÀÆmÀ²w) Imhym-e-¦mc kq{X-hr-¯n-bnÂ {]XnjvT t\S-nb-Xp-amb coXn

kn²m- w, B\-µ-hÀ²-\sâ (9þmw ) "[ym\-temI'¯nÂ hyh-Øm-]n-X-amb [z\n kn²m´w

F¶o {][m\ kn²m- -§-fnÂ kmln-Xy-ao-amw-k-bpsS {Ian-I-amb hnImkw {]Xn- -en-¡p-¶p.

10-þmw iX-I- nsâ Bcw- -¯nÂ Pohn¨ cmP-ti-J-csâ "Imhy-aow-amwk' ]qÀÆ aX-§-fnÂ

]e-Xn-t\bpw kw{K-ln-¡p¶ Ihn in£m {KÙ-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ Hä-s¸«p \nÂ¡p¶p.

XpSÀ¶pÅ \qäm-p-I-fnÂ \nc-h[n sshbmI-c-W-·mÀ kwkvIrX kmlnXy temI- p-

m-bn. NneÀ auen-I-amb Bi-b-§Ä apt¶m«p sh¨-t¸mÄ aäp NneÀ ap³Ime {KmÙ-§-

fnÂ {it²-b-am-b-hbv¡v hymJym-\-§Ä Na-bv¡p¶XnÂ DÕpIcmbn. 12 apXÂ 17 hsc-bpÅ

Bdp Zi-I-§sf "A\p-hÀ¯\ Zi' sb¶p hyh-l-cn-¡m-dp-v. C¡m-e-b-f-hnepmb

]qÀÆIme Imhyimkv{Xme¦mc {KÙ§fpsS hymJym\§tfmfw asämcp

Ime¯papmbn«nÃ. C¡mebfhnÂ Imhy {]Im-i-¯n\p am{Xw 75 e[nIw hymJym-\-§-fp-

m-bn-«p-v.

"]ucm-Wn-I-Im-e¯v kwkvIr-X-¯n-ep-mb Imhy-im-kv{X-{K-Ù-§fpw kmln-Xyhpw

Cý-bnse H«p-an¡ `mjm kmln-Xy-s¯bpw Gdntbm Ipdtªm kzm[o-\n-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. ae-

bmf kmln-Xy-¯nepw CXnsâ A\p-c-W-\-§Ä Bcw` Ime¯p Xs¶ {]I-S-am-Wv. Fń-

t\sd B[p-\nI Zi-bnÂ cq]w sIm t\mhÂ kmln-Xys¯ t]mepw A¡m-es¯ Nne

\ncq-]-I-sc-¦nepw t\m¡n IXv ]ucm-WnI kwkvIrX `mj-bn-ep-mb \mS-I-§-fnse

\mbI k¦Â]s¯ ap³\nÀ¯n-bm-bn-cp¶p F¶Xv ck-I-c-amb Imcy-am-Wv.

F´p Xs¶-bm-bmepw ]mÝmXy temI¯v tkm{I-«okpw Acn-tÌm-«nepw ¹mtämbpw

aäpw Pohn-¨n-cp¶ Imet¯m AXn\p sXm«p apt¼m Bbn Cý-bnÂ Pohn¨ \nc-h[n Be-¦m-

cn-I-I-·mÀ ]mÝm-XyÀ apt¼m«p sh¨ Imhy k¦Â¸-s¯bpw ZÀi-\-s¯bpw shÃp¶ Xc-¯n-

epÅ, A\-iz-c-amb ImgvN¸mSpIÄ Ah-X-cn- n- -h-cm-Wv. Imem-Xn-hÀ¯n-bmb A¯cw ZÀi-\-

§Ä C¶pw tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-SmsX XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

tamUyqÄ þ 1

IhnHcp ]qhnsâ ZeNe\¯neqsS hk´mKa\w Xncn¨dnbp¶h\mWv Ihn. bmkvImNmcysâ

A`n{]mb¯nÂ, {Im´ZÀinbpw ta[mhn (AXn_p²nam³)bpamWv Ihn. A\´amb Cu

Imhy{]]©¯nÂ Ihn HcmÄ am{XamWv {kjvSmhv. AbmfpsS CÑbvs¡m¯v B {]]©w

]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿p¶p F¶v B\\µhÀ²\³ (A]mtcImhykwkv¡mtc/ Ihntch

{]Pm]Xn: bYmsskatcmNtX hnizwbtYZw ]cnhÀ¯tX)

‘Imhy’ F¶ [mXphnÂ \n¶mWv Ihn F¶ ]Zw DmbXv. hÀ®n¡pI F¶mWv Cu

[mXphnsâ AÀ°w. {_Òw, Aán, {]Ú, ]nXr¡Ä, F¶o AÀ°§fnepw Ihy[mXp

{]tbmKn¡s¸Smdpv. Ihn F¶ ]Zw enwKt`ZanÃmsX ]pcpj\pw kv{Xobv¡pw

D]tbmKn¡p¶pv. KZyþ]Zy hyXymkanÃmsX FgpXp¶hscÃmhcpw Ihn F¶p Xs¶

Adnbs¸«ncp¶p.

‘\m\rjnxIhn' F¶XmWv Ihnsb¡pdn¨pÅ k¦ev]w. EjnbÃm¯h³ IhnbÃ

F¶p kmcw. IhnIÄ EjnXpeyamWv. Fs´ms¡bmWv EjnbpsS KpW§Ä? PohnX¯nsâ

{]hml¯nÂ ap§napgpInbh\Ã Ejn. B {]hml¯nsâ IcbnÂ \n¶psImv

PohnXs¯ ho£n¡phm\pw, hnebncp¯phm\pw Ignbp¶h\mWv Ejn. IhnIfpw

CXpt]mse ssZ\wZn\ PohnX¯nsâ s]mÃm¸pIfnÂ apgpImsX AhbnÂ \n¶v Hcp

ZÀi\s¯ cq]s¸Sp¯m³ {]m]vXcmIWw.

A]qÀh hkvXp\nÀ½mW£aamb {]ÚbmWv Ihnbv¡v Bhiyw F¶v

A`n\hKp]vX³ ]dbp¶p. AXmbXv A\pIcWaÃ, krjvSnbmWv Ihn{]Xn`bpsS

{]tXyIX. PohnXs¯bpw, {]IrXnsbbpw AtX]Sn A\pIcn¡p¶h³ IhnbmIp¶nÃ.

i_vZhpw AÀ°hpw lrZyambpw Ahn`mPyambpw CW§nt¨cpt¼mÄ cq]w

sImÅp¶ kmlnXys¯ Imhys¯ imkv{X¯nÂ \n¶p thÀXncn¨p I `«XuX³

]dbp¶p; ‘hmKvtZhXbv¡v cp amÀ¤§fpv. imkv{Xhpw, Imhyhpw. AhbnemZyt¯Xv

(imkv{Xw) {]ÚbnÂ \n¶pw HSphnet¯Xv (Imhyw) {]Xn`bnÂ \n¶pw DdshSp¡p¶p.’"temI, imkv{X ImhymZv Ath£bWmZ'v F¶ KpWw Ihnbv¡pmIWw F¶v

a½S³ \nÀt±in¡p¶p. AXmbXv temIs¯ kq£vaambn \nco£n¡p¶p. IhnXsbgpXpw

aps¼ Imhyimkv{Xs¯¡pdn¨v Adnhv t\SWw. [mcmfw IhnXIÄ hmbn¨pw A]{KYn¨pw

]cnioe\w t\SWw.

Ihn BNmcy·msc kao]n¨v ImhycN\bnÂ D]tZiw kzoIcn¡Ww.

"ImhyÚin£' F¶v a½S³ \nÀt±in¡p¶ ImcyamWnXv. IhnIfpsS hwiw Hcp henb

irwJebmWv. kwkv¡mc¯nsâ XpSÀ¨ ]men¡m³ ap³s] \S¶ IhnIfpsS

kwkv¡mcs¯ ]n´pStcXv BhiyamWv.

A`ymkamWv Ihnbv¡p th asämcp Imcyw. Imhyimkv{X¯nÂ t\Snb Adnhpw,

ImhyÚ·mcpsS \nÀt±i§fpw kzoIcn¨v kz´w IrXnsb hopw hopw Xncp¯Ww.

FgpXnsbgpXn ]cnioen¡Ww. hma\³ `mal³, ZWvUn cmPtiJc³, cp{ZS³ F¶n§s\

an¡ Be¦mcnI·mcpw A`ymk¯nsâ Bhiys¯¸än Du¶n¸dbp¶pv. a½S³

Imhy{]Imi¯nÂ tNÀ¯ Hcp \nÀt±iw C§s\bmWv.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

""iànÀ \n]pWXm temIimkv{XImhymZyth£WmXv

ImhyÚ in£bm`ymkx CXn tlXp kapZv `th''

{_Òmhns\t¸mse Ihnbpw krjvSnIÀ¯mhmWv. Xm³ krjvSn¨ ImhyaWvUe¯nÂ

Ihnbv¡p F´p amähpw hcp¯m³ A[nImcapv. `mh\ sImv krjvSn¡p¶XmWv

Imhy{]]©w. km[mcW PohnX¯nsâ ]cn[nIÄ¡¸pdw hnNn{Xamb temI§Ä

Ihn`mh\bnÂ \n¶v DSseSp¡mw. ‘A]mtc Imhykwkmtc Ihntch {]Pm]Xn’ F¶v

Ihnbv¡v {]Pm]XnbpsS AYhm {_Òmhnsâ Øm\w Xs¶ \ÂIn BZcn¡p¶XmWv

`mcXob kao]\w.

IhnIÄ¡v imkv{XIhn, ImhyIhn, D`bIhn F¶n§s\ aq¶v t`Z§fps¶v

cmPtiJc³ ImhyaoamwkbnÂ hniZam¡p¶p. CXnÂ imkv{XIhn aq¶v hn[¯nepv.

imkv{X\nÀ½mWw sN¿p¶h³, imkv{X¯nÂ Imhys¯ k¶nthin¸n¡p¶h³,

Imhy¯nÂ imkvXmÀ°s¯ \n_Ôn¡p¶h³ F¶n§s\.

ImhyIhnsb F«p hn[¯nÂ ]dbp¶pv. cN\mIhn, i_vZ Ihn, AÀ°Ihn,

Ae¦mc Ihn, DànIhn, amÀKIhn, imkvXmÀ°Ihn F¶n§s\.

ImhycN\ sImv Ihnbv¡v e`n¡p¶sX´mWv? Ihnbv¡v biÊpw, [\hpw

e`n¡p¶p. klrZbt\m? `mcXobmNmcy³amÀ Imhy¯nsâ [À½s¯¡pdn¨v cp

Xc¯nÂ ]dbp¶pv. IhnX BËmZapfhm¡p¶p F¶pw kwkv¡mcs¯ t]mjn¸n¡p¶p

F¶pw ]dbp¶hcp.v ]caamb \nÀhrXn \ÂIp¶p F¶mWv a½Ssâ A`n{]mbw.

AawKfs¯ \in¸n¡p¶XpamWv IhnX. IhnX D]tZiw \ÂIp¶p F¶pw `cXap\n

]dbp¶p. [À½mÀ°Imatam£§Ä \ÂIp¶p F¶mWv `malsâ A`n{]mbw.

]pcpjmÀ°kn²n \ÂIp¶p F¶v hniz\mY³ ]dbp¶p. Npcp¡¯nÂ, Ihn Imhy¯neqsS

hmb\¡mc\v BËmZhpw, Adnhpw \ÂIp¶p F¶mWv `mcXobme¦mc·mÀ A`n{]mbs¸«Xv.

""Imhyw bitkÀYIrtX

hyhlmchntZ, inthXc£Xtb

kZyx ]c \nÀhrXtb

Im´m k½nXtbm]tZibptP''

F¶v C¸dª Imcy§sfÃmw Imhy{]Imi¯nÂ a½S³ DÄs¡mÅn¨ncn¡p¶p.

]ucmWnI C´ybnÂ IhnbpsS Øm\w F{X D¶Xambncp¶p F¶v Ncn{Xw

]cntim[n¨mÂ Adnbmw. cXv\mIc³ F¶ Im«mf³ F{Xtbm Imew hmÂaoI¯nÂ

X]Êncp¶mWv hmÂaoInbmIp¶Xv. P\IalmcmPmhnsâ kplr¯mb hmÂaoIn

]nÂ¡me¯v D]tZin¡bpw sXäpIÄ Nqn¡mWn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶pv. cmambWw cNn¨v

eh, Ipi·msc ]Tn¸n¨v At±lw {]ikvXn t\Sn. alm`mcX¯nse hymk³

Iuch·mcpsSbpw, ]mWvUh·mcpsSbpw ]nXrØm\ob\mWv. B]ÂL«§fnÂ

{]Xy£s¸«v th D]tZihpw, klmbhpw \ÂIp¶Xv hymk\mWv. ImfnZmks\

hn{IamZnXy³ kz´w kZÊnse \hcXv\§fnÂ Hcmfmbn ]cnKWn¨v BZcn¨p. ImfnZmksâ

JymXn `mcX¯nÂ apgps¡ hym]n¨p.

Xp©s¯gp¯Ñ\v tIcfw HcmNmcysâ ]Zhn Xs¶ \ÂIn _lpam\n¨p.

tNdptÈcnbpw Ip©³\¼ymcpw D®mbnhmcnbcpw cmPkZÊpIfnÂ _lpam\ycmbn hnekn.

Xp©s¯gp¯Ñsâ A[ymßcmambW¯n\v tIcfob `h\§fnÂ ]qP\obØm\w e`n¨p.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

thZw,D]\nj¯p¡Ä, `KhXvKoX ChbpsSsbms¡ kmcmwiw a\Ênem¡p¶Xv

Fgp¯Ñsâ IrXnIfneqsSbmWv. C¶pw \½psS kwkv¡mcw IhnIsfbpw

Fgp¯pImscbpw BZcn¡p¶XmWv.

ImhywImhyw F¶mÂ IhnbpsS IÀ½w F¶À°w. bmkvImNmcy³ Ihni_vZs¯

{Im´ZÀin (IS¶pImWp¶h³) F¶pw ta[mhn (AXn_p²nam³) F¶pw hymJym\n¨n«pv.

At¸mÄ {Im´ZÀinbpw ta[mhnbpambhsâ IÀ½amWv Imhyw. IhnbpsS Cu IÀ½w

kÀ¤mßIamWv. krjvSnbmWv. ]pXnb H¶nsâ \nÀ½mWamWv; `mjm cq]¯nepÅ krjvSn.

‘i_vZmÀ°u klnXu Imhyw’ F¶v PK¶mY]WvUnXcpw \nÀÆNn¡p¶p. ‘Imhyw F¶Xv

kmlnXy cq]§Äs¡ÃmapÅ s]mXp\maamWv. kmlnXy¯n\v ‘klnXkz`mhw’ DmIWw.

i_vZ¯nsâbpw, AÀ°¯nsâbpw ka\zbamWv Dt±in¡p¶Xv.

Imhy¯nsâ i_vZ¯n\pw AÀ°¯n\pw Imhy¯nÂ NmÀ¯p¶ Ae¦mc§Ä¡pw

]nÂ¡me¯v {]m[m\yw hÀ²n¨p. At¸mgmWv B\µhÀ²\³ ‘Imhykymßm [z\n’ F¶

hmZw apt¶m«p sh¨Xv. i_vZw AXnsâ km[mcW [À½s¯bpw, AÀ°w AXnsâ

kmam\yamb kz`mhs¯bpw adnIS¶v A]qÀÆamb Hc\p`hw Dfhm¡pw. AXmWv [z\n

F¶pw, Imhy¯nsâ BßmhmWv [z\n F¶pw B\µhÀ²\³ [ym\temI¯nÂ

hyàam¡n. Cu ‘BßmhnÂ’ sNs¶¯pt¼mgmWv ImhymkzmZ\w ]qÀ®amIp¶Xv.

klrZb\v BËmZw DfhmIp¶p. Cu BËmZw ‘{_Òm\µ ktlmZcw’ BsW¶v

`mcXobme¦mcnI·mÀ hnizkn¨p.

Imhy¯nsâ apJy{]tbmP\w BkzmZ\¯nÂ \n¶papmIp¶ B\µamWv F¶v

`qcn]£w BNmcy·mcpw hnizkn¡p¶p. [À½w, AÀ°w, Imaw, tam£w F¶o

]pcpjmÀ°§fpsS {]m]vXn IebneqsS e`n¡pw. D]tZiw t\cn«p \nÀÆln¡m³ kmlnXyw

apXnccpXv. a½S³ ‘Im´m k½ntXm]tZibptP’ F¶v C¡mcyw hyàam¡p¶p.

kvt\lhXnbmb `mcy `À¯mhns\ ckn¸n¨v hi¯m¡n \Ã Imcy§Ä sN¿phm³

{]m]vX\m¡p¶Xpt]mse kmlnXyw klrZbs\ kwkv¡mck¼¶\m¡Ww.

BkzmZ\¯nsâ Xe¯nÂ kmlnXyw Bßmhnsâ aWvUe§Ä hnIkn¸n¡p¶p.

kmwkv¡mcnIamb D¶a\w, PnhnXs¯¡pdn¨v hnimeamb Hc`nho£Ww kmlnXyw

{]Zm\w sN¿p¶p. ‘Ie Iebv¡pthn’ F¶Ã, Ie PohnX¯n\pthn F¶

A`n{]mbamWv BNmcy·mÀ apt¶m«pshbv¡p¶Xv. B[p\nI Imes¯ ]ptcmKa\ kmlnXy

{]Øm\§fpw CtX ho£W KXnbmWv asämcÀ°¯nÂ apt¶m«p sh¡p¶Xv.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

klrZb³Ihn¡v kam\amb lrZbapÅh\mWv klrZb³. kam\amb lrZbapÅh³ F¶mWv

klrZb³ F¶ hm¡n\À°w. cmPtiJc³ `mhI³ F¶v klrZbs\ hnfn¡p¶p. Ihn

krjvSn¡p¶p; klrZb³ ]p\xkrjvSn¡p¶p.

Ihnsb krjvSn \S-¯m³ {]m]vX-\m-¡p¶ Ign-hp-IÄ GXmv AtX tXmXnepw Xc-

¯nepw klr-Z-b\pw Bh-iy-am-Wv. Hcp ]t£, klr-Z-b\pw Ihn-bm-bn-cn-¡mw. Ihn Bbmepw

CsÃ-¦nepw {]Xn- , hypXv]-¯n, A`ymkw F¶nh klr-Z-b\pw IqSntb Xocq. cmP-ti-J-c³

klr-Zb {]Xn- sb kl-P, DXv]mZy F¶p cmbn Xcw Xncn-¡p-¶p.

B\-µ-hÀ²-\sâ A`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ, ck-Ú-X-bmWv klr-Z-b-Xz-¯nsâ auenI kz`m-

hw. Hcp Ihn-bpsS cN-\-bnte¡v Bn-d§n AXnsâ kmcmwiw DÄs¡m-Åm-\pÅ Ign-hm-Wn-

Xv. _p²n-ss\À½eyhpw hÀW-\ob X·bo `mh-tbm-Ky-X-bp-amWv klr-Z-b-[À½-§-fnÂ {][m-

\-ambn A`n-\-h-Kp-]vX³ Icp-Xp-¶-Xv. "hnae {]Xn- m-\-imen lrZ-b³' F¶v A`n-\h `mc-Xn-

bnÂ klr-Z-bs\ \nÀh-Nn-¡p-¶p. Imhym-\p-ioe-\w, A`ymkw F¶nh hgn lrZ-b-ZÀ¸Ww

sXfnªv hÀW-\o-b-hp-ambn X·-bo- mhw {]m]n-¡p-hm³ Ign-hp-Å-hcpw kzlr-Z-b-t¯mSp

Xs¶ kwh-Zn-¡p-¶-h-cp-amWv klr-Z-b³ F¶v [zm\ym-tem-I-tem-N-\-¯nÂ sImSp-¯n-«pÅ

\nÀh-N\w hfsc {]kn-²-am-Wv.

cmP-ti-J-c³ Ihn-bpsS {]Xn- sb Imc-bn{Xn F¶pw klr-Z-bsâ {]Xn- sb `mh-b{Xn

F¶pw hn`-Pn-¡p-¶p. Ihn-bpsS {]b-Xv\hpw A`n-{]m-bhpw Adn-bm³ `mhbn-{X-bmb {]Xn-

`bv¡v am{Xta Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq. klr-Zb lrZ-b-¯n-emWv IhnX Pohn¡p-¶-Xv. klr-Z-b³

Ds-¦nte Ihn¡p \ne-\nÂ]p-Åq. Ihn IhnX Na-bv¡p¶p; AXv D¯-a³amÀ sImm-Sp-

¶p. ac-¯nÂ ]q¡Ä Dm-Ip¶p Imäv AXnsâ kuc`yw ]c-¯p¶p F¶v Hcp kwkvIrX

Ihn.

cmP-ti-J-c³ klr-Z-bsc (1) Atcm-N-In-IÄ (2) kXr-Wm- y-h-lm-cn-IÄ (3) aÕ-cn-IÄ

(4) X¯zm- n-\n-th-in-IÄ F¶n-§s\ \mem-bn Xcw-Xn-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. Atcm-N-InIÄ hnth-I-Im-

en-I-fm-Wv. AS-tbm-Sp-IqSn Cebpw Xn¶p¶ Xc-¡m-cmWv kXr-Wm- y-h-lm-cn-IÄ. AhÀ¡v

hnthIansÃ¶À°w. KpW§Ä Imepw In-sÃ¶pw \Sn-¡p-¶-h-cmWv aÕ-cn-IÄ. \mem-

as¯ hn`m-K-amb X¯zm- n-\nthin Bbn-c-¯nÂ Ht¶m atäm ImWp-I-bp-Åq. AhÀ¡v Imhy-

aÀaw icn-¡-dn-bmw. ckm-arXw \¶mbn \¡n-\p-W-bv¡p-¶-hcm-W-hÀ. \Ã-h®w hnth-Nn¨v

KpWw Adn-bp-¶p.

klr-Z-b³, Imhy¯nsâ \· am{X-a-Ã, t]mcm-bva-Ifpw Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡m³ Ign-hp-Å-

h-\m-I-Ww. \Ã Ihn-IÄ tZmjw Nqn¡m-«n-bXp sImv Abmsf \nµn-¡p-I-bn-Ã. Imfn-Zm-

k³ klr-Z-b-tcmSv At§-bäw _lp-am\w ImWn¨ Ihn-bm-Wv. kÖ-\-§Ä (klr-Z-b-·mÀ)

A`n-\-µn- mÂ am{Xta Hcm-fpsS Ign-hn\v Nmcn-XmÀ°yw hcp-¶pÅq F¶v imIp- -f-¯nÂ

kq{X-[m-cs\ sImv At±lw ]d-bn-¡p-¶p. Aán-]-co-£bv¡v hnt[-b-am-Ip-t¼m-gmWv

s]m¶nsâ amä-dn-bp-¶-Xv. Ihn-X-bpsS amäp-c¨v \ÃXpw XobXpw thÀXn-cn-¡m³ klrZb lrZ-

b-amWv ]än-bXv F¶v "cLp-hw-i'- nÂ \nco-£n-¡p-¶p.

"A`n-\h `mc-Xn'-bnÂ klr-Z-b\p \ÂIp¶ \nÀh-N\w F¡m-e¯pw {]k-à-amWv:

""Imhy-§-fpsS \nc- -c-amb hmb\ sImpw Fgp-¯p sImpw hnim-ehpw \nÀ½-e-hp-am-bn-


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

¯o-cp¶ a\-Êm-Ip¶ I®m-Sn-bnÂ hÀWn-¡-s¸-Sp¶sX´pw X·-bo-`-hn-¡m³ tbmKy-X-bpÅ

kz´w lrZ-b-t¯mSp kwh-Zn-¡m³ Ign-hpÅ Bfp-I-sf-bmWv klr-Z-b³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv.''

1. ckkn²m´wkwkvIrX¯nse kmlnXyZÀi\§fnÂ kÀÆ{][m\amWv ckkn²m´w.

thtZm]\nj¯p¡fpsS Imew apXÂt¡ ckw F´msW¶pw, AXn\v IebnepÅ Øm\w

F´msW¶pw \nÀ®bn¡m\pÅ {iaw Dmbncp¶p. `cXap\nbpsS \mSyimkv{X¯nÂ 6,7

A[ymb§fnemWv ck`mh\ncq]Ww BZyambn ImWp¶Xv.

Hmtcm hyànbnepw Ømbnbmb Nne `mh§fpv. Chsb kv]Àin¨v DWÀ¯m³

Ie {ian¡p¶p. Ømbo`mhw ckambn A\p`hs¸Sp¶p. Ømbo`mh§Ä Ah DWÀ¯p¶

ck§Ä F¶nh Xmsg ImWp¶ ]«nIbnÂ t\m¡n a\Ênem¡pI.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Ømbo`mh§Ä -cXn timIw DÕmlw t{Im[w lmkw `bw PpKp]vk hnkvabw

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ck§Ä - irwKmcw IcpWw hocw cu{Zw lmkyw `bm\Iw _o`Õw AÛpXw

(F«v Ømbo`mh§Ä, Ah DWÀ¯p¶ 8 ck§Ä)

Ømbo`mh§Ä FÃmhcnepapv. F¦nepw Ømbo`mhamb cXnbnÂ

Xmev]cyanÃm¯ Hcp hyàn Ds¶ncn¡s«, Iebnse irwKmc ck¯nÂ B hyànbv¡v

XmÂ]cyapmhnÃ. irwKmc¯nÂ ckw A\p`hn¡m\mhnÃ. lmkw F¶ Ømbo`mhw

Dffht\ lmkyckw A\p`hn¡m\mIq. Ip«n¡me¯v `bw F¶ Ømbo`mhw

iàambXpsImv `bm\IckapÅhm¡p¶ IYIfpw, kn\naIfpw ckIcambncp¶Xv

HmÀ½n¡pI. `bw F¶ Ømbo`mh¯nsâ iàn Ipdªt¸mÄ Ah ckIcaÃmXmbn.

\hck§Ä F¶p ]dbp¶tÃm. \nÀtÆZw F¶ Hcp Ømbo`mhw IqSn Dv.

im´w BWv H¼Xmas¯ ckw. `cXap\n \mSyimkv{Xw F¶ ZriyIesb¡pdn¨mWtÃm

D]]mZn¨Xv. im´w F¶ ckw A`n\bn¡m³ Ffp¸aÃm¯XpsImv `cXap\n 8

ck§sf¡pdnt¨ ]dbp¶pÅq.

Imhy¯nÂ ck¯n\pÅ {]m[m\ys¯¸än cp{ZS³ ]dbp¶Xv C§s\bmWv.

NXpc\mb Ihn kzImhy¯nenW¡p¶ ck§Ä cknI·msc can¸n¡pw. ckhnjb¯nÂ

Úm\anÃm¯ Ihnbv¡v \Ã Imhyw cNnbv¡m\mhnÃ. hm¡n\pw AÀ°¯n\pw AXoXamb

[z\nbmWv ckapfhm¡p¶Xv F¶v B\µhÀ²\³ ]dbp¶p. Imhy¯nsâ Bßmhv

ck[z\nbmWv F¶v A`n\hKp]vX³ hyàam¡p¶p.

‘hn`mh\p`mh hy`nNmco kwtbmKmXv ck\njv¸¯n’ F¶XmWv `cXsâ ckkq{Xw.

DZmlcW§fneqsS hyàam¡mw. imIp´fw \mSIw Xs¶ FSp¡mw.

hn`mhwþ hntitjW `hn¡p¶Xv F¶v AÀ°w

hn`mh§Ä cp Xcw

Bew_\w D±o]\w

↓ ↓IYm]m{X§Ä ]Ým¯ew

(Zpjy´³, iIp´f) (amen\n \ZoXocw, \nemhv)

A\p`mhw þ XpSÀ¶v DmIp¶Xv F¶À°w


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

BwKnIw kmXznIw

↓ ↓AwKNe\§Ä, tcmam©w, kzcanSdÂ

icoc`mj sshhÀ®yw, A{ip, eÖ, `mh{]IS\w

hy`nNmcn `mh§Äþ klImcnIÄ, N©e`mh§Ä (F®w 33)

{][m\ `mh¯n\v hn]coXw , ]s£ t]mjn¸n¡p¶Xv.

Zpjy´sâ kwibw

ZpÀÆmkmhnsâ im]w

amVhysâ hnÍn¯§Ä

IYm]m{X§fpsS ZpJw

hn`mhw, A\p`mhw, hy`nNmcn F¶o LSI§fpsS kwtbmKw AYhm DNnXamb tNÀ¨bnÂ

\n¶v ckw DXv¸mZn¸n¡s¸Sp¶p. imIp´f¯nÂ irwKmcw F¶ ckamWv {][m\w.

iIp´f, Zpjy´³, amVhy³, IWz³ 1F¶o IYm]m{X§fmIp¶ hn`mh§Ä,

D±o]\ hn`mh§fmbn amen\o \ZoXocw , \nemhv, Xmac¸q¡Ä, am³InSmhv F¶n§s\

irwKmc¯n\v ]änb ]Ým¯ew. A\pcmKnIfmb \mbnIm\mbI·mcpsS KXn

XSÊs¸Sp¯nsImv hnclw, im]w, HmÀ½t¡Sv, iIp´fbpw Zpjy´\pw A\p`hnbv¡p¶

k¦Sw F¶nh IS¶phcp¶p. amVhysâ XamiIfpw, IWzsâ D]tZi§fpw CSbv¡pv.

ChsbÃmw hy`nNmco`mh§fmWv. Chbps¦nte apJyamb irwKmcw F¶ ck¯n\v

t]mjWw kn²nbv¡q. Ahkm\w irwKmcs¯ DZm¯amb Xe¯ntebv¡pbÀ¯n

imIp´fw Zpjy´s\bpw iIp´ftbbpw H¶n¸n¡p¶p.

ckkn²m´¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nÂ B[p\nI \mSI§sfbpw, kn\nasbbpsams¡

hnebncp¯n t\m¡q. \qämpIÄ¡p ap¼v `cXap\n ]dª ckkn²m´w C¶pw

{]kàamWv F¶v ImWmw.

irwKmc¯n\v ]pdsa, lmkyw, IcpWw, hocw F¶o ck§Ä IqSn C{]Imcw ]cntim[n¡mw.

1. lmkyw

Ømbo`mhw þ lmkw

hn`mhw þ hnZqjI³, tImamfn

D±o]\ hn`mhw þ BwKytNjvSIÄ, tKmjvSnIÄ

kmXznIw þ

2. IcpWw

Ømbo`mhw þ timIw

hn`mhw þ ZpxJ IYm]m{Xw

kmXznIw þ s\SphoÀ¸v, Nn´, A{ip

3. hocw

Ømbo`mhw þ DÕmlw

hn`mhw þ hoc]pcpj³, [oc\mbnI

D±o]\ hn`mhwþ FXncmfn, i{Xp

kmXznIw þ t]mÀhnfn, iàn{]IS\w, hnPbelcn


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

II [z\nkn²m´wIhnXbnÂ i_vZ¯n\pw AÀ°¯n\pw {]m[m\yw \ÂIn Be¦mcnI·mÀ hmZw

XpSÀ¶psImncns¡ B\µhÀ²\³ ‘[z\ymtemIw’ F¶ IrXnbnÂ ]pXnsbmcp hmZw

apt¶m«psh¨p.

AÀ°w AXnsâ i_vZs¯bpw

i_vZw AXnsâ km[mcW AÀ°s¯bpw

kzbw A{][m\oIcn¨v ImhymßIamb Hcp AÀ°s¯ [z\n¸n¡p¶p

Cu [z\nbnemWv Imhy¯nsâ ckw

[z\n Imhy¯nsâ BßmhmWv

‘Imhykymßm [z\n’B\µÀ²\³ thtZm]\nj¯p¡fnse Bßob hmZs¯bmWv IhnXbnepw sImp

h¶Xv.

DZmlcWambn. ]n. Ipªncma³ \mbcpsS {]kn²amb hcnIÄ Xs¶sbSp¡mw.

HmWs¯¡pdn¨p hÀ®n¡pt¼mÄ At±lw FgpXnb hcnIfmWnh.

‘A³]nÂ, Ddp¼pIÄ¡mIam\w

Xp¼IÄ tNmdp hnf¼n \n¶p’i_vZ§Ä þ A³]v, Ddp¼v, Xp¼IÄ, hnf¼n

i_vZ`wKnbpv, ]s£ Cu i_vZ§sfm¶pw Xs¶ km[mcW AÀ°w

ImWn¡p¶nÃ. AÀ°w þ Ddp¼pIÄ¡p kvt\lt¯msS Xp¼¸q¡Ä tNmdp hnf¼n

F¶mWv hmNymÀ°w. ]s£ Xp¼¸q¡Ä ]q¯p F¶mWv kqN\. [z\n þ Ddp¼pIÄ¡p

t]mepw A³t]msS tNmdp hnf¼p¶ {]IrXntZhnbpsS ImcpWyamWv [z\n. Cu [z\n

klrZb\v BËmZw Dfhm¡p¶p.

hnImc§fpw A\p`qXnIfpw k¦oÀ®amb Bib§fpw Ihn {]Xn`bnÂ

DWcpt¼mÄ Ihn AÀ°kqNIamb hm¡pIfnÂ Ahsb BhnjvIcn¡m³ {ian¡p¶p.

hymJym\n¡m\mhm¯ GtXm cmk]cnWmaw kw`hn¨v i_vZ§fpw, AÀ°hpw

km[mcWs¯ adnIS¶v [z\n F¶ Xe¯nte¡v Dbcp¶p.

‘Imesa³ incÊn¦eWnbn¡bmbv apÃame

^me¯n¦Ât¨À¯p Ignªp hc¡pdn

hcWw hc³ am{Xw’Pn. i¦c¡pdp¸nsâ ‘Fsâ thfn’ F¶ IhnXbnÂ CXpt]mse i_vZ¯n\pw,

AÀ°¯n\pa¸pdw [z\nbpsS ckw {]Imin¡p¶p.

‘Ah[n¡mew Ip«nItf, h

¶WbpInsemcp sNdpIY ]dbmw’Cu hcnIfnÂ i_vZ¯n\pw, AÀ°¯n\pw km[mcW kz`mhw am{XtabpÅq F¶pw

IdnbpI.

[z\nsb¡pdn¨v a\Ênem¡m³ BZyw i_vZhym]mc§sf¡pdn¨v AdnbWw.

1. A`n[ þ i_vZ¯nsâ apJyamb AÀ°w

BZyw tXm¶p¶ AÀ°w


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

2. e£W þ hmNymÀ°¯n\v XSÊw t\cnSpt¼mÄ _Ôs¸« AÀ°w

{]Imin¸n¡p¶

i_vZhym]mcw

kacw ]pÃmWv

a\Êv IÃmWv

kzÀ®w hnfbp¶ a®mWv

Ah³ Hcp IgpXbmWv

3. hyRvP\ þ {]kn²amb AÀ°w AYhm A`n[ e£Ww sImp kzoIcnt¡

AÀ°w e£WþCh cns\bpw adnIS¡p¶ Imhyhym]mcamWv hyRvP\.

hmNy¯nsâbpw hywKy¯nsâbpw A\p]mXa\pkcn¨v Imhy§sf D¯aw, a[yaw,

A[aw F¶v Iev]n¡p¶p.

1. D¯aw þ [z\n {][m\w, hmNyw Ipdhv, hywKyamWv ap¶nÂ \nÂ¡p¶Xv.

2. a[yaw þ hywKyw {][m\w Xs¶. ]s£ hmNy `wKnbpapv. C¯cw Imhy§Ä¡v

KpWo`qXhywKyImhy§Ä F¶p ]dbp¶p.

3. A[aw þ hmNyw am{Xw, hywKyw CÃ, hÀ®\m {][m\ambn Imhy§fpw,

Nn{XImhy§fpw Cu KW¯nÂ s]Spw.

hywKyw aq¶phnXw

1. hkvXp þ A\ewIrXamb Bibw

2. Ae¦mcw þ D]a, DÂt{]j, F¶n§s\

3. ck `mh§Ä þ i_vZw sImpw, AÀ°w sImpw Ahbv¡XoXamb ckhpw `mhhpw

krjvSn¡p¶ Xc¯nepÅ hywKyhym]mcw.

III coXn kn²m´w, KpWkn²m´wImhyssienb\pkcn¨v IhnXIsf Xcw Xncn¡matÃm. BZyL«¯nÂ IhnIfpsS

tZi¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nÂ ImhycoXnIÄ¡v t]cn«p hnfnbv¡p¶ k{¼Zmbw

Dmbncp¶ncn¡mw. `cXap\n \mSyimkv{X¯nÂ \mep coXnIsf¡pdn¨p ]dbp¶p. `mcXn,

ssIinIn, kmXzhXn, Bc`Sn.

`mal³ IhnX ]nd¶ tZi¯n\\pkcn¨Ã, KpW¯n\\pkcn¨mWv coXnIÄ

\nÀ®bnt¡Xv F¶v hmZn¨p. am[pcyw, HmPÊv, {]kmZw F¶v ImhycoXnIsf thÀXncn¨p.

‘coXncmßm Imhyky’ F¶v IhnXsb \nÀÆNn¨ hma\³ hninjvSamb ]ZcN\bmWv òXn

F¶p hyàam¡n. hninjvSsa¶mÂ KpWk¼¶w F¶mWv AÀ°w. ht{ImànbmWv

IhnXbpsS {]tXyI F¶v IpÍ³ FSp¯p ]dªp. kpIpamcw, hnNn{Xw, a[yaw F¶v

coXnIÄ¡v t]cn«p. cp{ZS³ sshZÀ`n, ]m©men, KuUn, emSob F¶ \mepXcw coXnIfpv

F¶v {]kvXmhn¨p.

ZWvUnbmIs«, sshZÀ`n, KuUn F¶v coXnIsf thÀXncn¨v Hmtcm¶nsâbpw

{]tXyIX hyàam¡n. tÇjw, {]kmZw, kaX, am[pcyw, kpIpamcX, AÀ°hyàn, DZmcXw,

HmPÊv, Imń, kam[n ChbmWv sshZÀòcoXnbpsS KpW§Ä. am[pcyw, AÀ°hyàn,

DZmcXzw, HmPÊv kam[n, DZmcX Ch KuUocoXnbpsS {]tXyIXIfmWv. ssiYneyw,

{]kmZlm\n, hnjaX, AXypàn, Zo]vXn F¶nh KuUo coXnbpsS tZmj§fpamWv.

sshZÀ`n, ]m©men, emSob, amK[n, AhńI F¶v A©pXcw ImhycoXnIsf t`mP³


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

\nÀ®bn¨p. sshZÀò coXnbnÂ ZpXn, Zo]vXn, hnImkw F¶o KpW§fpmIpw F¶v

hyàam¡nb B\µhÀ²\³ i_vZ¯nsâbpw AÀ°¯nsâbpw KpW§Ä¡¸pdw

Imhy¯nsâ Bßmhns\ Is¯m³ {ian¡pIbmWv sNbvXXv.

am[pcyw, {]kmZw, HmPÊv, F¶o aq¶p KpW§Ä FSp¯p ]dbmw. tIcf]mWn\n

AwKoIcn¨ KpW§fmWv Ch.

am[pcyw þ ]eh«w tI«mepw a[pcambnt¯m¶p¶ ImhyKpW§fmWv am[pcyw.

“I\I¨ne¦ Inep§nInep§n

Im©\Im©n Ipep§n¡pep§n,”F¶n§s\ N§¼pgbpsS ‘Imhy\À¯In’bv¡v am[pcyw F¶ KpWapv.

{]kmZw

AÀ°¯nsâbpw i_vZ¯nsâbpw kwtbmKw sImv km[mcW tXm¶m¯

i_vZ`wKnbpw, AÀ° `wKnbpw tXm¶nbv¡pI, ckw Dfhm¡pI.

“Hcp thf ]g¡tadnbmþ

encpfpw sasÃ shfnämbv hcmw

‘Nn´mhnjvSbmb koX’ bnÂ Bim³ CcpÄ ]Xps¡ shfnämbn amdp¶Xv

i_vZ§fpsS k¶nthiw sImv A\pIcn¡p¶p. AtXkabw hmNymÀ°¯n\¸pdw

PohnXs¯¡pdn¨p Xs¶ t_m[ys¸Sp¯p¶ hywKyw IhnXbnepv.

HmPÊv

hnNn{Xhpw DZmchpamb ]Z§Ä tNÀ¯v IhnXsb BIÀjIam¡p¶ coXnbmWv HmPÊv.

IS½\n«bpsS ‘im´’ F¶ IhnXbnse

‘Ipt¼mÀ¯p InXbv¡pw hmg¡pgÂ

Nodn hnfädp¶p

F¶n§s\ ]e hcnIfpw "HmPÊv' F¶ KpWw tNÀ¶hbmWv.’sshZÀòcoXnbv¡v DZmlWambn km[mcW FSp¯p]dbmdpÅXv ImfnZmksâ

IhnXIfmWv. {]kmZw, am[pcyw F¶n§s\ ]¯p KpW§fpw ImfnZmk IhnXbnÂ

DÄt¨cp¶p. aebmf¯nÂ hÅt¯mfnsâ ImhyssienbnÂ Cu KpW§Ä kzm`mhnIambn

tNcp¶Xv ImWmw. N§¼pg¡hnXbnÂ kuIpamcyw {][m\amWv. Ipamc\mimsâ

IhnXbnÂ Znhyamb `mh§fpWÀ¯p¶ DZmcX, AÀ°w kwt£]n¨psImv DmIp¶

kam[n F¶o KpW§Ä {][m\amWv.

B[p\nI IhnXIÄ am[pcyw, Imń F¶o KpW§Ä ssIhn«v IhnXbv¡v iànbpw

HmPÊpw \ÂIm³ {ian¡p¶Xmbn ImWmw.

IV Ae¦mckn²m´wImhykuµcyw {]Xn]mZ\ sshNn{Xys¯ B{ibn¨ncn¡p¶p F¶v hnizkn¨hcmWv

Ae¦mc ]²Xn apt¶m«p sh¨Xv. `mal³, DZv`S³, cp{ZS³ F¶nhcmWv Cu ]²Xnsb

kn²mám¡n amänbXv. `mal³ 39 Ae¦mc§sfbpw, cp{ZS³ 68 Ae¦mc§sfbpw

\nÀt±in¨p. ZWvUn AhbpsS F®w 35 B¡n. A¿¸Zo£nXcpsS A`n{]mb¯nÂ

Ae¦mc§Ä 110 F®amWv.

B\µhÀ²\³ Ae¦mc§Ä¡v Nne \nÀt±i§Ä apt¶m«p sh¨p. AwKnbmb

ck¯nsâ {]m[m\yw \ne\nÀ¯p¶ Ae¦mc§fmWv Imhy¯n\v thXv. Ah kµÀ`w


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

t\m¡n thWw {]tbmKn¡phm³. AkwJyw Ae¦mc§Ä GIIme¯v AcpXv. Ae¦mc

_mlpeyw sImv cklm\n hcmsX t\m¡Ww F¶nhbmWv \nÀt±i§Ä.

‘`mjm`qjW’¯nÂ G.BÀ.. cmPcmPhÀ½ Ae¦mc§sf kmtaymàn,

AXnitbmàn, hmkvXthmàn, tÇtjmàn F¶v \membn Xncn¡p¶p. kmayIev]\bpw,

AXnitbmànbpw an¡ Ae¦mc§fnepw Dv. ]dbp¶Xnse sshNn{XyamWv

hmkvXthmànIsf ckIcam¡p¶Xv.

Ae¦mc {]m[m\yhmZs¯ hma\\pw, ZWvUnbpw FXnÀ¯p. KpW§fmWv

Imhy¯nsâ {]mW§Ä. Ae¦mc§Ä Imhys¯ tim`Icam¡p¶ [À½§Ä am{XamWv.

IhnXbnse Ae¦mc sshNn{Xyw sImv Bßmhmb [z\n \jvSs¸ScpXv F¶v

B\µhÀ²\\pw FSp¯p]dbp¶p.

F¦nepw IhnXbpsS apJyicoc¯nÂ \n¶v thÀs]Sp¯n D]a, DÂt{]£, cq]Iw

F¶n§s\ t]cn«p hcnIÄ am{Xam¡n Ae¦mc§Ä \nÀ®bn¡p¶ coXnbmWv

hfsc¡meambn XpSÀ¶p t]mcp¶Xv. amebpw, hfbpsams¡ tZl¯nÂ \n¶v Agns¨Sp¯v

]cntim[n¡p¶ coXnbmWnXv. Ah tZlkuµcy¯n\v amäpIq«p¶ptm,

kµÀt`mNnXamtWm F¶p t\m¡emWv {][m\w. ]Tnbv¡m\pw XmcXayw sN¿m\pw,

]co£bv¡p tNmZn¡m\pw ]änb coXnbmWnXv. bYmÀ°¯nÂ Ae¦mc§Ä Imhy¯nsâ

sam¯w cks¯ ]cnt]mjn¸n¡p¶hbmIWw.

ImfnZmksâ {]kn²amb D]a, cLphwi¯nÂ \ns¶Sp¯Xv, DZmlcWambn

]dbmw. CµpaXn kzbwhcameyhpambn cmPm¡³amÀ¡nSbneqsS \o§pIbmWv.

‘k©mcnWo Zo]intJh cm{Xu’ F¶v Hscmä hcnbnÂ ImfnZmk³ Cu cwKw

hntijn¸n¡p¶p. Zo]inJ ASps¯¯pt¼mÄ sXfnªpImWpwt]mse CµpaXn

ASps¯¯pt¼mÄ cmPmhnsâ apJw {]Xo£ sImv {]Imin¡pw. Abmsf kzoIcn¡msX

CµpaXn apt¶m«p t]mIpt¼mÄ cmPmhnsâ apJw Ccpfpw. Zo]inJ ]n¶n«p t]mbmÂ

F¶t]mse ASp¯ cmPmhnsâ apJw {]Xo£ sImv hnScpw. ]ns¶ a§pw.

A§s\b§s\ cm{XnbnÂ Zo]inJ sImp {]bmWw sN¿pw t]mse CµpaXn

cmPm¡³amÀ¡nSbneqsS \o§pIbmWv. ImfnZmk³ [z\na[pcambn Cu cwKw Hscmä

D]abnÂ HXp¡n. cwKw \½psS a\ÊnÂ ]Sn]Snbmbn hnScpIbmWv. AXy´w kpµchpw,

Zo]vXhpamb Hcp cwKw. cmPm¡³amcpsS am\knImhØ {]Xn^en¸n¡m³ Cu D]a

]cym]vXamWv. IhnXbpsS sam¯¯nepÅ `mh`wKnsbbpw Cu Ae¦mcw t]mjn¸n¡p¶p.

B[p\nI Ihn kz´w IhnXbv¡v iàn ]Icm\pw sshNn{Xyapfhm¡m\pamWv

Ae¦mc§Ä kzoIcn¡p¶Xv.

i_vZmÀ°{]IcWw5

i_vZs¯ hmNIw, e£Iw, hyRvPIw F¶v aq¶mbn Xncn¡p¶p. hmNyw, e£yw,

hywKyw F¶nhbmWv ChbpsS [À½§Ä. i_vZhym]mcs¯ A`n[m, e£W, hyRvP\

F¶v aq¶mbn Iev]n¨ncn¡p¶p.

A`n[

hm¡nsâ kmt¦XnIamb AÀ°amWv A`n[. A`n[ hmNyamb AÀ°s¯ GXp

kµÀ`¯nepw kqNn¸n¡p¶p.

DZm: þ ae, Xe, he


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

cqUn þ i_vZ§Ä¡v FÃm Ime¯pw Iev]n¨v Dd¨pt]mb AÀ°w.

DZm:þ ae, Xe, he

tbmKw þ Hcp i_vZw asäm¶pambn tNÀ¶v DmIp¶ AÀ°w.

DZm: þ the¡mc³, hr¯ntISv, ]Wn¡qen

tbmKcpVn þ i_vZ¯n\v {]kn²amb AÀ°apv. kmlNcyw sImv DmIp¶

AÀ°hpapv. cpw tNÀ¶mWv tbmKcpUn.

DZm:þ ‘ad’bv¡v thZw F¶pw, adbv¡p¶Xv F¶pw AÀ°apv. adIsf ]Ip¯h³

F¶p ]dbp¶nS¯v ad thZamWv. adbn«v thÀXncn¨p F¶p ]dbpt¼mÄ kµÀ`w t\m¡n

adbv¡v XncÈoe F¶ AÀ°w Iev]n¡Ww.

A½ ]mÂ X¶p (A½ F¶ kv{Xo)

At½ almamtb!

2. e£W

hmNy¯nsâ AÀ°¯n\¸pdw ]pXnsbmcp AÀ°s¯ kqNn¸n¡p¶ i_vZKpWamWv

e£W.

DZm: Iehd

Ie§Ä shbv¡p¶ Ad F¶mWv hmNymÀ°w

]s£ km[\§Ä kq£n¡p¶ Øew F¶v e£W.

ImSp ]q¯ncn¡p¶p

e£W sImv hr£§fnÂ \ndsb ]qhpv F¶v kn²n¡p¶p.

cma³ IgpXbmWv

e£W sImv cma\v _p²n IpdhmWv F¶v kn²n¡p¶p.

3. hyRvP\

A`n[bpw, e£Wbpw hyàam¡nb AÀ°¯n\¸pdw `n¶amb HcÀ°w IqSn

kqNn¸n¡p¶XmWv hyRvP\.

DZm-: ‘A³]nepdp¼pIÄ¡mIam\w

Xp¼IÄ tNmdp hnf¼n \n¶p’A³]v, Ddp¼v, Xp¼, hnf¼n F¶nhbpsS km[mcW AÀ°s¯ Cu hcnIÄ

adnIS¡p¶p. Ddp¼pIÄ¡v tNmdp hnf¼p¶ {]IrXntZhnbpsS hmÕeyw hyRvPamIp¶p.

DZm: ‘Imesa³ incÊn¦eWnbn¡bmbv apÃame’hmNymÀ°¯n\pw e£ImÀ°¯n\pw A¸pdw hywKyambn, hmÀ²Iyambn F¶pw

AXv ip`Icamb AhØbmsW¶pw hyRvPn¡p¶p.

hni-Z-]-T\w

Imhy-tl-Xp-¡ÄtUm. Nm¯-\m¯v ANyp-X-\p®n

Imhy-tl-Xp-¡-fnÂ {]Xn- bv¡p {]Y-a-Øm\w \ÂIp-¶-h-cm-Wv `mc-Xo-bm-Nm-cy-·m-cnÂ

`qcn- m-Khpw. {]Xn- m-k-¼-¶-cmb Npcp¡w NneÀ-¡p Nne-t¸mÄ am{X-ap-m-Ip-¶-XmWv Imhy-c-

N-\m-ssh- hw F¶v `ma-l³ ]d-bp-¶p. "Imhyw Xp PmbtX PmXp Iky-NnXv {]Xn- m-hXx'

(Im-hym-e-¦m-cw). AtXm-sSm¸w i_vZmÀ°-hyq-Xv]-¯n, Kpcp-]m-k-\w, e£yÚm\w F¶n-

hbpw Ihnbv¡p Bh-iy-am-sW¶v At±lw Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p-v. ""i_vZm- n-t[b


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

hnÚmb IrXzm XZzn-Zp-]m-k\w hntem-Iym-\y-\n-_-Ômw-Ý-Im-cyx- Im-hy-{In-bm-Zcx'. ss\kÀ¤n-

I-amb {]Xn- , Id-bä imkv{X-Úm-\w XpSÀ¨-bmb A`ymkw Ch aq¶pw-tNÀ¶v Imhy-k-¼-

¯n¡p GI-Im-c-W-ambn hÀ¯n-¡p¶p F¶mWv BNm-cy-Z-Þn-bpsS kn²m-´w.

"ss\kÀ¤nIo N {]Xn` {ipXw N _lp-\nÀ½ew Aa-µ-Ým- n-tbm-tKmkymx ImcWw Imhy-k-

¼Zx'þ (Imhym-ZÀiw). F¶mÂ hmk-\m-Kp-Wm-\p-_-Ôn-bmb AÛp-X-I-c-amb {]Xn` CsÃ-

¦nÂt¸mepw hypXv]-¯nbpw A`ym-khpw sImv D]m-kn-¨mÂ hmKvtZhn XoÀ¨-bmbpw

sXsÃm-¶-\p-{K-ln-¡pw. (""\ hnZytX bZy]n ]qÀÆ-hm-k-\mþ KpWm-\p-_Ôn {]Xn- m-\-a-ÛpXw

{iptX\ bXvt\\ N hmKp-]m-knXm {[phw Imtcm-tXyh Ia-]y-\p-{Klw''þ Sn.1.104) F¶pw At±-

l- n-¶- n-{]m-b-ap-v. Chn-sSbpw {]Xn- -bmWv bYmÀ° Ihn-Xz-¯n\v \nZm-\-sa¶v kqNn- n- n-

cn-¡p-¶p. {]b-Xv\-im-en-bmb {]Xn- m-Z-cn-{Zs\ hmKvtZhn sXsÃm-¶-\p-{K-ln-¡-tb-bp-Åp. A§-

s\-bp-Å-hÀ¡v IhnXzw Iri-am-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶pw At±lw {]kvXm-hn-¡p-¶p- "Irti IhntXz

]n P\mx- Ir-X-{iamxhnZ-Kv[-tKm-jvTqjp hnlÀ¯p-ao-itX'þ(Sn.1.103). {]Xn- -bpsS CX-cm-Xn-im-

en-bmb {]m[m\yw hyà-am-Ip-amdv AXv Ihn-Xz-_o-P-am-Wv. (""Ihn-Xz-_oPw {]Xn- mkw''þIm-hym-

e-¦m-c-kq-{X-hr-¯n) F¶v Du¶n- -d-ªp hma-\m-Nm-cy³. P·m- -cm-KX kwkvIm-c-hn-ti-j-amb

{]Xn- -bn-ÃmsX Imhyw Dm-hn-sÃ¶pw AYhm A§s\ Dm-bmÂ Xs¶ AX]-lm-ky-am-Ip-

sa¶pw At±lw hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶p-v. F¶mÂ hma-\sâ ImhywK (Im-hy-tl-Xp) KW-\-bnÂ

Hcp sNdnb s]mcp- -t¡-Sp-Å-Xp-IqSn Nqn-¡m-Wn- p-sIm-Å-s«. temIw, hnZy, {]IoÀ®w

F¶p aq¶s{X At±-l- nsâ ]£- nÂ Imhy-tl-Xp-¡Ä. temI-hy-h-lm-c-Úm-\-amWv

temIw. i_vZ-im-kv{XmZn imkv{X-Úm\w hnZy. e£y-ÚXzw (Im-hy-]-cn-N-bw) A`n-tbmKw

(A- ym-kw) hr²-tkh (Kp-cp-]m-k-\w) Ath-£Ww (]-Z-{]-tbm-K- n-epÅ {i²) {]Xn- , Ah-

[m\w (G-Im-{K-X) F¶o Bsd-®w {]IoÀW¯nÂs¸-Sp-¶p. kÀÆ-{]-[m-\-amb {]Xn- sb

{]IoÀW- n-sem-¶mbn, cm-a-t¯-Xmbn F®p-I-bpw temI-]-cn-N-b-t¯bpw imkv{X-Úm-\-

t¯bpw {]Xn- bv¡p ap¼p thsd thsd \nÀt±-in-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXXv F´p-sIm-s¶v hyà-

a-Ã. hmkvX-h- nÂ Cu Imhymw-¦-§-fnÂ {]Xn- -sbm-gn- p-Å-sXÃmw hypÂ]-¯ym- ym-k-§-fnÂ

HXp-§pw. temIw, hnZy, e£y-Úm\w F¶nh tNÀ¶mÂ hypÂ]-¯n-bm-bn. A`n-tbmKw,

Ah-[m-\w, Ath-£-Ww, hr²-tkh F¶nh A`ym-k-¯n-e-S-§pw. AXn-\mÂ ZÞn \nÀt±-

in¨ Imhy-tl-Xp-¡-sf-¯s¶ A]-{K-Yn¨p hnh-cn- n-cn-¡-bmWv hma-\³.

ZÞn-bpsS aX-amWv cp{Z-S\pw: ""{XnX-b-anZw hym{]n-btX iànÀhypÂ]-¯n-c- ymkxþ

Imhym-e-¦mcw. iàn {]Xn` Xs¶. Ihn-lr-Zbw _mly-hn-j-b-§-fnÂ\n¶v ]n·mdn Bß-eo-\-

am-bn-¯o-cp¶ kam-[y-h-Ø-bnÂ A]qÀÆ-hn-Nn-{X-amb AÀ°-§-tfbpw ]Z-§-tfbpw hncn-bn-

¨psImv {]Im-in-¡p-¶-h-fmWv iàn F¶v cp{Z-S³ ]d-bp-¶p. ""iànÀ\n-]p-WX temI-im-

kv{X-Im-hy-Zy-th-£-WmXv Imhy-Ú-in-£-bm- ymk CXn-tl-Xp-kvX- p-Zv`th'' F¶v Imhy-{]-Im-

i- nÂ a½-S³ iàn ({]-Xn- ) hypXv]¯n, A`ymkw F¶n-hsb apJy-ambn¡cp-Xn. ""Ihn-Xz-

_oPw {]Xn- m\w'' F¶ hma-\-kq-{X-¯nsâ shfn- -¯nÂ B\-µ-hÀ²-\³, cmP-ti-J-c³,

hmKv`-S³ ZznXo-b³, Ip´-I³, PK-¶m-Y-]-Þn-X³ F¶n-hÀ {]Xn- -bmWv kÀÆ-{]-[m-\w,

AYhm {]Xn` am{Xta Ihn-Xz-\n-Zm-\-amIq F¶v {]Jym-]n-¨p. hypXv]- y- ym-k-§Ä Imhy-tl-

Xp-¡-f-sÃ-¶p-hsc hmKv`-S³ kn²m-´n-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. F¶mÂ awK-em-Nm-cy-t\bpw iyma-tZ-h-

t\-bpw-t]mse `n¶m- n-{]m-b-¡mcpw Dm-bn-cp-¶p. A`ym-k-amWv awK-esâ ]£-¯nÂ apJyw.

AXp-I-gn-ªmÂ {][m\w hypÂ]-¯n-bp-a-s{X. Ihn-bpsS kam[n (G-Im-{K-X)bv¡mWv iyma-tZ-

h³ {]m[m\yw \ÂIp-¶-Xv. F¶mÂ Ch-cpsS {]Xn- m-{]m-[m\y\ncm-I-cWhmZ-¯n\v AwKo-

Imcw e`n-¨n-«n-Ã.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

tamUyqÄ þ 2Imhy{]tbmP\w

BkzmZP\yamb B\µamWv kmlnXy{]tbmP\§fnÂ apJysa¶mWv

`mcXobmNmcy·mcnÂ `qcn`mKhpw kn²mń¡p¶Xv. \mSyw ""{IoU\obI''hpw

""hnt\mZP\I'' hpamsW¶v `cXap\n ]dbp¶p. Imhy¯nÂ \n¶v t{imXm¡Ä¡v {]oXnbpw

hypÂ]¯nbpapmIp¶psh¦nepw AhbnÂ {]oXn Xs¶bmWv {][m\w F¶v

B\µhÀ²\\pw A`n\hKp]vX\pw A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p. ckmkzmZ\ P\yamb

hnKfnXthZymćamb B\µw kIe {]tbmP\aueo`qXamWv. a½Ssâ ]£¯nepw.

ckm\p`qXn {_ÒmkzmZktlmZcamsW¶p kn²mń¡p¶hÀ¡v

kmlnXymkzmZ\¯nepmIp¶ Akm[mcWamb B\µs¯ {][m\ambn IcpXmXncn¡m³

h¿tÃm.

Imhy¯n\p thsd {]tbmP\§fpw Nqn¡mWn¡s¸«n«pv. NneXp IhnIsfbpw

NneXp klrZbt\bpw kw_Ôn¡p¶Xs{X. ]©athZamb \mSy¯nsâ {]tbmP\§fmbn

`cXap\n \nÀt±in¡p¶ [À½w, biÊv, lnXw, _p²n, temI]tZiw F¶nh Imhy¯n¶pw

tbmPn¡pw. Zp:J]chicmbn A²zm\¯nÂ XfÀ¶hcmbn a\sÊcnbp¶ Zo\P\§sf

Bizkn¸n¡pI, kÖ\§Ä¡v AhcpsS [À½m`nkÔnbnÂ A`n\µ\w \evIpI,

AÚm\nIsf Úm\¯nsâ shfn¨¯nte¡v \bn¡pI òcp¡Ä¡v ]ucpjw

ImWn¨psImSp¡pI, hnthIioew hfÀ¯pI F¶nhsbÃmw Iem{]tbmP\§fmbn `cX³

]cnKWn¡p¶p.BkzmZ\¯nepZn¡p¶ B\µw XmXv¡menIamWv. A\y{]tbmP\§fmIs«

BkzmZIcnÂ {]hÀ¯n¨p kq£vacqt]W \op \nÂ¡p¶p F¶mWv `cXap\nbpsS

hnh£sb¶v tXm¶p¶p.

`cX³ ]dªpsh¨ {]tbmP\§sf¯s¶bmWv `mal\pw, asämcp

hn[¯nemsW¦nepw, \nÀt±in¡p¶Xv. [À½w, AÀ°w, Imaw, tam£w F¶o

NXpÀhÀ¤§fpsS {]m]vXn, Iemss\]pWyw, Iemss\]pWyw, IoÀ¯n, {]oXn ChbmWv

D¯akmlnXy¯nsâ ê§Ä. ""[À½mÀ°Imatamt£jp hN£Wyw Iemkp N {]oXow

ItcmXn IoÀ¯nw Nkm[pImhy\ntjhWw.'' ZWvUnbpw hma\\pw t`mP\pw IoÀ¯n {]oXn

F¶o cp {]tbmP\§Ä¡p {]m[m\yw \ÂIn. hypXv]¯ncq]amb

NXpÀhÀ¤ê{]m]vXnsbbmWv cp{ZS³ apJyambn IcpXnbXv. F¶mÂ hypÂ]¯n

B\µt¯¡mÄ A{][m\amsW¶mWv B\µhÀ²\sâbpw IpÍsâbpw

[\RvPbsâbpw A`n{]mbw. ]qÀÆaX§sfsbÃmw ka\zbcqt]W a½S³ kw{Kln¡p¶p.

biÊv, [\w, hyhlmcÚm\w, AawKe£Xn kZy ]c\nÀhrXn, D]tZiw ChbmWv

Imhyê§Ä. ""Imhyw bitkÀ°IrtX hyhmlchntZ inthXc £Xtb kZyx

]c\nÀhrXtb Im´mk½nXXtbm]mtZibqtP.'' ChbnÂ biÊpw [\hpw

Ihnbv¡pÅXmWv. aäpÅh BkzmZI\pw. IoÀ¯n kzÀ¤êbmbXpsImv

AawKe£Xnbpw AXpaqeapmIp¶ ]cam\µhpw Ihnbv¡pw ssIhcp¶XmWv.

D]tZiw t\cn«p \nÀhln¡pbÃ Imhysa¶v a½S³ {]tXyIw Nqn¡mWn¨n«pv.

Im´sbt¸mse ckn¸n¨p hi¯m¡n, cmas\t¸msebmhWw, cmhWs\t¸msebmhcpXv

F¶n§s\ D]tZin¡pIbmt{X Imhyw sN¿p¶Xv. tlaN{µ\pw hnizm\mY\pw Cu

A`n{]mbw BhÀ¯n¡p¶p. IhnklrZb·mÀ¡v, cp Iq«À¡pw B\µw, Ihn¡v biÊv,

klrZb¶v IrXymIrtXym]tZiw ChbmWv tlaN{µ³ ]cnKWn¡p¶ Imhy ê§Ä.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

hniz\mY³ kmlnXyZÀ¸W¯nÂ FÃm ê§sfbpw NXpÀhÀ¤{]m]vXnbnÂ HXp¡p¶p.

(NXpÀhÀKê{]m]vXnxkpJmZev][nbma]n)

`mcXobNnÍ·mÀ Ie Iebv¡pthn F¶ ]£¯p \nÂ¡p¶

tIhem\µhmZnIfsÃ¶p hyàamWv. BkzmZ\thfbnÂ lrZbkwhmZP\yamb

B\µa\p`hn¡p¶XneqsS \½psS Bßmhnsâ aWvUe§Ä hnIkn¡pIbpw

kmkv¡mcnIamb Hcp¶a\w, PohnXs¯ kw_Ôn¨v hnimeamb Hc`nho£Ww, \ap¡p

e`n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. hnÚm\ZmbIamb Cu kwkv¡mcamWv NXpÀhÀ¤ê{]m]vXn

\qämpIÄ¡p ap¼v Cýbnse Be¦mcnI·mÀ ]dªpsh¨ Imcy§Ä C¶pw

{]kàamWv.

hniZ]T\¯n\v

`mjm`qjWw

F.BÀ. cmPcmPhÀ½

I KpW{]IcWwck¯n\v DXvIÀjw hcp¯p¶ [À½amWv KpWw. F´mWv KpWhpw, Ae¦mchpw

X½nepÅ hyXymkw? ckw þ AwKn, AXn\v DXvIÀjapm¡p¶Xv KpWw. AXv

Imhy¯nsâ Øncamb [À½amWv. AwK§fpsS kuµcyw hÀ²n¸n¡p¶hbmWv

Ae¦mc§Ä KpWw Imhymßmhns\bpw Ae¦mc§Ä. Imhyicocs¯bpw

`wKnbpÅXm¡p¶p.

KpW§Äþ aq¶v

{]mNo\Nmcy·mcnÂ \n¶v hyXykvXambn KpW§Ä aqt¶bpÅq F¶pw Ah

{]kmZw, am[pcyw, HmPÊv F¶nhbmWv F¶pw F.BÀ Dd¸n¨p ]dbp¶p.

1. am[pcyw

a\Êv BËmZ¯nÂ ebn¸n¡p¶ ImhyKpWamWv am[pcyw, irwKmcw, IcpWw, im´w

F¶o ck§Ä¡v tNÀ¶ ImhyKpWamWv am[pcyw.

2. HmPÊv

hocw, cu{Zw, _o`Õw F¶nhsb t]mjn¸n¡p¶ Cu KpWw a\Êns\

DÕml]qÀ®am¡p¶p.

3. {]kmZw

DW§nb hndInÂ Xo ]SÀ¶p ]nSnbv¡pw t]mse s]s«¶v ]c¶v hnIkn¡p¶

KpWamWv {]kmZw. FÃm ckhpw Cu KpWs¯ B{ibn¡p¶p.

lmkyw, AÛpXw, `bm\Iw F¶o ck§fnÂ am[pcyhpw HmPÊpw kaambn

ImWp¶p.

III [z\n{]IcWw

hmNymÀ°t¯¡mÄ hywKymÀ°s¯ NaÂ¡mcapfhm¡pt¼mÄ [z\n Imhyw

DmIp¶p. hywKy¯n\v {]m[m\yw Ipdbp¶ Imhy¯n\v KpWn`qXhywKyImhyw F¶p

]dbp¶p. [z\n Imhyw D¯aw. KpWn`qXhywKyImhyw a[yaw. Nn{X Imhyw A[aw.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

IV ck{]IcWw

Imhy¯neqS\ofw \ne\nÂ¡p¶ ck¯n\v Ømbo`mhw F¶p ]dbp¶p. CXv 9 Xcw

irwKmcw, hocw, IcpWw, cu{Zw, _o`Õw, `bm\Iw, lmkyw AÛpXw, im´w.

hn`mhw þ cphn[w

Bew_\ hn`mKw þ \So\S·mÀ

D±o]\ hn`mhw þ ]Ým¯ew

A\p`mhw kmXznIw þ `mh{]IS\w

BwKnIw þ AwKNe\§Ä

hmNnIw þ kw`mjWw

Blmcyw þ thj`qjIw

hy`nNmco `mh§Ä

{][m\ `mh¯nsâ hn]coXsa¶ptXm¶psa¦nepw t]mjIambn¯ocp¶

k©mco `mh§Ä. DZmlcWambn hocs¯ AÛpXw, `bm\Iw F¶v k©mcn`mh§Ä

t]mjn¸n¡pw. irwKmcs¯ , timIw, AÛpXw F¶o k©mcn`mh§Ä ]cnt]mjn¸n¡pw.

ckhpw `mhhpw A\pNnXamIpt¼mÄ ckm`mkw F¶p ]dbpw. At\Iw `mh§Ä GI

Ime¯v DmIp¶Xv `mhkÔn, At\Iw `mh§fnÂ H¶n\v {]m[m\yw e`n¨mÂ

`mhi_fX.

hni-Z-]-T\w

]mc-¼cyw: \ntj-[hpw \ho-I-c-WhpwA¿- -]-Wn-¡À

ae-bmf Ihn-I-fnÂ Gä-hp-a-[nIw sshhn-[y-apÅ Ihn-X-I-fpsS cNn-bnXm-hmWv A¿- -]-

Wn-¡À. temI-I-hn-X-sbbpw \h-I-hn-X-tbbpw ae-bm-fn¡p ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp- nb ]Þn-X-I-hn-bm-

W-t±-lw. ioe-amb ssien-I-tfbpw ]cn-N-bn-¨p-t]m¶ ]mc-¼-cy-t¯bpw Xncp-¯p-Ibpw \ho-I-

cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS ià-\mb hàm-hv.

1930 sk]väw-¼À 12 \v ImhmewIc-bnÂ P\-\w. 1971 Â Ata-cn-¡-bnse C³Un-bm\m

kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-bnÂ\n¶pw Fw.-F, ]n.-F-¨v.Un _ncp-Z-§Ä. tIm«bw kn.-Fw.-Fkv tImtf-Pv,

Xncp-h-\- -]pcw alm-ßm-KmÔn tImtf-Pv, bqWn-th-gvknän tImtf-Pv, C³Un-bm\m kÀÆ-I-em-

ime F¶n-hn-S-§-fnÂ A[ym-]-I\pw tIcf kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-bpsS Cw¥ojv hIp- p-ta-[m-hn-bp-

am-bn-cp-¶p. 1981-þ82 Â tbÂ, lmÀhmUv F¶o kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-I-fnÂ (A-ta-cn-¡) tUmIvSÀ

_ncp-Zm-\-ć Kth-jWw \S- n. Ihn-Xbv¡pw \ncq-]-W-¯n\pw tIc-f, tI{µ kmlnXy

A¡m-Zan AhmÀUp-IÄ AS¡w \nc-h[n ]pc-kv¡m-c-§Ä t\Sn-bn-«p-v. 2006 BKÌv 23 \v ac-

W-s¸-«p.

IhnX taJ-e-bnÂ F¶ t]mse \ncq-]W cwK¯pw ]Wn-¡-cpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ I\-s¸-

«-Xm-Wv. `mc-Xob Imhy-im-kv{X-t¯bpw sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ Cý³ Imhy-]m-c-¼-cy-t¯bpw Bg-

¯nÂ hni-I-e\w sN¿p¶ At±-l-¯nsâ "Cý³ kmlnXy kn²m´w: {]k-ànbpw km[y-

Xbpw F¶ ]pkvX-I-¯nse BZy cv A[ym-b-§-fmWv hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n-\p-Å-Xv. AXnsâ

kw{K-lo-X-cq]w NphsS \ÂIp-¶p."]mc-¼cyw: \ntj-[hpw \ho-I-c-Whpw' F¶-XmWv H¶mw

A[ym-bw.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

PohnXwt]mse \nc-ć ]cn-Wm-an-bmWv kmln-Xy-hpw. amä-§-fn-ÃmsX \nÝ-e-amb

`mjbvt¡m kwkv¡m-c- nt\m \ne-\nÂ¡m-\m-hn-Ã. kmln-Xy-N-cn-{Xs¯ Ime-L-«-§-fmbn

hn`-Pn-¡p-¶Xv Cu bmYmÀ°yw AwKo-I-cn- p-sIm-m-Wv. kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-]-T-\w-Xs¶ Cu amä-

§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡p-hm³ Dt±-in-¨p-Å-Xm-Wv.

kn²m´]cn-WXn

kmlnXy ]T-\- nse Gähpw {][m\ hnj-b-amb emh-Wy-imkv{Xwþkm-lnXy aoamwk

]e Ncn-{X-L-«-§-fn-eqsS hnI-kn-¨p-h-¶n-«p-Å-Xm-Wv. kÀK kmln-Xy- n-ep-m-Ip¶ Ne-\-§-se-

t¸mseXs¶ kmlnXy ZÀi-\- nepw ]cn-Wm-a-{]-{Inb XpSÀ¶p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶p. Hmtcm Ime-

t¯bpw kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-IÄ ]Tn-¡p¶Xn\pw A]-{K-Yn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw hymJym-\n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw

klm-bn-¡p¶ kn²m- -§fpw amdn-amdn hcp-¶p. CtX ka-bw, hyh-Øm-]nX Nn´-bnÂ IpSp-

§n-¡n-S-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v Hmtcm Ne-\hpw òj-Wn-bm-bmWv A\p- -h-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. amä-§-fn-Ãm-Xm-Ip-

t¼mÄ `mj-am-{X-a-Ã, kmln-Xyhpw hnaÀi-\hpw arX-am-bn-¯o-cp-¶p. AXn-\mÂ kn²m´ \ho-

I-cWw `mjsbbpw kmln-Xy-t¯bpw kPo-h-ambn \ne-\nÀ¯p-hm³ AXy-´m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.

kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Ipfpw kmln-Xy-kn-²m-´hpw

kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ \nc-ćw h¶p-sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ amä-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n-emWv,

t{]cWsImmWv kn²m- -§Ä \ho-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. amä-§Ä¡v ]n¶n-epÅ XXz-§Ä,

Ahbv¡v t{]cW \ÂInb LS-I-§Ä {i²n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw {ItaW t{ImUo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw

sN¿p-¶p. `c-X-ap\n apXÂ PK-¶m-Y-]-Þn-XÀhsc-bpÅ BNm-cy-·m-cpsS t{ImUo-I-cW {ia-

§-fnÂ\n¶v hyà-amIp¶ Imcyw, Ah-scÃmw Htc Imcy-§Ä BhÀ¯n-¡p-I-bÃ sNbvXn-«p-

ÅXv F¶m-Wv.

F§-s\-bmWv Ime-Im-e-§-fnÂ ]gb Imcy-§Ä¡v \ho-I-cWw Dm-Ip-¶Xv? \ho-I-c-

Ww-h-gn. kml-N-cy-§-fnÂ hcp¶ amä- n-s\m¯v kmln-Xy- nepw `mh-cq] inÂ]-]-c-amb

amä-§-fp-m-Ip-¶p. Cu amä-§Ä¡-\p-kr-X-ambn kn²m´ \ho-I-c-Whpw kw`-hn-¡p-¶p.

Ncn-{X-ZÀi\w

A¿- -]-Wn-¡À ]d-bp¶p:Ignª A¿m-bncw sImÃs¯ Cým-N-cn{Xw \nÝ-e-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.

BZn-hm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw {Zmhn-U-cp-sSbpw Bcy-·m-cp-sSbpw XpÀ¡n-I-fp-sSbpw XmÀ¯-c-·m-cp-

sSbpw taf-\w-sImv \nc-ćw amdn-s¡m-n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp P\-k-aq-l-L-S-\-bpsS Ncn{Xw Ne-\-c-

ln-X-am-bn-cn-¡pI Akm-[y-am-Wv. kwLÀj-§fpw kwL-«-\-§fpw \nd-ª-XmWv B Ncn-{Xw.

B ]Ým- -e-¯nÂ hfÀ¶p-h¶ kwkvIm-chpw GI-in-em-\nÀan-Xhpw GI-hÀWm-ew-Ir-X-hp-a-

Ã. Nne [mc-IÄ apJy-[m-c-I-sfbpw ASn-Øm-\-kvt{Xm-X-Êp-I-fmbpw hÀWn-¡-s¸-Sm-dp-v.

C¶pw ]qÀW-ambn ebn- p-tNÀ¶n-«n-Ãm¯ At\Iw tKm{X-§-fp-sSbpw hÀK-§-fp-sSbpw k¦-

cw-þ-k-a-\z-b-L-«-¯n-te¡v \o§n-s¡m-n-cn-¡p¶ k¦-cw-þ-A-XmWv `mc-X-kw-kvIm-c-¯nÂ \mw

ImWp-¶-Xv. 'Historical Evolution of India' (Cý-bpsS Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ]cn-Wmaw page.159)F¶ teJ-\-¯nÂ kzman hnth-Im-\-µ³ C¡mcyw FSp-¯p-]-d-bp-¶p-v.

]n¶o-S-t§m«p At\Iw \qäm-p-I-fn-eqsS \mw Hcp P\-k-aq-ls¯ kao-]n-

¡p¶p þ hS¡v lnam-e-b-¯nse aªn\pw Z£n-W-Zn-¡nse DjvW-¯n\pw CS-

bnÂ þ hnkvXrX ka-`q-anbpw Ah-km-\n-¡m¯ h\-§fpw Ah-bv¡n-S-bn-eqsS

IpXn-s¨m-gp-Ip¶ alm \Zn-I-fpw. hyXy-kvX-cmb tKm{X-¡m-cpsS Hcp Zriyw \mw

ImWp¶pþ{Zmhn-UÀ, XmÀ¯m-c-·mÀ, BZn-hm-kn-IÄ þ Ah-c-h-cpsS ]¦p

càhpw `mjbpw s]cp-am-ä-§fpw aX-hn-izm-k-§epw sNmcn-ªp-sIm-v. HSp-

hnÂ \½psS ZrjvSn-bnÂ Hcp henb cmjv{Sw {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp¶p þ Bcy³ amXr-I-


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

sb¶ \ne-\nÀ¯n-s¡mv þ ka-\zbw sImv IqSp-XÂ iàhpw hnim-ehpw

kwL-Sn-X-hpw. Cu tI{µ ka-\zb k¯-Xs¶ kaq-l- n-\msI AXnsâ

coXnbpw kz`m-hhpw \evIp-¶-Xmbpw \mw ImWp-¶p þ ""Bcy³'' F¶ t]cnÂ

A`n-am-\-]qÀÆw Dd- p-\n-ev¡p-¶-Xmbn þ aäp tKm{X-§Ä¡p AXnsâ ]cn-jvIr-Xn-

bpsS t\«-§Ä ]¦n-Sm-\pÅ k·-\-tÊm-sS-sb-¦nepw ""Bcy³'' ]cn-[n-¡p-ÅnÂ

Ahsc ]qÀW-ambpw kzoI-cn-¡m-sX.

`mc-Xob kaq-l-L-S-\-bnÂ A´À`q-X-cm-bn-cn-¡p¶ sshhn-[y-s¯bpw sshcp-[y-s¯bpw ]än

'The Future of India' (`m-c-X-¯nsâ `mhn 3/286) F¶ teJ-\-¯nepw At±lw ]cm-aÀin

-¡p-¶p-v.

atäXp cmPy-s¯bpw {]iv\-§-sf-¡mÄ IqSp-XÂ k¦oÀ®hpw {]m[m-\y-ap-Å-Xp-

am-Wv. Cý-bnse {]iv\-§Ä. tKm{Xw, aXw, `mj, `c-W-Iq-Sw....... CsXÃmw

tNÀ¶mWv Hcp cmjv{Sw Dm-Ip-¶-Xv. tKm{X-¯n\p tKm{Xw h¨p t\m¡n-bmÂ

Cu cmPy-hp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp- p-t¼mÄ temI-¯nse LS-I-§Ä C{X hn]p-e-

a-sÃ¶p ImWmw. ChnsS Bcy\pw {Zmhn-U-\pw, XmÀ¯m-c\pw apIn-e\pw bqtdm-

]y\pw þ GXmp temI P\-X-IÄ apgp-h³ Xs¶bpw Cu \m«n-te¡v Ah-cpsS

càw {]h-ln- n-¨p. `mj-I-fpsS Imcy-am-sW-¦nÂ Gähpw AZv`p-X-I-c-amb k¦-e-

\-am-Wn-hnsS DÅ-Xv. s]cp-amä k{¼-Zm-b-§-fp-sSbpw BNm-c-§-fp-sSbpw Imcy-

¯nÂ bqtdm-]y³ hÀK-§fpw ]uckvXy hÀK-§fpw X½n-ep-Å-Xn-s\-¡mÄ

Aćw c v Cý³ tKm{X-§Ä X½n-ep-v.

]mc-¼-cy-\-ho-I-cWw

hyXy-kvX-X-I-fpÅ Cý³ kaqlw sI«n-¸-Sp¯ kwkvIm-c-¯nepw sshNn-{Xyhpw

k¼-¶-Xbpw Zriy-am-Wv. `qan-im-kv{X-]-chpw `mjm-]-chpw hÀK-]-c-hp-amb sshhn[yw Ncn-{X-

¯nsâ A\p-kyq-X-Xz-¯n\p KXn-thKw hÀ²n- n¨pt]m¶-Xp-sImv H«-\-h[n emhWykn-²m-

-§Ä Cý³ kmln-Xy-¯nÂ cq]p-s¸-Sp-I-bp-m-bn. \nc-ć ]cn-Wm-an-bmb kmaq-lnI

Pohn-X-¯n\p kam- -c-am-bn-Xs¶ kmln-Xyhpw hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§-fn-eqsS apt¶dnsImn-cn-

¡p-¶p. kn²m- -§Ä ASn-apSn amdp-I-bÃ, amdp¶ kml-N-cy-¯n\v A\p-k-cn¨v AÂ]mÂ]-

ambn cq]m-ćs¸Sp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv.

kn²m- -¯n-ep-m-Ip¶ amä-§Äaqew kmln-Xy-c-N-\-bnÂ amä-§Ä Dm-Ipw. hnaÀiw

kÀKm-ß-I-am-Ip-t¼mÄ ]pXnb cN-\m-k-t¦-X-§Ä, cq]-am-Xr-I-IÄ apX-em-bh Fgp-¯p-Im-

csâ ap¶nÂ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m³ ssk²m-ń-I\p km[n-¡p-¶p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs¶ kn²m- -¯n-

sem-Xp-§m¯ ]pXnb inÂ]-§Â Fgp- p-Im-c³ Ah-X-cn- n-¡p-t¼mÄ AXn-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb

kn²m- -§Ä hnaÀi-I³ Ip-]n-Sn-t¡-n-h-cpw.

kztZ-in-þ-hn-tZin

kmwkvIm-cnI \ho-I-c-W-¯nÂ cp-Xcw {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä \S-¡p-¶-Xmbn kn§À.

kztZin \ho-I-cWw hntZin \ho-I-c-W-¯nÂ\n¶v hmkvX-h-¯nÂ hyXy-kvX-am-sW-¦nepw

hntZin \ho-I-cWw Hcp L«-sa-¯p-t¼mÄ kztZin kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS Hcp `mK-ambn kzoI-cn-¡-

s¸-Sp¶p; adp-\m-S³ \mS-\mbn amdp-¶p. hntZ-i- pmm-Ip¶ Ip]n-Sp- -§fpw Bi-b-

§fpw ]t ChnsS Dm-bn-cp¶p F¶ hmZw D¶-bn-¡p-¶p. ]pjv]-I-hn-am\w ChnsS apt¼

Ds¶pw B[p-\n-I-Im-es¯ hnam\w Ip-]n-Sp- -¯nsâ clkyw ]g-b-Xm-sW¶pw ]d-bp-

¶Xv Hcp coXn-bm-Wv. B[p-\nI Imes¯ Imhy-X-Xz-§fpw ]t ChnsS Dm-bn-cp-¶-XmWv


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

Fs¶mcp hmZ-ap-v. aäp-Å-Xns\ X§-fp-tS-Xm¡n amäp¶ kzmwio-I-c-W-\bw ChnsS FÃm

taJ-e-bnepw ià-am-Wv.

ka-Im-enI ho£Ww

]Wn-¡À Fgp-Xp¶p: `mc-Xo-b-amb Imhy-kn-²m- -§Äs¡Ãmw ]cn-Wm-a-£-aX Ds-¶p-Å-Xp-

sIm-mWv Ah-bpsS ka-Im-enI {]kàn \mw Dd- n¨p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. ]cn-Wm-a-hn-t[-b-a-Ãm¯

ISpw-Nn-«-bpsS N«-¡q-Sm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ Hcp kn²m- -¯n\pw ]pXnb hymJym-\-§fpw hni-Zo-

I-c-W-§fpw Dm-hp-I-bn-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. {]i-kvX-cmb ssk²m-ń-IÀ Xs¶ ]e-t¸mgpw

hyXykvX coXn-bnÂ X¯z-§sf hymJym-\n-¡p-¶-Xns\ A\p-Iq-en-¡p¶Xmbn A`n-{]m-b-s¸-«n-

«p-v. `c-X-ap-\n-bpsS ck-kn-²m- -¯n-\p-Xs¶ F{X-b-[nIw hyXykvX hymJym-\-§-fm-Wp-m-

bn-«p-ÅXv! B\-µ-hÀ[-\sâ [z\ym-temIw JÞ-\-]-c-ambpw aÞ-\-]-c-ambpw F{Xtbm t]À

NÀ -sN-bvXn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]Xn-t\gmw \qäm-nÂ PK-¶mY ]Þn-X-cpsS Imew-h-sc-sb-¦nepw Cu

hnaÀi\ ]mc-¼cyw Cý-bnÂ ià-am-bn-cp-¶p. B ]mc-¼cyw ZpÀ_-e-am-b-tXmsS kmln-Xy-

kn-²m- -hn-Imkw Npcp-§n-t¸m-bn. sXmÂIm-¸n-b-¯nsâ Imcy-sa-Sp-¯mÂ AXnÂ ]d-bp¶

kn²m- -§sf `mh-\m-]qÀW-ambn thWw hymJym-\n-¡m³ F¶p kqNn- n-¡p¶ ]cm-aÀi-

§Ä ImWm³ Ign-bpw. bmsXm¶pw Ah-km-\-hm-¡m-bn-«Ã, At\z-j-W-¯nsâ Xpd¶ a\-

tÊm-sS-bmWv Ah-X-cn-¸n- n-«p-Å-Xv, `mh-\m-iàn \jvS-s¸-«-hÀ am{X-amWv A£-c- nÂ ISn- p-

Xq§n Bßm-hns\ \jvS-s¸-Sp-¯m³ hgn-sbm-cp-¡n-b-hÀ.

-hosSp-¡Â ]pd-tIm-«p-t]m-¡ÃHcp hos-Sp-¡-ensâ Ime-L-«-am-Wn-Xv. A[n-\n-th-i-Im-e¯v \jv«-s¸« HmP\pw

DuÀÖhpw ssIh-cn-¡-W-sa-¦nÂ hfsc \njvIr-jvS-amb {iaw thn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]gb

kn²m- -§sf Ah-bpsS Bßm-hpÄs¡mp thWw ]cm-hÀ¯\w sNbvXv ka-Im-eo\ kmln-

Xy-]-T-\-¯n\v DX-Ip-amdv hn]p-eo-I-cn¨pw Agn¨p]WnXpw PU-X-amän FSp-¡m³. `c-X-ap-\nbpw

B\-µ-hÀ[-\\pw ZÞnbpw A`n-\h Kp]vX\pw aäpw ]d-ªn-«pÅ Imcy-§Ä a\x-]m-T-am¡n

BhÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv Cu \ho-I-cWw km[y-am-hp-I-bn-Ã. bm{ń-I-amb Hcp kao-]\w

Cu kn²m- -§Ä AÀln-¡p-¶n-Ã. `mjbpw kmln-Xy-¯nepw h¶psIm-n-cn-¡p¶ amä-§Ä

Xs¶ kn²m-´- nÂ hcp-t¯ amä-§Ä¡p hgn-sbm-cp-¡p-¶p.

imiz-X-aq-ey-§fpw ]cn-Wm-ahpw

kmlnXy Iem-X-Xz-Nn- -I-fnÂ imiz-X-aq-ey-§Ä Fs¶mcp k¦Â]w ià-ambn \ne-

\nÂ¡p-¶p-v. kXyw, [À½w, Zb, kvt\lw, A`n-am\wþCh-sbms¡ FÃm Ime-L-«- nepw

hne-s¸-«-Xm-Wv. Chsb Ah-K-Wn-¨mÂ aqey-Nyp-Xn-bmhpw êw. F¡m-e¯pw hne-a-Xn-t¡--

h-bm-Wn-Xv. F¶mÂ ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-¯nÂ \mw Chsb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv AaqÀ -

amb k¦Â]-§-fm-bn-«-Ã. Bt]-£nI {]kàn t\Sp¶ aqÀ¯-amb hyàn-þ-hÀKm-[n-jvTn-X-

amb a\p-jy-_-Ô-§-fn-eq-sS-bmWv. kXyw Hcp Nnc-´\ aqey-am-Wv, ]t£, AXnsâ Bhn-

jv¡m-cw, aqÀ¯-amb Ah-Xmcw hyXym-k-s¸-Sp¶p; Hmtcm Ime-L-«-§-fn-epw, BXy- n-I-amb

amä-an-Ãm¯ aqey-§Ät]mepw Bt]-£n-I-amb hyXykvX amXr-I-Ifpw cq]-§-fp-am-bn-«mWv

A\p- -h-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. kmln-Xy-kr-jvSn-IÄ¡v Ft¸mgpw tIh-em-h-Ø-bnÂ \ne-\nÂ¡m-\m-hm-

-Xp-sImv imizm-X-aq-ey-§-fpsS Bt]-£nI cq]-am-Xr-I-IÄ Hä-sbm-ä -Ir-Xn-I-fpsS hni-Z-]-

T-\-¯nÂ kzm[o\w sNep- p-¶p. kn²m- -§Ä Dm-Ip-¶Xpw Ahbv¡v amä-§Ä hcp-¶Xpw

imiz-X-aq-ey-§-fpsS tIh-em-h-Ø-bn-eÃ; Bt]-£n-Im-h-Ø-bnÂ am{X-amWv þH¶mw A[ym-b-

¯nÂ ]Wn-¡À ]d-bp-¶p.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

ck-kn-²m- - \-ho-I-cWw

cmw A[ymbw ck-kn-²m- -s¯- -än-bm-Wv. C´y³ kmln-Xy-kn-²m- -§-fnÂ Gä-hp-

a-[nIw {]m[m-\yhpw AwKo-Im-chpw t\Sn-bn-«p-Å-XmWv ck-kn-²m-´w. cN-bn-Xm-hnsâ

ZrjvSnbnÂ \n¶-Ã, hmb-\-¡m-csâ ho£-W-¯nÂ\n-¶mWv ckw Gä-hp-a-[nIw hymJym-\n-¡-

s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv.

\mSyim-kv{X-¯nse A©pw Bdpw A[ym-b-§Ä þ ck-hn-I-ev]hpw `mh-hy-RvP-Ihpw

sXm«p-Xs¶ ck-NÀ¨ Bcw- n-¡mw. alÀjn-am-cpsS tNmZy-§Ä¡v D¯-c-sa¶ \ne-bn-emWv

A©p Imcy-§-sf- än `c-X³ ]d-bp-¶-Xv þ ckw, `mhw, kw{K-lw, Imcn-I, \ncpàw F¶o

{Ia- nÂ ckw F§s\ Dm-Ip¶p F¶-t±lw Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p. hn`m-h-§-fp-sSbpw A\p-

`m-h-§-fp-tSbpw hy`n-Nmcn `mh-§-fp-sSbpw IqSn-t¨À¨-sIm-mWv ck-\n-jv]¯n kw`-hn-¡p-¶-

Xv. ]e `mh-§Ä tNÀ¶n-W-§p-t¼mÄ Ømbo- mhw ck-ambn Xocpw. Ømbo- mhw Bkz-Zn-¡-

s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ ck-am-Ip-¶p. A§s\ ck-§-fmbn ]cn-W-an-¡p¶ \mep Ømbo- m-h-§ÄþirwKm-

cw, cu{Zw, hocw, _o`-Õwþ Chsb A\p-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-hgn lmkyhpw Icp-Whpw AÛp-Xhpw

`bm-\-Ihpw kn²-am-hp-¶p. ctkm-Xv]¯n tlXp-¡Ä hn`m-h-§Ä; ctkm-Xv]¯n ^e-§Ä

A\p- m-h-§Ä. Hmtcm ck- n\pw aqe-cq-]-amb Ømbo- mhw Dv. irwKm-c- n\p cXn, lmky-

¯n\p lmkw, Icp-W-¯n\p timIw; cu{Z- n\v t{Im[w, hoc-¯n\p DÕm-lw, `bm-\-I-

¯n\p `bw, _o`-Õ-¯n\v PpKp-]vk, AÛp-X- n\v hnkvabw F¶n-§-s\.

ck-§-fpsS F®w, Ah-bpsS t]cp-IÄ, D]-hn- m-K-§Ä, ck-§-fpsS ]c-kv]-c-_Ôw

F¶nhsb]än XÀ¡-§-fp-v. ckm-kzm-Z-\-amWv apJyw. apJy-ckw GsX-¶-Xn-s\- -änbpw A`n-

{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-§-fp-m-Im-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. Hcp ckw- Xs¶ ]e ]cn-W-Xn-I-fmbn `hn-¡p¶p F¶v

Icp-Xp-¶-h-cp-ap-v.-

t`mPsâ A`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ ckm-kzm-Z-\-¯n\v aq¶v L«-§-fp-v. ]c-tIm-Sn, a[y-am-h-Ø,

D -c-tImSn ck-¯nsâ ]c-tImSn F¶v ]d-bp-¶Xv AXnsâ Al-¦m-cm-h-Ø-bm-Wv. D -c-tIm-

Sn-bnÂ FÃm `mh-§Ä¡pw {]IÀjw Dmbn t{]a-sa¶ GI-kz-c-¯n-se-¯p-¶p. a[y-am-h-Ø-

bnÂ Htc ckw-Xs¶ ]e `mh-§-fmbn hÀ[n-¡p-¶p. `mh-§Ä D¨m-h-Ø-bn-se¯n ck-§-

fmbn ]cn-W-an-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. ck-ssh-hn[yw A\p- -h-s¸-Sp-¶Xv a[y-am-h-Ø-bn-em-Wv. D²-

Xw, im´w, t{]b-kv, DZm¯w F¶o \mep ck-§sf ]nSn-IqSn t`mP³ ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶p-v.

kn²m´ \ho-I-cWw

\mSys¯ ap³\nÀ¯n-bpÅ ]T-\-am-sW-¦nepw \mSy-im-kv{X-¯nÂ ]d-bp¶ ]e XXz-

§fpw kmln-Xys¯ {]Xy-£-ambn _m[n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. AXn-\mÂ ck-Nn´ kmlnXy kn²m-´-

¯nsâ `mK-am-Wv. \mSy-im-kv{Xw-Xs¶ Hcp _lp-hn-Zym-{K-Ù-am-b-Xp-sImpw XXz-§-fpsS

hymJym-\-§Ä¡v ]cn-anXn Iev]n-¨n-«n-Ãm-¯-Xp-sImpw Imem-Im-e-§-fnÂ bpà-amb coXn-

bnÂ hn]p-eo-I-cn-¡m-hp-¶-XmWv ck kn²m-´w. ck-kn-²m- - n\v \½psS Imes¯ kmln-

Xy- n-\p-IqSn A\p-tbm-Py-amb hymJym\w Dm-th--Xp-v. \mSy-¯nÂ\n¶v \mS-I-Ir-Xn-I-fn-

te¡pw Ahn-sS-\n¶v Imhy-¯n-te¡pw {]kàn hÀ[n- -Xp-t]mse B[p-\nI BJym-bn-I-I-

fnepw sNdp-I-Y-I-fnepw ka-Im-enI Ihn-X-bnepw FÃmw Cu {]kàn Øm]n-s¨-Sp-t¡-n-bn-cn-

¡p-¶p.Hmtcm IrXn-bnepw a\p-jysâ ASn-Øm-\- m-h-§Ä ià-ambn Ah-X-cn- n- n-cn-¡p-¶Xv

F§s\ F¶p Is-¯m-\m-hWw hnaÀi-Isâ {iaw.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

kn²m-´hpw {]tbm-Khpw

GXp kn²m- -am-bmepw {]tbm-K-£-aXsImp-thWw AXp \ymbo-I-cWw tXtS--Xv.

kn²m´w GXm-bmepw Imhy-ckw A\p- -h-th-Zy-am-IWw. IrXn F§-s\, F{X-am{Xw ck-\o-b-

am-bn-cn-¡p¶p? AXn-\pÅ tlXp-¡-sf-s´m-s¡-bmWv F¶v FSp-¯p-Im-Wn-¡pI CXmWv

klr-Zb kwhm-Z-am-Xr-I.

kn²m- -¯nÂ Bcw- n- p-sIm-mWv an¡ kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-kn-²m- -{K-Ù-§fpw

apt¶m-«p-\o-§p-¶-Xv. adn¨v IqSp-XÂ D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-hp-¶Xv kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-bnÂ \n¶p-Xs¶ XpS-

§p-¶-Xm-Wv. Bkzm-Z-\-¯n\p ]n¶nÂ ZÀi-\-i-àn-bmbn hym]-cn-¨mÂ aXn kn²m´w F¶p

]d-bmw. kn²m-´-Øm-]\ hy{K-X-bmWv ]e ssk²m-´n-I-scbpw ISpw-]n-Sp- -¡m-cm-¡n-b-Xv.

s]mcp- hpw s]mcp-¯-t¡Spw

ck-kn-²m- -{]-tbm-K-¯nÂ {]tXyIw ]cn-K-Wn-t¡ H¶mWv AwKmw-Kn-_-Ôw. Hcp

IrXn-bnÂ AwKn-ckw kmam-\yX H¶m-bn-cn-¡pw. AwK-c-k-§Ä Ht¶m AXnÂIq-Sp-Xtem

hcmw. IrXn-bnse AwKn-bmb {][m-\-ckw Ht¶-]m-SpÅq F¶ \nÀ_Ôw _rl-Zv{KÙ hn-

aÀi\w \S- p-t¼mÄ H-gn-hm-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. cmam-bW alm- m-c-Xm-Zn-I-fnepw ss__n-fnepw

Cen-b-Unepw Unssh³ tIma-Un-bnepw tjIvkv]n-bÀ IrXn-I-fnepw aäpw H¶nÂ IqSp-XÂ

AwKn-Õ-§Ä kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. AXp-]m-SnÃ F¶p ]d-bp¶ \nbaw adn-I-S-¡m³ \mw _m[y-

Ø-cm-Wv. AXp-t]mse C¶-bn¶ ck-§Ä X½nte AwKmw-Kn-s¸m-cp- -ap-mhq F¶p ]d-bp-

¶Xpw auUy-am-Wv. cmam-b-W-a-S-¡-apÅ _rl-Zv{K-Ù-§Ä ]e ck-§Ä ImWmw.

ka-Im-en-Ih-XvI-cWw

kn²m- -\-ho-I-c-W-¯n\v AXym-h-iy-amb \me-©p-Im-cy-§Ä {]k-à-am-Wv.

H¶v :{]mNo\ kn²m- -§-fpsS hnh-cWw ka-Im-enI `mc-Xob `mj-I-fnÂ kpXm-cy-amb

hn[w e`y-am-¡pI

cv :A§s\hcp-t¼mÄ {i²-bnÂs¸-Sp¶ hnS-hp-IÄ, t]mcm-bva-IÄ, ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ, AXyp-

àn-IÄ XpS-§n-bh Hgn-hm¡n kn²m- -hn-h-cWw AhnI-ehpw ]qÀWhpw B¡p-I.

aq¶v: kn²m- -¯nsâ DZm-l-c-W-sa¶ \ne-bv¡-ÃmsX Hcp IrXn apgp-h³ ]T-\-hn-j-b-

am¡n{]tbm-K-hn-[n-IÄA\p-jvTn¨vhnaÀi-{]-_Ôw X¿m-dm-¡p-I.

\mev: Cu {]tbm-K-]-²-Xn-bnÂ\n¶v Dcp- n-cnªv hcp¶ kq£va-ZÀi-\-§Ä kn²m- -

¯nsâ _e-¯n-\p-thn hnf-¡n-t¨À¡p-I.

A©v: kn²m- -§-fpsS Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w hn]p-e-s¸-Sp- p-I.

kn²m´ hym]\w

ck-k-¦-ev]-¯n\v ]nev¡m-e- p-mb ]e hni-Zo-I-c-W-§-fnepw B[p-\nI kmln-Xy-

Ir-Xn-I-fpsS ]T-\- nÂ klm-b-I-c-am-Im-\pÅ LS-I-§Ä Is-¯mw. A[ym-ßn-Im-\p-`q-Xn-

bnÂ\n¶v ckm-\p- q-Xn-¡pÅ hyXymkw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p¶ hnZym \nhmkv an{i-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-

§Ä CXn-s\m-cp-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. `àn-c-k-s -¸än NÀ¨-sN-¿p¶ Iq«-¯nÂ At±lw C¡mcyw

hyà-am-¡p-¶p. aX-]-c-amb A\p- qXn Ft¸mgpw AXns\ BIÀjn-¡p¶ Hcp _mly-tI-{µ-

¯n-te¡p {i² ]Xn-¸n-¡p-¶p. euIn-I- n\v AXo-X-amb Hcp LSIw AXn-ep-s¶p

am{X-a-Ã, AXn-\m-W-hnsS {]map-Jy-hpw. AXp-sIm-mWv `àn Hcp ck-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡m-Xn-cp-

¶n-«p-Å-Xv. hnZym-\n-hmkv an{i-bpsS ImgvN- m-SnÂ ssNX\y alm-{]-`p, cq]-tKm-kzm-an, a[p-kq-


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

Z\ kc-kzXn XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS B[ym-ßn-Im-\p- hw A`n-\-h-Kp-]vXsâ k¦-ev]-¯nÂ\n¶p

XnI¨pw hyXy-kvX-am-sW¶v Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.

\ho-I-c-W- nsâ {]tbm-K-]mTw

ck-kn-²m- -¯n\p ka-Im-en-I-{]-kàn ssIh-cW-sa-¦nÂ `mc-Xo-bhpw `mc-Xo-tb-X-c-hp-

amb ka-Im-enI kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-IÄ hymJym-\n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Xpd¶ a\-

tÊmsS \ho-IrX ck-k-¦-ev]-¯nsâ {]tbm-K-]-²Xn hnI-kn- n-t¡-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ck-kn-²m-

-¯n\p kmÀÆeu-In-Itam ka-Im-en-Itam Bb {]kàn CÃ F¶p hmZn-¡p-¶-hsc C{]-Im-

c-apÅ {]tbm-K-]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ sImt t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ km[n-¡q. ]nSn-hm-in-¡m-cmb

{]mNo\ ]Þn-X-·m-cpsS kao-]\w CXn-\-\p-Iq-e-am-hp-I-bn-sÃ¶p tXm¶p-¶p. ]mÝm-Xy-kn-²m-

-§Ä am{Xta ka-Im-en-I-Ir-Xn-IÄ¡v A\p-tbm-Py-amhq F¶p Icp-Xp¶ \ho\ ]Þn-X-

·mcpw {]Xn-Iq-e- mhw Im«m-\n-S-bpv. ck-kn-²m- -{]-tbmKw ]nd-tIm«p t]mImt\m `mc-Xo-bX

Dd- n-¡mt\m AÃ {i²n-t¡-Xv; kmÀÆ-eu-In-I-am-¡m\pw BtKm-f-h-Xv¡-cn-¡m\pw Imem-\p-

kr-X-amb amäw Imhy-ao-amw-k-bnÂ Bh-iy-am-sW-¦nÂ ck k¦-ev]-¯nepw AXnsâ

hymJym\ {]tbm-K-§-fnepw ka-Im-enI ZrjvSn ]Xn-tb--Xm-Wv. AXp km[n-¡p-¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ

]ns¶ kn²m´w F´n\v? {]tbm-K-¯n-eqsS kn²m- s¯ amän-sb-Sp-¡pI F¶Xv C¶s¯

Xe-ap-d-bpsS IÀ- -hy-am-Wv.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

XeapdIfmbn \½psS DÅnÂ Dd§n¡nS¡p¶ ioepIfmWv hr¯§Ä. Bib

kwthZ\¯n\pw, hnImckw{IaW¯n\pw IhnIÄ Cu ioepIsf D]tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶p.

Hmtcm hnImc¯n\pw ]änb Hmtcm cmKw ]m«nse¶ t]mse IhnXbnepw Dv.

DZmlcW¯n\v hk´XneIw þ hk´s¯bpw, kt´mjs¯bpw ka\zbn¡p¶

hr¯amWnXv. Ipamc\mimsâ hoW]qhv Cu hr¯¯nemWv. hntbmKn\n hr¯w ZpxJw

]Icp¶p. Nn´mhnjvSbmb koXbpsS hr¯w hntbmKn\nbmWv. aµm{Im´ ktµi§fnÂ

kzoIcn¡p¶ hr¯amWv. aµambn B{I´\w (IcbpI) F¶mWv aµm{Im´bpsS AÀ°w.

‘aµm{Im´m a`\XXKw \mepamtdgpambvKw’ F¶ e£Ww. \mep hm¡v, Ggp hm¡v

F¶n§s\ bXn hcpw. KZvKZw sImv hm¡pIÄ apdnªp hogp¶p F¶mWv kqN\.

{ZmhnUhr¯§Ä¡pw CXpt]mse AÀ°w ]dbmw. ImIfn InfnIfpsS ]m«mWv.

abnensâ ]m«v tII. aRvPcn ]q¦pebmWv. \tXm¶X. F¶mÂ \Xhpw, D¶Xhpamb coXn.

h©n¸m«nsâ coXnbmWnXv. Xmgv¶pw, DbÀ¶pw t]mIp¶ h©nbpsS Xmf¯n\v CXv

A\ptbmPyamWv.

IhnXbpsS kwthZ\{]{InbbnÂ hr¯¯n\pÅ ]¦v {][m\amWv. KZy¯nÂ ]dbp¶

Imcy§Ä IhnXbnemIpt¼mÄ at\mlcamIp¶Xv t\m¡pI. DZm: Nne¦Ifpw Im©nbpw

i_vZapm¡n F¶v KZyw.

“I\I¨ne¦ Inep§n¡nep§n

Im©\ Im©n Ipep§n¡pep§n”F¶v hr¯¯nem¡pt¼mÄ kpµcamIp¶p. ]cnNbn¡pt¼mÄ Ccp«pw shfn¨ambn

A\p`hs¸Spw F¶ {]kvXmhw.

“Hcpthf ]g¡tadnbmþ

encpfpw sasÃ shfn¨ambv hcmw”F¶v Ccp«nÂ \n¶v ]Xps¡ shfn¨w sXfnbp¶ A\p`hw DWÀ¯ns¡mv Bim³

‘Nn´mhnjvSbmb koX’ bnÂ hntbmKn\n hr¯¯nsâ km[yX

D]tbmKs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p.

B[p\nI IhnIfpw hr¯¯nsâ km[yXIÄ ]co£n¡p¶pv.

“]{´v a¡sfs¸sämct½ þ\nsâ

a¡fnÂ Rm\mWp {`m´³”F¶v a[pkqZ\³ \mbÀ ]mSpt¼mÄ \nsâ F¶ ]Z¯n\v \ÂIp¶ Du¶Â

t\m¡pI. cmas¯ hcnbnÂ {`m´³ F¶p \nÀ¯pt¼mgpw hnImc kw{IaW¯n\v

Du¶Â e`n¡p¶p.

“Ccp«nÂ / Xncpapä¯p /

sImpshbv¡pIbmWp Rm³

]ng¨p / s]sämcn/¸n©p

ss]Xse, Im¯psImÅpI”F¶v s]¬Ipªv 90þIfnÂ F¶ IhnXbnÂ kpKXIpamcn ]ng¨ps]ä A½bpsS

thhemXn hcnIfneqsS ]n´pScp¶p. Ccp«nÂ ]Xps¡ sXfnbp¶ Xncpapäw. AhnsS

ss]Xens\ s]s«¶p sImpshbv¡m\pÅ XnSp¡w. ]ng¨p, s]äp, F¶ s\SphoÀ¸v


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

]n©pss]XemWv F¶ thZ\. Ahkm\w Im¯psImÅpI F¶ {]mÀ°\. FÃmw

hm¡pIfpsS {IaoIcW¯nÂ km[n¨ncn¡p¶p.

“\qdpsh«n\mÂ

XoÀ¡phm\mhnÃ

t\cp Im¡m³

]nd¶ t]mcmfnsb

hoWXÃnh³

hopapbnÀ¡phm³

hn¯pt]mse

adªncn¸ph³”‘càw km£n’ F¶ IhnXbnÂ hocm³Ip«n Xmf¯nsâ km[yXIÄ

D]tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶Xp t\m¡pI. Hcp ap{ZmhmIyw t]mse, {]hN\w t]mse hm¡pIÄ¡v

iàn ]IÀ¶psImv hr¯w IqsSbpv.

]v IhnIÄ EjnXpeycmbncp¶p. PohnX¯nÂ \n¶v amdn \n¶v PohnXs¯

ho£n¡phm\pw, hnebncp¯phm\pw AhÀ¡v km[n¨p. hmevaoIn, hymk³, ImfnZmk³,

Fgp¯Ñ³ F¶nhsc HmÀ¡pI. C¶s¯ Ihn PohnX¯nsâ k¦oÀ®IXIfnÂ

Bpap§n¡gnbpIbmWv. ]s£ Ah\pw hnImc§fpv. Nn´Ifpv. Ah

BhnjvIcn¡m³ Nn«bpÅ, efnXamb hr¯§Ä t]mcm. Ihn IhnX FgpXpIbÃ,

iàamb hnImc§Ä¡v ia\w tXSn IhnX FgpXnt¸mhpIbmWv. C¶s¯ ‘hr¯§Ä¡v

AXpsImp Xs¶ ]gb hr¯§fpsS Nn«bpw, emfnXyhpanÃ. k¦oÀ®amb PohnXw

t]mse k¦oÀ®amb hr¯§fpw B[p\nI Ihn ]co£n¨p t\m¡p¶p. AYhmIhnX

k¦oÀWXmf§fnÂ ]IÀ¶p hogp¶p.

kwkvIrXhr¯§sfbpw {ZmhnUhr¯§sfbpw ]ckv]cw

_Ôs¸Sp¯ns¡mv Hcp Nn´ XpS§nsh¨Xv "{ZmhnUhr¯§fpw AhbpsS

Zim]cnWma§fp' sagpXnb cmahÀ½ A¸³ X¼pcm\mWv. A\pjvTn¸nt\¡mÄ

\ofw Ipdª kwkvIrhr¯§Ä {ZmhnUtcmSv kwkvIrXw ISw

sImXmhmsa¶mWt±l¯nsâ ]£w.: "Kw Xm³ {iobmw' F¶ {iohr¯w

BhÀ¯n¨mÂ XcwKnWnbpw \tXm¶Xbpapm¡mw. kv{Xo hr¯hpw C§s\ cq]w

amämw. \mcohr¯w BhÀ¯n¨mÂ aRvPcnbmIpw. `mjmhr¯§sf¸än IqSpXÂ

]Tn¡p¶ "`mjmhr¯Nn´Ifn'Â ]n. IpªnIrjvWtat\m³ Cu A`n{]mbt¯mSp

tbmPn¡p¶nÃ. ]t£ ""`mjbnse Hs«Ãmhr¯§Ä¡pw kwkvIrX¯nÂ

amXrIIÄ ImWn¡m³ {]bmkanÃ.'' F¶t±lw A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶Xv {i²n¡Ww.

kwkvIrX¯nepw {ZmhnU¯nepw kam\sa¶p ]dbmhp¶ \nch[n hr¯§fpv.

h{àw, kzmKX, kpawKe, aÃnI, CµphX\, i¦cNcnXw, krKznWn, aZ\mÀ¯,

]©Nmacw, ctYm²X, AizKXn, IpkpaaRvPcn, CµphZ\, aÃnI XpS§nbh

DZmlcW§fmWv. ]mSn\o«pI, Ipdp¡pI, hÀW§fnÂ am{Xm\pkmcambn Gä¡pdhp

hcp¯pI, CucSnbm¡pI, ]qÀtÆm¯cmÀ²§Ä tNÀ¯p kamkn¡pI hÀW§Ä

arZphm¡pI XpS§nb "aebmfoIcW' D]m[nIfmWv Chsb

`mjmhr¯§fm¡p¶Xv. `mjmhr¯sa¶p ]dbp¶ XcwKnWnbv¡pw AXnsâ

D]hn`mK§Ä¡pw kam\ambn Fgp]XnÂ]cw kwkvIrXhr¯§fpv. Cu kam\X

hr¯§fpsS DXv]¯nImcW§fntebv¡mWv Nqp¶Xv. s]mXphmb Hcp [À½w


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

Ch cq]s¸Sp¶Xn\p ]n¶nÂ hÀ¯n¨ncn¡Ww. Cu s]mXp[À½w IhnIfpsS

Xmft_m[amWv. `mjmhr¯§fpw kwkvIrX hr¯§fpw ss\kÀ¤nIamb

ASnØm\Xmft_m[¯nÂ \n¶p Xs¶ Dcp¯ncnªhbmbncn¡Ww.

Xmf¯neq¶ns¡mv, hr¯§sf A]{KYn¡m³ ]pds¸«Xv

hr¯inev]Imc\mWv. hr¯inev]¯nsâ kq£vaamb HchtemI\w hr¯§sf

kw_Ôn¨ Nne ]pXnb hnhc§Ä IqSn \ap¡v \ÂIpw. At±lw

hÀWKWhn\ymk{Ia§Ä hn«v hmbv¯mcnXmf{Ia§fnte¡v {i² Xncn¨p.

\qämpIÄ¡p tijw hr¯imkv{X¯nsemcp ]pXpshfn¨w ]c¯p¶Xp

hr¯inev]¯neqsSbmWv. Xmf¯nÂ {i²n¨psh¦nepw Xmfs¯bpw

A£ckwJysbbpw ka\zbn¸n¡p¶ kz`mhw kwkvIrXhr¯§Ä¡ps¶pw,

bXnbpsS Øm\w Cu IW¡\pkcn¨mWv h¶phogpIsb¶pw IqSn ]dªmte

hr¯inev]Nn´IÄ apgph\mIq.

hr¯hpw IhnXbpw

IhnXbv¡v hr¯w Bhiytam? B[p\nIcnÂ A[nIt]cpw hr¯anÃm¯

IhnXIfmWv cNn¡p¶Xv. BZyw hr¯\nba§Ä ]Tn¡mw. XpSÀ¶v hr¯¯nepff

\njv¡ÀjsImv {]No\ IhnIÄ F´p t\Sn F¶p Is¯mw. hr¯¯nsâ

Bhiysa´v F¶v a\Ênem¡m\pÅ BZy]Sn ‘hr¯w F´v?’ F¶v ]Tnbv¡emWv.

hr¯§sf kwkvIrX hr¯w F¶pw, {ZmhnU hr¯w F¶pw cmbn

Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. kwkvIrX hr¯§Ä A£ckwJyb\pkcn¨v KW§fmbn

Xncnt¡nhcp¶hbmWv. \mep hcnIfnepw Htc A£ckwJy h¶mÂ kahr¯w,

AÀ²]mZ§fnÂ kaambn h¶mÂ AÀ[kahr¯w, FÃm hcnbnepw amdnh¶mÂ

hnjahr¯w. hcnIsf ]mZ§Ä F¶p ]dbp¶p. A£c§sf Kpcp, eLp F¶v Xncn¡Ww.

Kpcphn\v cp am{X, eLphn\v Hcp am{X, am{X F¶mÂ I®S¨p Xpd¡p¶ kabw.

Kpcphns\ ZoÀLsa¶p kqNn¸n¡m³ sNdnb t\Àhc tNÀ¡p¶p. eLphns\

{lkzsa¶p ImWn¡m³ hfªhc ∪ tNÀ¡p¶p. kwkvIrX hr¯§fnÂ aq¶£cw

tNcpt¼mÄ Hcp KWw Bbn. Kpcp þ eLq {Iaa\pkcn¨v KW§Ä¡v t]cpv. kwkvIrX

hr¯§fnÂ aq¶£cw tNcpt¼mÄ Hcp KWw Bbn. Kpcp þ eLp {Iaa\pkcn¨v

KW§Ä¡v t]cpv.∪ ∪ `KWw ∪ bKWw aKWw∪ ∪ PKWw ∪ cKWw ∪ ∪ ∪ \KWw∪ ∪ kKWw ∪ XKWw

{ZmhnUhr¯§Ä¡v A£c{IaanÃ. Ah am{Xhr¯§fmWv. Km\¯nse¶t]mse]mSn \o«mw. Kpcp am{XapÅ hr¯§fpv. eLp am{Xamb KW§fpw, KW§Ä amdn amdnhcpw. `mjm hr¯§fnÂ Cu ASn Hcp ioÂ F¶v \nbaanÃ. ioepIÄ tÇmIw t]mse HäXncnbmsX [mcbmbn HgpIpw. {][m\w ]mSm\pÅ km[yXbmWv.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

I kwkvIrX hr¯§Ä

1. A\pjvSp¸v (8 A£cw 4 hcn)

BZy£cw Kpcpthm, eLpthm BImw ]n¶s¯ aq¶£cw \KWtam, k KWtamAhcpXv. FÃm ]Z§fnepw A£c kwJy XpeyamhWw, hnja]mZ§fnÂ (1,3)\me£c¯n\ptijw P KWhpw, k KWhpw hccpXv. ka ]mZ§fnÂ (2,4) \me£cwIgnªv P KWw hcWw. H¶mw A£cw IgnªmÂ \, k, c, KW§Ä DmIcpXv.A´ym£cw CjvSw t]msebmImw. tIÄhnbv¡pff kpJamWv {][m\w.

DZm: “AXn\mÂ \n§fpambm

eh³a\anf¡phn³

Abkv¡m´ {]`mh¯mÂ

Imcncp¼ns\sb¶ t]mÂ ”

ImcnI ]Tn¨p shbv¡q.

GXpamhmamZyhÀ®w, \mk§fXn\¸pdw

FÃm¸mZ¯nepw hÀPyw ]ns¶ \mensâ tijambv

ka¯nÂ PKWw thWw PktamP¯nÂ hÀPyamw

CXmWm\pjvTp`P¯nsâ e£Ww. Ihn k½Xw

t\mt¡Xnl kÀÆ{X tIÄhn¡psffmcp `wKnXm³

2. C{µh{P (11 A£cw)

X Xw P Kpcp Kpcp þ C{µh{P

P Xw P Kpcp Kpcp þ Dt]{µh{P

XXwPKpcpKpcp IeÀ¶ph¶mÂ þ

PXw PKpcpKpcp D]PmXn

DZm: `à{]nb¯mÂ `Khm\pa§

ÊÂ¡mctaÂ¡m\pSt\ Xp\nªm³

sIÂt]mSp ap¸mcpab¡nsb¶

\ÂºmWa±À¸I\pw sXmSp¯m³.

ImcnI

tIÄ C{µh{Pbv¡p XXwPKKw

Dt]{µh{Pbv¡p PXw PKwKw

AtX{µ h{PmJyapt]{µ h{P

IeÀ¶p h¶mep]PmXnbmIpwctYm²X (11 A£cw)

cw \ cw eLp Kpcp.

DZm: bmZhÀ¡p Ipcp]mWvU hmZnbnÂ


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

t`Zsa´p \ncq]n¨p t\m¡pInÂ

tamZtamSnhnsSbmcp ap¼nÂ

h¶mZcn¡pahtcmSp tNcWw.

ImcnI þ cw \cw e Kpcphpw ctYm²X

4. {ZpXhnfw_nXw (12 A£cw)

\ ` ` cw

DZm: iaeamÀ¶nSpao hnjb§fnÂ

{`aaI¶n\n \n³ Ir] sImp Rm³

lnaKncn{µkptX ip`]qÀ®\mþ

bacWw acWw hscbpw kpJw

ImcnI: {ZpXhnfw_nXamw \`hpw `cw

5. hk´ XneIw (14 A£cw)

X ` P P Kpcp, Kpcp

DZm: lm ]pjv]ta A[nIXpwK]Z¯nse{X

tim`n¨ncp¶nsXmcp cmÚn IW¡tb \o

{io `qhneØnc akwiban¶p\nsâ

bm`qXnsb§p ]p\sc§p InS¸ntXmÀ¯mÂ

ImcnI þ sNmÃmw, hk´XneIw X`PwPKwKw

imÀ±qe hn{IoUnXw (19 A£cw)

a k P k X Xm Kpcp

DZm: cmhnt¸mÄ £Was§mSpan§Sp apjsÊ§pw {]Imin¨nSpw

tZh³ kqcy\pZn¡pan¡aehpw Imte hnf§nSpta

Ghw sam«n\I¯ncp¶fn at\mcmPyw XpS§oSth

ssZh¯n³ a\amcp Ip ]ngpXm³ Z´o{µ\¸Zv an\nw.

ImcnI: ]{´mÂ akPw kXwX Kpcphpw

imÀ±qe hn{IoUnXw.

7. {kKv²c: (21 A£cw)

a, c,`, \, b, b, bv


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

DZm: XmcnÂ¯\zn ISm£m©e a[p]Ipemcma cmamP\\m\mw

\ocnÂ¯mÀ_mW, sshcmIc\nIcXtam aWvUeow NWvU`mt\m

t\c¯mtXmcp \obmw sXmSpIpdn IfbmbvsI¶ptajmIÀfn¡pw

t\c¯n¶n¸pdw hn{Ia\phc [cm l´ Iev]m´ tXmtb

ImcnI: Gtggmbv aq¶p JWvUw ac`\bbbw {kKv[cm hr¯amIpw.

8. IpkpaaRvPcn (21 A£cw)

c, \, c, \, c, \, c

DZm: IWvT\mfagInÂ¯ncn¨\p]Zw cYw ]ndInÂ t\m¡nbpw

IpWvT\mbv ic`tb\ ]rjvTaXp ]qÀImbKXam¡nbpw

CÂsImp hnhytXm·pJmÂ ]Yn Nh¨ ZÀ`IÄ ]Xn¡th

IpsImÄI IpXnsImp In©n Zh\u Zriw \`kn[mhXn

ImcnI: cw\cw \c\cw \nc¶phcpsa¦ntem IpkaaRvPcn

hntbmKn\n (1þ3þ10 A£cw, 2þ4 11 A£cw)

hnja]mZ§fnÂ þ k k P þ Kpcp (1þ3)

ka]mZ§fnÂ þ k ` c, eLp, Kpcp (2þ4)

DZm: IcpWmarX t[mcWn¡tlm

hcpWmhmkaXmb tZhXm

AcpWm[cn hmWnsb¶pta

XcWw ta {]Xn`m KpW§sf

ImcnI: hnjta kkw PKhpw kta

k`cweKpcphpw hn\ntbmKn\n

10. ]pjv]nXm{K (1þ3, 12 A£cw 2þ4þ13 A£cw)

hnja]mZ§fnÂ þ \ \ c b þ (1þ3)

ka]mZ§fnÂ þ \, P, P, c, Kpcp (2þ4)

DZm: KW]Xn `Khm\pa_vPtbm\n

{]Wbn\nbmInb tZhn hmWnXm\pw

KpW\n[n Kpcp\mY\pw kZmta

XpWbcpfoSpI Imhy_Ô\mÀ°w

ImcnI: \\cb hnja¯nepw ka¯nÂ

]p\cnl\w PPcwK ]pjv]nXm{K

kwkvIrXhr¯§Ä Xncn¡pt¼mÄ {i²nt¡ Imcy§Ä

BZyw A£c§Ä aq¶p hoXw tNÀ¯v Hcp KWw Dm¡Ww. NnÃpIsf

A£c§fmbn ]cnKWn¡cpXv. Hmtcm hr¯¯nsâbpw A£ckwJy Adnªpsh¨mÂ

GXp hr¯amWv F¶v Duln¡m³ Ignbpw. C\n Hmtcm KW¯n\pw BZyKpcp, a²yKpcp,


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

A´yKpcp F¶ \nebnÂ `, P, k F¶pw BZy eLp, a[yeLp, A´yeLp F¶ \nebnÂ

b, c, X F¶pw t]cnSWw. KW¯nÂ FÃmw KpcphmbmÂ a KWw FÃmw eLphmbmÂ

\ IWw.

1. DZmlcWambn, imÀ±qehn{IoUnXw FSp¡mw (19 A£cw)

a k P k X X Kpcp

þ þ þ ∪ ∪ þ ∪ þ ∪ ∪ ∪ þ þ þ ∪ þ þ ∪cmhnt¸mÄ / £Wa/ s§mSp§n/Spapj/sÊ§pw {]/ Imin¨n/Spw

NnÃpw, Iq«£chpw ]n³h¶mÂ eLp Kpcphmbncn¯ocpw. Iq«£cs¯ ]s£

lrkzambn Xs¶ KWn¡Ww. lrkzw eLp Xs¶. ZoÀL§sfÃmw Kpcphmbn hcpw.

]{´v A£c¯n\p tijw bXn AYhm JWvUw Ipd¨v \nÀ¯n sNmÃWw F¶v

AÀ°w

2) DZmlcW¯n\v Hcp AÀ² kahr¯w IqSn FSp¡mw.

]pjv]nXm{K (1þ3 12 A£cw 2þ4 þ 13 A£cw)

\ \ c b∪ ∪ ∪ ∪ ∪ ∪ þ ∪ þ ∪ þ þ

KW]/ Xn`K/hm\pa/ _vPtbm\n

\ P P c Kpcp

{]Wbn/\nbmIn/btZhn/hmWnXm/\pw

\ c b

KpW\n /[nKpcp /\mY\pw /kZmta

P P c Kpcp

XpWb/cpfoSp/I Imhy /_Ô\mÀ/°w

1-þ3 hcnIfnÂ 12 A£cw

2þ4 hcnIfnÂ 13 A£cw

II `mjmhr¯§Ä

Infn¸m«phr¯§Ä

1. ImIfn

am{Xb©£cw ap¶nÂ

hcpt¶mcp KW§sf

F«ptNÀ¯pÅocSnbv¡v

sNmÃmw ImIfnsb¶p t]À

DZm: imcnIss¸Xte Nmcp iote hcn

Imtcmate IYm tijnhpw sNmÃq \o

2. IfIm©n

ImIfnbpsS BZy]Z¯nÂ ctm aqt¶m KW§Ä eLpabambmÂ (5 eLp)

IfIm©n.

3. aWnIm©n

ImIfnbpsS ]mZ§Ä cpw Hcp KWw hoXw eLpabambmÂ (5 eLp) aWnIm©n


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

4. an{iImIfn

ImIfnbpsS cp ]mZ¯nepw {IaanÃm¯ eLpabKW§Ä h¶mÂ an{iImIfn.

5. Du\ImIfn

ImIfnbpsS cmas¯ hcnbnÂ Hc£cw IpdªmÂ Du\ ImIfn

6. {ZpXImIfn

ImIfnbpsS cp hcnbnepw Hmtcm A£cw IpdªmÂ {ZpX ImIfn

(ImIfnbv¡p A£cw aq¶p tNÀ¶mÂ Hcp KWambn. Cu KW¯nÂ 5 am{X hcWw.

eLpab KW¯nÂ aq¶ne[nIw A£cw Hcp KW¯nÂ DmIpw.)

7. KmY (aRvPcn)

ÇYImIfnbnÂ cmw ]mZ¯nÂ c£cw IpdªmÂ KmYmhr¯ambn.

ÇYImIfnbnÂ Hcp KW¯nÂ 6 am{XbmImw.

DZm: ta\I ap³]mb am\n\namcpsS þ 12 A£cw

ta\nsb \nÀ½n¨m³ amXrIbmbv þ 10 A£cw

8. tII

aq¶pw cpw cpw aq¶pw cpw css¶gp¯pIÄ

]Xn\men¶mdpKWw ]mZw cnepsam¶pt]mÂ

Kpcpshms¶¦nepw thWw amdmtXmtcm KW¯nepw

\Sp¡pbXn ]mZmXns¸mcp¯anXp tIIbmw

DZm: 3 2 2 3 2 2

i{It\m/IrXm/´t\m/]mintbm/Ipt_/ct\m

bXn

ZpjvIrXw sNbvXXh³ / Xs¶ Rms\mSp¡psh³

14 A£cw 7 A£cw IgnªmÂ sXÃv \nÀ¯Ww þ (bXn)

9. A¶\S

eLp]qÀhw Kpcp]caoa«nÂ Zz£c KWw

Bsd®w a²ybXnbmeÀ²nXw apdn cnepw

Bcwt` \nbaw \rXyanX¶Ssb¶ ioÂ

DZm: hnhn[an¯cw ]dªp tIgpt¶m

ccNs\s¯mgpXpc sNbvXm³ kqX³

10. XcwKnWn

Zznam{Xw KWsas«®w bXna²yw XcwKnWn

DZm: AWnaXnIebpw kpchmln\nbpw

^Wn]XnKbW^WaWnIfpaWnbpw

Du\XcwKnWn þ XcwKnWnbpsS cmw ]mZ¯nÂ cp KWw IpdªmÂ Du\XcwKnWn.

11. kÀ¸nWn

Zz£cw KWsam¶mZyw {Xy£cw aq¶XnÂ]cw

KW§Ä¡mZyKpcphmw thsdm¶pw {Xy£c§fnÂ

atäXpw kÀÆKpcphmbv hcmw tIfnXp kÀ¸nWn

DZm: Ggp kmKctaJebmIpt¶m


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

cpgnX¶ne \ndbp¶ temItc

GgtImgIÄ IqSmsX c£n¨p

\mgnItXmdpw cmPmhp tKmhnµ.

12. \tXm¶X

KWw Zz£csas«®w H¶mw ]mZ¯nÂ aäXnÂ

KWamdc \nÂt¡Ww cpsa«maX£tc

KpcpXs¶ Fgps¯Ãmw CÈoen³ t]À \tXm¶Xm

1. Infn¸m«phr¯§Ä

Xp©s¯gp¯Ñ³ Infn¸m«pIfnÂ kzoIcn¨ hr¯§fmWnh. ImIfn, aWnIm©n,

an{iImIfn, Du\ImIfn, {ZpXImIfn, A¶\S, tII ChsbÃmw Fgp¯Ñ³ Infn¸m«pIfnÂ

kzoIcn¨n«pv.

2. KmY þ aRvPcn

IrjvWKmY Xmcm«nsâ hr¯¯nemWv. ÇYImIfnbpsS cmw ]mZ¯nÂ c£cw

IpdªmÂ KmYbmbn.

3. XcwKnWn

Ip©³\¼ymÀ XpÅÂ¸m«pIÄ¡mbn kzoIcn¨ hr¯§fmWv XcwKnWnbpw,

hIt`Z§fpw.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

tamUyqÄ þ 4

{]mNo\Imew apXÂt¡ ImhyhnÚm\¯nsâ t]cv ‘Ae¦mcimkv{Xw’F¶mbncp¶p. kmlnXyNnÍ·msc Be¦mcnI·mÀ F¶pw hnfn¨p t]m¶p.Imhy¯nÂ klrZb\v BËmZw \ÂIp¶ F´pw Ae¦mcambn KWn¡s¸«ncp¶p.Ae¦mcw sImv Fńs\sb¦nepw Ae¦cn¡Ww. Imhy¯nÂ cks¯bmWvAe¦cnt¡Xv F¶ [mcW iàambncp¶p. F¦nepw ]nÂ¡me¯v ]Tn¡m\pÅkuIcy¯n\pthn, Ae¦mc§Ä¡v e£y þe£W§Ä IÂ]n¨p. e£W§Ät\m¡n Ae¦mc§Ä \nÀ®bn¡pI, Hce¦mchpw, asämce¦mchpw X½nepÅhyXymkw ]cntim[n¡pI, Ae¦mc§fpsS F®hpw KpWhpw t\m¡n IhnXbpsSaqeyw \nÀ®bn¡pI F¶o coXnIÄ IS¶p h¶p.

F´mbncp¶p {]mNo\me¦mcnI·mcpsS ]£w?

1. Imhy¯nse Ae¦mc§Ä cks¯ ]cnt]mjn¸n¡Ww.

2. Ae¦mc§Ä anXamIWw.

3. HuNnXyw ]ca{][m\amWv. ]mZkcw Igp¯nepw tXmÄhf Imenepw, ameAcbnepw sI«nbmÂ icnbmhnÃ Xs¶. ck¯n\v t]mjIamb Ae¦mc§Ä BImw.

4.i_vZme¦mc§Äþ{]tXyIn¨v BZy£c{]mkw, ZznXobm£c{]mkw F¶nhIhnXbv¡v amäpIq«p¶p. (14mw \qämnÂ Ch tam\, FXpI F¶v Adnbs¸«p.)

5. i_vZme¦mc§Ä A[nIamIcpXv. baIw, ivtfjw, A\p{]mkw Chsbms¡CSbv¡v BImw.

6. Imhy¯nsâ emhWys¯ ]cnt]mjn¸n¡p¶ Ae¦mc§Ä Agns¨Sp¯v]cntim[n¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

i_vZme¦mc§Ä

IhnX a\ÊpsImv hmbn¡mw; Dds¡ hmbn¡pIbpw sN¿mw. GXphn[¯nembmepw i_vZme¦mc§Ä¡v {]kànbpv. aÕcn¨v IhnX cNn¡pIbpw,]mSn ckn¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶ Ime¯v baIw, A\p{]mkw, tOIm\p{]mkw F¶oi_vZme¦mc§tfmSv IhnIÄ¡v \Ã {àw Dmbncp¶p. ZznXobm£c{]mkw,BZy£c {]mkw F¶nh 12þmw \qämnse cmaNcnXw apXÂ¡v IhnXIfnÂ ImWmw.

BZyIme¯v IhnX ]Tnbv¡m\pw Hcp ‘]m«n’ \p tijw ASp¯ ]m«v HmÀ½nbv¡m\pwC¯cw {]mk§Ä klmbn¨ncp¶ncn¡mw. "eoemXneI'¯nÂ ]m«nsâ e£Ww

]dbpt¼mÄ ‘{ZmanU kwLmXm£csaXpI tam\, hr¯hntijbpàw ]m«v’ F¶vZznXobm£c {]mks¯bpw, BZy£c{]mks¯bpw FSp¯pImWn¡p¶pv.

]nÂ¡me¯v IhnIÄ {]mkw H¸n¡p¶Xn\pthn \ncÀ°Iamb ]Z§ÄtNÀ¯p XpS§n. i_vZ`wKnbv¡¸pdw `mh`wKn Fs¶m¶ps¶pw,i_vZ`wKnbv¡pthn `mh`wKn \jvSs¸Sp¯cpsX¶pw klrZbÀ hmZn¨p.ZznXob£c {]mkw IhnXbv¡v Hgn¨p IqSm\mhm¯ LSIamsW¶v asämcp Iq«cpwhmZn¨p. CXmWv {]kn²amb ZznXobm£c{]mkhmZw. ZznXobm£c{]mkanÃmsXIhnX cNn¨v Hcp Iq«À apt¶dn. `mh`wKnbmWv {][m\w F¶p hmZn¨hcnÂ {]apJ³F.BÀ. cmPcmPhÀ½bmbncp¶p.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

{]mkhmZw sI«S§n hÀj§Ä Ignª tijw C¶p Nn´n¡pt¼mÄi_vZme¦mc§Ä¡v IhnXbnÂ khntijØm\aps¶p Xs¶ Is¯mw.Ne¨n{XKm\§fnÂ ]eXcw {]mk`wKnIÄ sXfnªphcp¶Xv {i²n¨n«ntÃ. IhnXkzm`mhnIambn hmÀ¶p hogpt¼mÄ i_vZhpw Xmfhpw Iecp¶Xmbpw IWmw.

ZznXobm£c{]mkw

Ipamc\mimsâ ‘Nn´mhnjvSbmb koX’ Bcw`n¡p¶Xv C§s\bmWv:

kpXÀam\p\ntbmStbm²ybnÂ

KXcmtbmcfhs¶mc´nbnÂ

AXnNn´hln¨p koX t]mbv

ØnXn sNbvXmfpSPm´hmSnbnÂ

Ipamc\mimsâ an¡ hcnIfpw CXpt]mse ZznXob£c{]m+kZo£bnÂ {i²n¨n«pv.

‘Imhyw kptKbw IY cmLhobw

IÀ¯mhp Xp©¯pfhmb Znhy³

sNmÃp¶tXm `ànab kzc¯nÂ

B\µe_v[nbv¡n\nsb´p thWw!’ F¶v ‘Hcp tXmWnbm{X’ bnÂ Ipdn¨hÅt¯mÄ BIs« i_vZ`wKnbmWv \njvIÀjn¨Xv.

A\´, aÚmX, ahÀW\obþ

aotemItKmfw Xncnbp¶ amÀ¤w

AXn¦se§msmcnS¯ncp¶p

t\m¡p¶ aÀ¯y³ IYsb´p Ip!

F¶p \me¸m«p \mcmbWtat\m³ ‘I®p\oÀ¯pÅn’ bnÂ ZznXob£c{]mkwDt]£n¡p¶p.

B[p\nI IhnIÄ ]e Xc¡mcmWv. NneÀ¡v C¶pw ZznXobIm£c{]mkw \nÀ_ÔamWv.A[nIw t]cpw {]mk§fpsS \nbaw A\pkcn¡m¯hcmWv. F¦nepw i_vZ`wKn sImv`mh`wKn t\Sm³ Ignbpw F¶v Ahcpw hnizkn¡p¶pv.

“\½Ä Xpd¡pw hmsbÃmw

\½psS hmZw hmInfntb

\½Ä ]nSn¡pw apben¶v

\½psS aps¡m¼n¡nfntb .. ” F¶v ‘_º`’ F¶ IhnXbnÂ A³hÀ Aen\mS³]m«nsâ CuWt¯msSm¸w ZzXobm£c{]mk¯nsâ ku`mKhpw tNÀ¯Xv {i²n¡pI.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

baIw

]eamXncn baIw Dv. ctm, AXne[nItam A£c§sf¯s¶ A\p{IawsXämsX H¶mbn«v BhÀ¯n¡p¶XmWv Hcp Xcw baIw. A£c¡q«w \mep ]Z¯nepwAÀ°hyXymkt¯msS BhÀ¯n¨mÂ asämcp Xcw baIw.

‘ameXo aeÀ tNÀs¶mcp

ameXo Pzmesb¶t]mÂ

amemeXobnht\Ip¶p

ameXo Xpeysb§p \o’

{]kn²amb DZmlcWamWv. i_vZ¡kÀ¯pIÄ \S¯m³ CjvSapÅ Ip©³ \¼ymÀ

‘cmt£mKWw ]£nXc£p Pmew

hr£§fpw ]£nIÄ Iq£nPmew’

F¶n§s\ ]eXcw i_vZ`wKnIÄ ]co£n¨n«pv. B[p\nI IhnXbnepw C¯cw`wKnIÄ ]co£n¡s¸Sp¶pv.

‘aWnsb¡tm? aWnsb¡tm?

amae\mSn³ _vfm¡v aWnbmIpw

aÕcaWnsb Itm?

F¶p tNmZn¡p¶ sN½\w Nmt¡m i_vZ¯nsâ BhÀ¯\w ]co£n¡p¶Xv t\m¡q.

‘AbebpsS ihaÃ

Abes¯ ihamWv’

F¶v {]Xm]v tPmk^v ‘sh«phgn¡hnXIfnÂ Xm\dnbmsX BhÀ¯n¡p¶XpwC¯csamcp i_vZme¦mcamWv.

Ae¦mc§Ä F´n\v?

Ihn Hc\p`hw hmb\¡mc\ntebv¡v kwthZ\w sN¿m\mWv {ian¡p¶Xv.hnImckw{IaWamWv IhnXbpsS e£yw. hnNmc§sf¡qSn hnImc§fnÂ ebn¸n¨v]Icm\pÅ {iaamWv IhnbptSXv. GXp hnImc kw{IaW¯n\pw `mj A]cym]vXamWv.

(kvt\lw F¶ hnImcs¯ hm¡pIfnÂ ]Icm³ {ian¨pt\m¡q. ‘I Love You’ F¶v]dbp¶Xv F{X ]cnlmkyw) At¸mÄ Ihn Nn{X§fpsS Iq«p ]nSn¡p¶p. kam\ambImcy§Ä tNÀ¯p ]dbp¶p. AhbmWv Ae¦mc§Ä.

1. ‘tI«n«ntÃ XpSnsIm«pw IeÀ

t¶m«p Nne¼n³ Ie¼epIÄ’


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

F¶v ]qX¸m«nÂ CStÈcn i_vZme¦mc¯neqsS ]qX¯nsâ hchv tIÄ¡m¯hscbpwtIÄ¸n¡p¶p.

2. ‘I\yIamÀ¡p \hm\pcmK§Ä

I{atimW kv^SnIhfIÄ’

F¶v ‘IpSnsbmgn¡Â’ F¶ IhnXbnÂ A\pcmK¯nsâ C¶s¯ AhØ Npcp¡whm¡pIfnsemXp¡m³ sshtem¸nÅnbpsS Ae¦mc¯n\v km[yambn.

3. ‘aªs¯¨n¸q¦pe t]mse

aRvPna hnScpw ]peÀImte’

N§¼pgbpsS ‘a\kzn\nbv¡v DNnXhpw A\p`hthZyhpamb ]Ým¯esamcp¡n.

4. ‘PeIWnI t]mse Xfsa³ hmgvhns\mcp

\fn\Zeambn \o Xm§mbn \nev]Xpw’

F¶v H.F³.,hn \izcamb PohnXNn{Xw ‘`qanbs¡mcp NcaKoX’ ¯nÂ hc¨pIm«n.A\yYmKl\amb Hcmibw ChnsS efnXambn.

5. Imesa³ incÊn¦eWnbnbv¡bmbv apÃame

^me¯nÂ tNÀ¯p Ignªp hc¡pdn’ ‘Fsâ thfn’ F¶ IhnXbnÂ Pn.i¦c¡pdp¸vhmÀ²Iys¯ asämcp ImgvN¸mSnÂ ImWpamdm¡n.

6. ‘kz]v\tam’ cm¡n\mhpIfÃo

kp{]`mX¯nÂ ]qhpIsfÃmw?

F¶v ‘IpSnsbmgn¡en'Â sshtem¸nÅn {]IrXnbnÂ \ns¶mcp ]mTw PohnX¯n\vAe¦mc¯neqsS \ÂIn.

7. ‘Dcp¡nSp¶p angn\ocnen«p

ap¡p¶p apäw `qhss\Iinev]n

a\pjylr¯mw I\Is¯tbtXm

]Wn¯c¯n¶p]bpàam¡m³

F¶v PohnX¯nÂ \n¶p e`n¨ A\p`h]mTw \me¸m«p\mcmbWtat\m³

‘I®p\oÀ¯pÅn’ bnÂ Hce¦mc¯neqsS XXzNn´bpsS \nehmc¯ntebv¡v DbÀ¯p¶p.

B[p\nI IhnXbpw Ae¦mc§fpw

B[p\nI IhnbpsS PohnXw k¦oÀ®amWv. k¦oÀWamb hnImc§sf,A\p`h§sf, Nn´Isf IhnXbnÂ ]Icm³ B[p\nI Ihnbpw Ae¦mc§sf


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

Iq«p]nSn¡p¶p. Iq«p]nSn¡p¶p F¶Ã ]dtbXv, kmtaymànIÄ IhnXtbmsSm¸w]nd¡p¶p. Agn¨v FSp¯v ]cntim[n¨v e£yþ e£W§Ä \nÀ®bn¡m³ ]änbAe¦mc§Ä B[p\nI IhnXbnÂ H«panÃ. IhnX Hscmä Ae¦mcamWv., AYhm_nw_amWv. B[p\nI Ihn an¯pIsfbpw [mcmfambn D]tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶pv.

DZmlcWambn, kpKXIpamcnbpsS ‘cm{Xnag’ t\m¡mw. ‘Np½msX tIWpw,

apSnbn«pe¨pw’ - hcp¶ cm{Xnag --þ bphXnbmw {`mńsbt¸mse þ bphXnsb {`mńbm¡p¶

PohnX kmlNcy§Ä apgph³ ‘cm{Xnag’ F¶ _nw_¯nÂ DÄt¨cp¶p. D]a. DÂt{]£,

kmtaymàn F¶n§s\ Hcp t]cn«pw hnfn¡m³ Ignbm¯ ‘Ae¦mc’ amWv ‘cm{Xnag’.

‘ImfnbaÀ±\w’ F¶ IhnXbnÂ Pohmßmhnsâ Alw`mhw, {ioIrjvWsâ

ImÂ¡ogneaÀ¶ ImfnbtâXpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯p¶p. ChnsS ‘an¯v’ IhnXbpsS

ku`mKyambn, ‘Ae¦mc’ ambn¯ocp¶p.

Bip]{Xn kµÀin¡m³ t]mIpt¼mÄ ssIbnÂ IcpXnb ‘a[pc\mc§Isf¡pdn¨v’dô¡v Al½Zv ]dbp¶Xv t\m¡pIþF´p \Ã \ndw, F´p \Ã BIrXn, lmbv, Fs´mcpkpKÔw! ]s£ Bip]{XnbpsS ZpÀ¤Ô¯n\pw, hnem]kzc§Ä¡panSbnÂ Ah hoWpt]mbtÃm! Ip\nªp FSp¡m³ {ian¡pt´mdpw DcpIep¶tÃm!

IhnXbv¡v hr¯w thtWm? Ae¦mc§Ä e£Wsam¸n¨v IhnXbnÂFgpXnt¨À¡Wtam? C§s\ ]pXnb \ne]mSpIfnÂ Nn´ F¯n\nÂ¡p¶ CukµÀ`¯nÂ, hr¯s¯ ]änbpw, Ae¦mcs¯¡pdn¨pw B[nImcnIambn ]dªBNmcy\mWv G.BÀ.cmPcmPhÀ½. tIcf]mWn\obw cNn¨ G.BÀ.cmPcmPhÀ½

hymIcW¯nÂ \n¶v hnSpÀ¯n, Ae¦mc]T\¯n\v ‘`mjm`qjWw’F¶ ]pkvXIhpw,

hr¯]T\¯n\v ‘hr¯aRvPcn’ F¶ ]pkvXIhpw cNn¨p.

`mjm`qjWw

‘`mjm`qjW’¯nÂ Ae¦mc¯n\p \ÂIp¶ \nÀhN\w C§s\bmWv. AXvImcnIbpsS cq]¯nemWv.

“i_vZmÀ°§fnÂ shs¨m¶nÂ

hmNyambn«ncp¶nSpw

NaÂ¡mcw Nabv¡p¶

a«e¦mcambXv.”

hniZoIcWw

‘NaÂ¡mcw Nabv¡p¶ a«v’ BWv Ae¦mcw. F´mWv NaÂ¡mcw? B`cW§Äkuµcy¯n\v amäpIq«p¶p. bYmhn[n B`cW§Ä AWnª kuµcyhXnsb ImWpt¼mÄ\ap¡v BËmZw DmIp¶p. AXpt]mse, IhnXbnÂ tNÀ¶p hcp¶, BËmZapfhm¡p¶[À½amWv Ae¦mcw. Hcp kv{Xosb at\mlcamb BSbm`cW§Ä AWnbn¨v kuµcy¯n\vamäv Iq«pt¼msebmWv Imhy¯nÂ Ae¦mc§Ä {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

Ae¦mcw i_vZs¯tbm, AÀ°s¯tbm B{ibn¨p hcmw. “imcnIss¸Xte

Nmcpiote hcnImtcmate” F¶v Fgp¯Ñ³ Infn¸m«nÂ Infnsb hnfn¡p¶Xn\vBËmZIcamb i_vZkuµcyapv. Nne hcnIfnÂ i_vZ§Ä¡mhnÃ, AÀ°¯n\mhpwkuµcyw. AÀ°w {Kln¡pt¼mÄ klrZb\v BËmZapmIp¶p.

‘A³]nepdp¼pIÄ¡v BIam\w

Xp¼IÄ tNmdp hnf¼n \n¶p’

F¶v ]n. Ipªncma³ \mbÀ FgpXnbXv hmbn¡pt¼mÄ \ap¡pmIp¶XvAÀ°w {Kln¨Xnsâ BËmZamWv.

‘hmNyambn«ncp¶nSpw a«v’ am{Xta Ae¦mc¯nsâ KW¯nÂ s]Sq F¶v G.BÀ.]dbp¶p. hmNyw F¶pw, hywKyw F¶pw AÀ°¯n\v cp hn`mKapv. hmNyambXns\am{Xta ]T\¯n\v D]tbmKn¡m\mIq. hywKyw Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw hyXykvXambncn¡pw.Bß\njvThpw, B\µkzcq]hpamb NaXvImc§fmWv [z\n. Ahsb Ae¦mc§fpsSIq«¯nÂ G.BÀ. DÄs¸Sp¯p¶nÃ.

Npcp¡¯nÂ, IhnXbnÂ i_vZcq]¯ntem, AÀ°cq]¯ntem tNÀ¡p¶

khntijXIfmWv Ae¦mc§Ä. ‘Im¡ Idp¯n«mWv’ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv hmkvXhamb HcpImcyw.

‘Iqcncp«nsâ InSm¯n,

F¶mÂ kqcy{]Imi¯n\pä tXmgn’

F¶v sshtem¸nÅn ]dbpt¼mÄ ckw tXm¶p¶p icnbmWv, Im¡sb¸än F´p`wKnbmbn ]dªp. CXphsc Bcpw C§s\ ]dªptI«n«nÃtÃm, Fs¶ms¡ \ap¡vtXm¶p¶p. klrZb\v BËmZw Dm¡p¶ C¯cw khntijXIsf Ae¦mcw F¶p]dbp¶p.

G.BÀ. Ae¦mc§sf kmtaymàn, AXnitbmàn, hmkvXthmàn, ivtftjmànF¶n§s\ \membn hn`Pn¡p¶p.

I kmtaymàn hn`mKw

km[mcW PohnX¯nÂ Hcp hkvXp ImWpt¼mÄ asäm¶ns\ HmÀ½ hcmw. kmZriywtXm¶mw. aWÂ ImWpt¼mÄ ]©kmc¯cn t]mse F¶p tXm¶mw. ]t£ AXnÂklrZb\v BËmZw tXm¶p¶ H¶panÃ. kmayw sImv BËmZapfhm¡p¶Ae¦mc§fmWv kmtaymàn Ae¦mc§Ä.

kmtaymànsb¸än ]Tn¡pt¼mÄ \mep LSI§Ä HmÀ½ thWw. H¶v D]an¡s¸Sp¶hkvXp.AXv D]tabw. cv, F´nt\mSmWv kmayw tXm¶p¶Xv, B hkvXp D]am\w.cn\pw kmayw tXm¶Wsa¦nÂ Nne kz`mh{]tXyIXIÄ DmIWatÃm. AXv km[mcW

[À½w. D]an¡p¶Xn\v ‘t]mse’, ‘kaw’ F¶n§s\ Nne hm¡pIÄ tNÀ¡WatÃm. AhD]amhmNI§Ä.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

1. D]a

‘a¶th{µm hnf§p¶p

N{µs\t¸mse \n³apJw’

CXnÂ a¶th{µsâ apJw D]tabw. N{µ³ D]am\w. hnf§Â km[mcW [À½w.

‘t]mse’ D]amhmNIw.

C\n ‘asªs¯¨n¸q¦pe t]mse

aRvPna hnScpw ]peÀImte’

F¶o hcnIfnse D]am\w, D]tabw, D]amhmNIw, km[mcW [À½w F¶nh kzbwIp]nSn¨p t\m¡q.

Cu \mep LSIhpw tNÀ¶Xv ]qÀt®m]a. Hcp LSIsa¦nepw IpdªmÂep]vtXm]a.

2. cq]Iw

H¶v asäm¶v t]msebmsW¶v Ae¦mc cq]¯nÂ ]dbp¶XmWv D]a. H¶p asäm¶pXs¶bmsW¶p ]dbp¶Xv cq]Iw. a¶th{µsâ apJw N{µs\t¸mse F¶p ]dªmÂ D]a.a¶th{µsâ apJw N{µ³ Xs¶ F¶p ]dªmÂ cq]Iw.

‘kwkmcamw kmKc¯nþ

ewkm´w aps§mem ktJ’

F¶XmWv {]kn²amb DZmlcWw. kwkmcw kmKcw Xs¶bmWv, HcphyXymkhpanÃ F¶mWv ]dbp¶Xv.

‘amXmhnsâ hmÕeyZpKv[w \pIÀ¶mte

ss]X§Ä ]qÀ® hfÀ¨ t\Sq’

Cu hcnIfnse hmÕeyZpKv[w D]abÃ. cq]IamWv F¶v Is¯pI.

3. DÂt{]£

Hcp hkvXp Iv, asäm¶mtWm F¶v _eambn i¦n¡emWv DÂt{]£. cn\pws]mXpthbpÅ [À½§Ä IXpsImmWv B kwibw _eh¯mIp¶Xv.

‘tImI{io hncl¯obn³

]pIbtÃm XaÊnXv’

F¶Xv DZmlcWamWv. N{IhmI§Ä hn«p]ncnªXnsâ ZpxJw XobmWv. AXnsâ]pIbtÃ Ccp«v F¶v _eambn kwibn¡p¶p. ]pIbv¡pw, Ccp«n\pw X½nepÅ kmaywsImmWv Cu kwibw DmIp¶Xv. Cu Ae¦mcw BËmZapfhm¡pIbpw sN¿p¶pv.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

“{]nbsamgn h\tZhtcmXnSpt¼mÄ

kzbaY s]m§n It]mX lpX tLmjw

{]nb\psS IYt]mÂ {]hr²cmKw

IpbnepIÄ ]mSn Iplp Iplp \n\mZw”

Bimsâ eoebnÂ h\tZhXamÀ {]nbw ]dbpIbtÃ F¶v InfnIfpsS i_vZwtIÄ¡pt¼mÄ _eambn kwibn¡p¶p.

D]abnÂ kmZriyw tXm¶tebpÅq. cq]I¯nÂ kwibanÃ. H¶p Xs¶bmWvasäm¶v. DÂt{]£bnÂ cn\pw X½nepÅ kz`mhkmZriyw ImcWw H¶p Xs¶btÃ atäXvF¶v kwibw tXm¶p¶p.

4. {]XnhkvXp]a

{]XnhkvXp F¶mÂ ]cymbw F¶À°w. D]am\¯nepw D]tab¯nepw Htckm[mcW [À½apv F¶v ]cymb§fp]tbmKn¨p ]dªmÂ {]XnhkvXp]a F¶Ae¦mcambn.

{io h©n`q]\pÅt¸mÄ

{ioam\]cs\ń\v

Imcysańl Zo]¯mÂ

IXntcm³ Imń Nn´th

h©n`q]t\bpw, IXntcms\bpw ASp¯Sp¯psh¨v, A]cs\ń\v, Imcysańl F¶n§s\]cymb§fneqsS ImńNn´pI F¶ km[mcW [À½w cn\papv F¶v ]dªncn¡p¶p.

‘hnjhÃnIÄ Nqgp¶ Znhy

Huj[n IW¡h³

ZÀin¨m³ cm£kkv{XoIÄ

hfªoSp¶ koXsb’

NqgpI, hfbpI F¶nh ]cymb]Z§fmWtÃm. {]XnhkvXp]abnÂ D]am\s¯bpw,D]tabs¯bpw ASp¯Sp¯v sh¨mÂ am{Xw t]mc. km[mcW [À½s¯ cp]cymb]Z§Ä tNÀ¯v LSn¸n¡pIbpw thWw.

5. ZrjvSm´w

D]am\hpw, D]tabhpw ASp¯Sp¯v shbv¡pI am{Xw sNbvXmÂ ZrjvSmámbn.CXn\v I®mSnbnse¶t]mse _nw_, {]Xn_nw_`mhw F¶p]dbpw.

‘IoÀ¯nimen `hm³ Xs¶

Imńimen kp[mwip Xm³’


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

BWv {]kn²amb DZmlcWw. `hms\bpw, kp[mwiphns\bpw ASp¯Sp¯vshbv¡p¶p. HcmÄ IoÀ¯nimenbmWv. asäbmÄ ImńimenbmWv. km[mcW [À½w]cymb]Z§Ä AÃ.

“l´! lwkta Nn´sb´p tX?

F¶psS lrZb a\y\nemtam?

AÀ®hw X¶netÃm \nav\K tNÀ¶p Rmbw

A\yYm hcp¯phm³ Ip¶p apXnÀ¶oSptam?”

‘\fNcnX’¯nÂ Zabń lwkt¯mSp ]dbp¶ hcnIfmWnh. Xsâ a\ÊvA\y\nem¡m³ BÀ¡pw km[yaÃ. CXp]dªtijw {]Xn_nw_ `mh¯nÂ kap{Zw, \Zn,Ip¶v F¶nhsb¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶p.

ZrjvSm´¯nÂ cp Imcy§sf ASp¯psh¡pI am{Xw sN¿p¶p.{]XnhkvXp]abnÂ cns\bpw ]cymb]Z§Ä sImv _Ôn¸n¡p¶p.

6. Zo]Iw

D]am\hpw, D]tabhpv. km[mcW[À½w hyXykvXamWv. F¦nepw Htc {Inbm]ZwsImv cnt\bpw A\zbn¨ncn¡pIbmsW¦nÂ, Ae¦mcw Zo]Iw.

aAZw sImv B\ tim`n¡pw.

HuZmcyw sImv `q]Xn

BWv {]kn²amb DZmlcWw. HcmÄ¡v aZw asäbmÄ¡v HuZmcyw ]s£ cpt]cpwtim`n¡pIbmWv F¶v ckIcambn ]dªncn¡p¶p.

‘hnjvWp cabv¡p, \nibv¡p iim¦þ

\pabv¡p lc³, \ft\mÀ¡nÂ \n\¡pw’

‘\fNcnX’¯nÂ At\Iw Imcy§Ä¡v Htc [À½w F¶v A\zbn¨ncn¡p¶p.Zabń casbt¸mse, cm{Xnsbt¸mse, Dasbt¸msebmsW¶v Cu A\zbw sImvkn²n¡p¶p.

7. A{]kvXpX {]iwk

ChnsS Fńs\¡pdn¨mWv ]dbp¶Xv F¶v hyàam¡p¶nÃ. AXmbXv D]tabw CÃ.]s£ D]am\¯nsâ kqN\sImv \ap¡v Imcyw a\ÊnemIpw, ckhpw DmIpw.

‘sskzcyw arK§Ä hmgp¶p

]cmcm[\sa¶ntb’

BWv {]kn²amb DZmlcWw. arK§Ä¡v sskzcyambn Pohnbv¡mw. BscbpwBcm[nt¡XnÃtÃm F¶p ]dbpt¼mÄ Bscsbms¡tbm hW§n Pohnt¡nhcp¶Xnsâ ZpxJamWv kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv. CXv A{]kvXpX {]iwk.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

‘\·pÃ X¶psS tX\p ImÀhp

\mapÃ tXSptam \mcnamtc’

{ioIrjvW³ a[pcbv¡v t]mbmÂ aS§n hcnÃ F¶p ZpxJn¡pIbmWv tKm]nIamÀ. ]s£AhÀ ]dbp¶Xv \·pÃ, \mapÃ, ImÀhv Fs¶ms¡bmWv. A{]kvXpX{]iwk F¶Ae¦mcw F´msW¶v hyàamtbm?

kmtaymàn Ae¦mc§fpsS e£Ww Xmsg sImSp¡p¶p.

1. D]a

H¶ns\mt¶mSv kmZriyw

sNm¶mÂ D]abmaXv

2. cq]Iw

AhÀWyt¯mSv hÀWy¯n\v

At`Zw tNmÂI cq]Iw

3. DÂt{]£

asäm¶n³ [À½tbmK¯mÂ

AXpXm\Ãtbm CXv

F¶p hÀWy¯nemi¦

DÂt{]£mJybewIrXn

4. {]XnhkvXp]a

AhÀWy hÀWy hmIy§Ä¡v

H¶mw [À½s¯ thsdbmbv

\nÀt±in¨mÂ Ae¦mcw

{]XnhkvXp]am`n[w

5. ZrjvSm´w

ZrjvSm´aXns\ ºnw_

{]Xn`nw_§fm¡pInÂ

6. Zo]Iw

At\ItaI[À½¯nþ

e\zbn¸Xp Zo]Iw


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

7. A{]kvXpX{]iwk

A{]kvXpX{]iwkmJy

a{]kvXpX apcbv¡pInÂ

IIAXnitbmàn hn`mKw

sNmÃpÅXnÂ IhnªsXÃmaXnitbmànbmw

sXÃXnÂ kv]ÀianÃmsXm¶pta

AXnitbmànbpsS kv]Àiw CÃmsX Hce¦mchpanÃ F¶v G.BÀ. cmPcmPhÀ½A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p. Ipsd Iq«n¸dbpI, hmbn¡p¶ BÄ¡v AXnibw tXm¶n¸n¡pIChbmWv s]mXpsh AXnitbmàn Ae¦mc§fpsS kz`mhw.

1. cq]ImXnitbmàn

D]tabs¯ ad¨p sh¨n«v, D]am\s¯ AXnsâ Øm\¯v shbv¡pI. AXnitbmànsImv cns\bpw _Ôn¸n¡pI. CXmWv cq]ImXnitbmànbpsS kz`mhw. D]am\hpw,D]tabhpw X½nÂ Hcp hyXymkhpanÃ F¶v cq]I¯nset¸mse ChnsSbpwIev]n¡p¶pv.

‘ktcmPbpKfw Im¬sI

ic§Ä sNmcnbp¶nXm’

BWv {]kn²amb DZmlcWw. I®pIsf¡pdn¨mWv ]dbp¶Xv. Ah XmacbnXfpIÄXs¶bmWv. XmacbnXfpIÄ CXm A¼pIfb¡p¶p, F¶v AXnibw DmIp¶p.I®pIfpsS t\m«w Icw Xdbv¡pw t]mse A\p`hs¸Sp¶p F¶v ckIcambn

{]kvXmhn¨ncn¡p¶p. ‘\nKocy[yhkmbw’ F¶mWv CXn\v ]dbp¶Xv. AXmbXvad¨pshbvIpI, D]tabs¯ ad¨pshbv¡pI F¶v AÀ°w.

‘hn¬aeÀt¯m¸nses¸m³ ]\n\oÀ¸qshþ

¶p·pJ\mbcpÄ sNbvXp Xm\pw’

‘`mcX kv{XoIÄ X³ `mhip²n’ F¶ IhnXbnÂ lpabq¬ hgnh¡nseaWnamfnIbnÂ ImWp¶ kpµcnsb¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶ hm¡pIfmWnh.

cq]ImXnitbmànbnÂ D]am\þD]tab§Ä¡v At`ZIev]\bpv. A{]kvXpX{]iwkbnÂ kmayIev]\tbbpÅq.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

. DtÃJw

D]tab¯n\v ]e KpW§fpv. B KpW§tfmtcm¶ns\bpw ]eXmbn Iev]n¨mÂDtÃJw

‘Imas\¶nhs\ kv{XoIÄ

Imes\t¶mÀ¯p sshcnIÄ’

F¶v {]kn²amb DZmlcWw.

‘bmsXm¶p ssZh¯n\p aqÀ¯nt]mepw

bmsXm¶p hniz¯n\p XqWpt]mepw

bmsXm¶p tam£¯n\p tImWnt]mepw

B kvt\lw B kvt\latlm Pbn¸q.’

‘kpJwþkpJw’F¶ IhnXbnÂ kvt\ls¯¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶ Imcy§Ä H¶mbnka\zbn¡p¶p. DÅqcnsâ Cu hcnIfnÂ kvt\ls¯ ]eXmbn \n\¨ncn¡p¶p.

3. hntcm[m`mkw

tIÄ¡p¶ am{XbnÂ hntcm[w AYhm XSÊw tXm¶pw. ]s£ BtemNn¡pt¼mÄkmayw a\ÊnemIpw. CXmWv hntcm[m`mkw.

l´ N{µapJnbv¡n¶p

sN´obmbnXp Nµ\w.

{]kn²amb DZmlcWw. tIÄ¡p¶ am{XbnÂ Nµ\w sN´obmhpItbm F¶v hntcm[wtXm¶pw. ]ns¶ hnclw ImcWamWv Nµ\w Xo t]mse A\p`hs¸«Xv F¶va\ÊnemIpt¼mÄ ckapmIpw.

‘Xo¡\Â hmcn¯t·\nbnÂ tXbv¡pt¼mÄ

hmbv¡p¶ amtebsa¶pw sNmÃn’

‘cpIvanWo kzbwhc’¯nÂ sNdptÈcn \mbnIbpsS hnclZpxJw BhnjvIcn¡p¶XvC§s\bmWv.

C\n AXnitbmàn Ae¦mc§fpsS e£Ww ImcnIfpsS cq]¯nÂ.

1. cq]ImXnitbmàn

\nKocy[yhkmbw Xm³

cq]ImXnitbmànbmw.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

2. DtÃJw

DtÃJsam¶ns\¯s¶

]eXmbn \n\bv¡pInÂ

3. hntcm[m`mkw

hntcm[w tXm¶pamdpàn

hntcm[m`mkambnSpw.

III hmkvXthmàn hn`mKw

hmkvXhw `wKnbm¡n ]dªv Ae¦mcam¡mw.

1 kz`mthmàn

D]abpw Iev]\bpsam¶pansÃ¦nepw kq£vaambn hÀWn¡pt¼mÄ ckw tXm¶mw.

"kckw ImÂIpStªmaÂ

IcmKpjvSw \pIÀ¶nl

Nncn¨nSp¶ at²yXm³

Icbp¶nXp _meI³'

Ip«nsb `wKnbmbn hÀWn¨ncn¡p¶XpsImp kz`mthmàn F¶ Ae¦mcw.

‘\mcZ³ C§s\ sNmt¶mcp t\c¯p

\mcnIÄ auenbmw _menIXm³

`qXe´¶nÂ hc¨p Na¨pÅ

tcJIsf®n\mÄ sasÃ sasÃ’

sNdptÈcn IrjvWKmYbnÂ cpIvanWnbpsS Nn{Xw hc¨p ImWn¡p¶p. cpIvanWn{ioIrjvWt\mSpw tNcpw F¶v \mcZ³ {]hNn¨t¸mÄ AhÄ¡pmb hnImcw kq£vaambnhÀWn¨ncn¡pIbmWv.

2. AÀ°m]¯n

Hcp Imcyw ]dªn«v C\n asäm¶nsâ Imcyw ]dtbtÃm, Imcyw hyàambntÃF¶p kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv AÀ°m]¯n.

‘\n³apJw N{µs\ sh¶p

]ß¯nÂ IYsb´pXm³’

BWv {]kn²amb DZmlcWw. \nsâ apJw N{µs\ Pbn¨ ØnXnbv¡p XmacbpsS Imcyw]dtbXnÃtÃm F¶v ckIcambn {]kvXmhn¨ncn¡p¶p.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

Xnt\{X³, {Xn]pcmÍþ

\ńtI IµÀ]³ IYsb´phm³”

ap¡®\pw, {Xn]pcmÍ\amb inhsâ BKa\ambn C\n ImatZhsâ ØnXn ]dtbtÃm.

3. ImhyenwKw

Ipsd ImcW§Ä ]dª tijw Imcyw ]dbp¶p. B ImcW§Ä sImmWv Imcywkw`hn¨Xv F¶v _Ôs¸Sp¯p¶nÃ.

‘Imemcn tkh sNbvthmÀ¡p

Imes\¡qkseń\v’

BWv {]kn²amb DZmlcWw.

‘IcpXqhXnl sN¿ h¿ sN¿m³

hcpXn e`n¨XnÂ \n¶nSm hnNmcw

]calnXacnªp IqS, Bbp,

ØncXbpanÃ, AXn\nµyao \cXzw’

F¶v \cXzw AXn\nµyamWv F¶p Nnń¡p¶Xnsâ ImcW§Ä Bim³ BZyw ]dbp¶p.ImcW§sf Imcyhpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯nbn«nÃ. CXmWv ImhyenwKw F¶ Ae¦mc¯nsâkz`mhw.

4, AÀ°mć\ymkw

hntijs¸« Hcp Imcyw kw`hn¨Xns\, kmam\yamb Hcp {]kvXmhw sImvkaÀ°n¡pI, AsÃ¦nÂ kmam\yamb Hcp Imcys¯, hntijs¸« asämcp Imcyw sImvkaÀ°n¡pI CXmWv AÀ°mć\ymk¯nsâ kz`mhw.

‘Xmn\m³ Bgn l\pam³

BhÀs¡´p ZpjvIcw’

l\pam³ kap{Zw XcWw sNbvXp F¶Xv AÛpXIcamb Imcyw,ZnhyssNX\yapffhÀ¡v F´pw km[n¡patÃm F¶ {]kvXmhw sImv Cu AÛpXIrXys¯ km[qIcn¡p¶p.

‘h¼À¡p sXfnbm tZmjþ

a¼nfn¡gI¦hpw’

henb BfpIfpsS tZmjw Bcpw IW¡nseSp¡nÃ F¶ kmam\ys¯ N{µsâ If¦wsXfnbnÃ F¶ hntijw sImv kaÀ°n¡p¶p.

“Cdp¸h¶pw aeÀ KÔtaIpw


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

sh«p¶h¶pw Xcp NqSIäpw

l\n¸h\pw Infn ]m«p]mSpw

]tcm]Ic {]hWw {]]©w”

aecpw Xcphpw, Infnbpw sN¿p¶ hntijImcy§sf, {]]©w ]tcm]ImcXev]camWv F¶

kmam\yw sImv kaÀ°n¡p¶p. DÅqcnsâ ‘kpJw, kpJw’ F¶ IhnXbnemWv CuAÀ°mć\ymkw.

hmkvXthmàn hn`mK¯nse Ae¦mc§fpsS e£WmImcnIIÄ Xmsg sImSp¡p¶p.

1. kz`mthmàn

kq£vakz`mhw hÀWn¨mÂ

kz`mthmànbewIrXn

2. AÀ°m]¯n

AÀ°m]¯nbtXm ]ns¶

sNmÃm\nsÃ¶ bpànbmw.

3. ImhyenwKw

tlXphmIy ]ZmÀ°§þ

fmhpInÂ ImhyenwKamw.

4. AÀ°mć\ymkw

kmam\yw Xm³ hntijw Xm³

ChbnÂ {]kvXpX¯n\p

AÀ°mć\ymkamIpw

A\yw sImp kaÀ°\w.

IV ivtftjmàn hn`mKw

1. ivtfjw þ `mjbnÂ Htc hm¡n\p Xs¶ cv AÀ°w DmIpw. Ch cp hn[¯nÂtNÀ¯p ]tbmKn¨mÂ ivtfjme¦mcw.

‘kvt\lw {]IrXyw_ Ic¯nte´pw

Zo]w {]Imin¸Xn³ {]`mhw

kvt\lw F¶ hm¡n\v CjvSw F¶pw, F® F¶pw AÀ°aptÃm.’

‘cw`bn½mXIcnÂ \ÃsX¶n§s\

Inwêw \n¶p ]pI®sXÃmw


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

Ducp¡Ä sImtXm³ cw` X³ Im´nsb

]mcw ]gn¨hÄ sh¶mftÃm.’

cw` Hcp A]vkcÊv, cw` F¶mÂ hmg¯S F¶pw AÀ°w. cpIvanWnbpsS XpSIÄhmg¯St]mse, cw` F¶ A]vkcÊns\¸än C\n ]pIgv¯n¸dtb F¶v sNdptÈcnbpsS`mh\.

2. kamtkmàn

Hcp Imcyw hÀ®n¨p ]dbpt¼mÄ hntijW§fpsS kmayw sImv asämcp ImcywIqSn HmÀ½ hcp¶Xv katkmàn.

‘aSnbnÂ tNÀ¯v tNWmÀ¶

a«newKpen hn{`aw

XpSÀ¶mepSt\ cmKw

Im«oSp¶p hn]©nI’

ChnsS hoWsb¡pdn¨mWv ]dbp¶sX¦nepw hntijW§fpsS kmayw sImvcmKhXnbmb \mbnIsb HmÀ½ hcp¶p.

‘lcnXarZpI©pIw sXsÃm¶p \o¡n \o

bcpfnb ape¸mÂ IpSn¨p sImgp¯hÀ

s¡mcp Zmlapmbv þ HSp¡s¯ Zmlw

XncplrZbcàw IpSn¡m³’

ChnsS `qansb¡pdn¨mWv ]dbp¶sX¦nepw lcnXarZpI©pIw, ape¸mÂ F¶n§s\bpÅhntijW§Ä sImv HmÀ½ hcp¶Xv A½sbbmWv. `qan A½bmsW¶pw Zpc aq¯

a¡Ä A½sb \in¸n¡pIbmsW¶pw H.F³.hn. ‘`qanbvs¡mcp NcaKoX¯nÂ’kqNn¸n¡p¶p.

ivtftjmàn hn`mK¯nse ImcnIIÄ Xmsg sImSp¡p¶p.

1. ivtfjw:

cp ImbvIÄ Htc sR«nÂ

DmIpwt]mse `mjbnÂ

Htc i_vZ¯n\À°w

cpc¨meXp ivtfjamw.


]uckvXykn²m- -§Ä

2. kamtkmàn

hntijW¯nÂ kmay¯mÂ

hÀWy {]kvXpX [À½nbnÂ

AhÀWy hr¯m´tcm]w

kamtkmànbewIrXn

D]cnhmb\bv¡v

B[p\nIIhnXbnse Ae¦mc§Ä, _nw_§Ä F¶nh {i²tbmsS ]cntim[n¨pt\m¡q. IhnXbpsS emhWyw, iàn, A\p`hthZyX, BkzmZyX F¶nh hÀ²n¸n¡m³

IhnbpsS Iev]\IÄ¡v km[yamhp¶ptm? ‘Ae¦mcw’ Agns¨Sp¡m\mhnÃ, ckhpwAe¦mchpw At`ZyamWv F¶v B[p\nIIhnXbpw \s½ t_m[ys¸Sp¯pw.

klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä

1. `mc-Xob Imhy-imkv{Xw þ Sn. `mkv¡-c³

2. Imhy-ao-amwk þ sI. kpIp-am-c- nÅ

3. `mc-Xob kmlnXy kn²m- -§Ä þ Nm¯-\m¯v ANyp-X-\p®n

4. Ae-¦mc imkv{Xw ae-bm-f-¯nÂ þ Nm¯-\m¯v ANyp-X-\p®n

5. coXn-imkv{Xw þ Nm¯-\m¯v ANyp-X-\p®n

6. hr¯ hnNmcw þ sI. sI. hm²ymÀ

7. hr¯ inÂ¸w þ Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ

8. hr¯-imkv{Xw þ tUm. Sn.-hn. amXyp

9. hniz-km-ln-Xy-ZÀi-\-§Ä þ s\Ãn-¡Â apc-fo-[-c³

10. `mjm- q-jWw þ F.-BÀ.-cm-P-cm-P-hÀ½

11.hr -a-RvPcn þ F.-BÀ cmP-cm-P-hÀ½

12. Xmc-Xay Imhy-imkv{Xw þ kn. cmtP-{µ³

13. Imhy-Po-hnX hr¯n þ ]n. IrjvW³ \mbÀ

14. kmlnXy `qjWw þ Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ

15. Imhy ]oTnI þ tPmk^v ap-tÈcn

]uckvXykn²m-´ -§Ä14.139.185.6/website/SDE/sde186.pdf · ]uckvXykn²m-´ -§Ä B.A. MALAYALAM VI...

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Transcript of ]uckvXykn²m-´ -§Ä14.139.185.6/website/SDE/sde186.pdf · ]uckvXykn²m-´ -§Ä B.A. MALAYALAM VI...