UCD Biomedical Engineering Prof. Madeleine Lowery

Dr Donal Holland School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering

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What is Biomedical Engineering? ‘The application of engineering principles to

understand, modify or control biological (human and animal) systems’

J. Bronzino, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering

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Examples Pacemakers

Cochlear implants

Rehabilitation

Deep brain stimulation

Artificial limbs

Hip implants

Gait analysis

Biomedical signal processing

Tissue engineering

MR imaging Angioplasty Physiological modelling

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tmc.edu/thi/pacemaker.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.tmc.edu/thi/pacemake.html&h=426&w=432&sz=19&tbnid=jGpZh9dkHbcJ:&tbnh=121&tbnw=123&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images?q=pacemaker&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&c2coff=1&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-38,GGLG:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://memorylossonline.com/glossary/images/mri.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/magneticresonanceimaging.html&h=451&w=451&sz=30&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=fwNxtqOr2yB3PM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=127&prev=/images?q=mri&svnum=10&um=1&hl=en&c2coff=1&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-38,GGLG:en

Sample research areas: Neural Control of Movement

Sample research areas: Deep Brain Stimulation

Orthopaedic mechanics

Wearable Robotics

Walsh, C.J.; Paluska, D.; Pasch, K.; Grand, W.; Valiente, A.; Herr, H., "Development of a lightweight, underactuated exoskeleton for load-carrying augmentation," Robotics and Automation, 2006. ICRA 2006. Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on , vol., no., pp.3485,3491, 15-19 May 2006

Soft Structures in Nature

Soft Robotics

Air in

Simple actuator

Simplest actuator is like a balloon: an air chamber surrounded by a highly elastic material, such as

silicone

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Simple actuator

Pair Air in

Simplest actuator is like a balloon: an air chamber surrounded by a highly elastic material, such as

silicone

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Simplest actuator is like a balloon: an air chamber surrounded by a highly elastic material, such as

silicone

Simple actuator

Pair Air in

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Restrict radial expansion to make an actuator that can only extend in length:

Kevlar wrapping

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Restrict radial expansion to make an actuator that can only extend in length:

Kevlar wrapping

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Air in

Restrict radial expansion to make an actuator that can only extend in length:

Kevlar wrapping

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Pair Air in

Restrict radial expansion to make an actuator that can only extend in length:

Kevlar wrapping

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Air in

Restrict radial expansion to make an actuator that can only extend in length:

Kevlar wrapping

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Restrict extension on one side of the actuator to achieve bending:

Fiberglass layer

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Air in

Restrict extension on one side of the actuator to achieve bending:

Fiberglass layer

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Air in Pair

Restrict extension on one side of the actuator to achieve bending:

Fiberglass layer

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Air in

Fluidic Bending Actuators

Soft Orthotic Glove

1Americans With Disabilities: 2010. 2Roger et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012. 3Nakayama et al. Compensation in recovery of upper extremity function after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994.

6,700,000 reported difficulty performing a grasping motion in US1

795,000 people suffer from a stroke per year2

26% of stroke patients require assistance with ADL due to upper extremity disability3

Hand functionality is a dominant factor in living an independent life

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Rehabilitation

Assistive

Soft Orthotic Glove: the Need

Soft Orthotic Glove: Initial Prototype

Polygerinos, P., Lyne, S., Wang, Z., Mosadegh, B., Whitesides, G., Walsh, C. Towards a Soft Pneumatic Glove for Hand Rehabilitation (presentation and paper), in Proc. Inter. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Tokyo, 2013.

Twist, Bend, Extend Thumb Opposition Grasp

Twist CMC 15° to 30°

Bend MCP & IP joints 25° to 30° combined

Thumb skin & joint extension 0.3-0.4”

Soft Orthotic Glove: Thumb Biomechanics

Multi-segment FR Soft Actuator

bend

bend-twist

extend

extend-twist

bend

bend-twist

extend

extend-twist

Fibre-Reinforced Actuator Recipes

Soft Orthotic Glove: Thumb Biomechanics

Soft Orthotic Glove: Thumb Actuator

Maeder-York, Clites, Boggs, Neff, Polygerinos, Holland, Stirling, Galloway, Wee, Walsh (2014) Design of Medical Devices Conference, MN.

Patent: Walsh, Boggs, Clites, Dubrovsky, Galloway, Holland, Maeder-York, Neff, Polygerinos, 61/896,984, 2013.

Polygerinos, P., Wang, Z., Galloway, K., Wood, R., Walsh, C.J. Soft Robotic Glove for Combined Assistance and at-Home Rehabilitation. RAS Special Issue on Wearable Robotics (available online).

Glove Generation 2

Rectus Femoris Vastus Medialis

EMG [mV]

Integrated EMG [mVs]

** *

Riener et al. (2002) Gait and Posture, 15, 32-44

Knee Exoskeleton for Assistance During Descent

Lower-Limb Devices

Medical Sciences

Electrical & Electronic

Engineering

Mechanical & Materials

Engineering

Physiology

Physical Therapy

Neuroscience

Anatomy

Exercise Science

BiomaterialsMedical Device

DesignRehabilitation Eng.

Cell & Tissue Eng.

Neural Eng.

Control Theory

Signal Processing

Communications

Thermodynamics

Fluid MechanicsMechanics of

solids

Wireless systems

Materials Science

Basic Medical Sciences

UCD Biomedical Engineering School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering with

School of Medicine School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering

Biomedical Engineering Paths at UCD

At end of stage 3: – graduate with BSc (Engineering Science) – progress to stage 4 of BE in Biomedical Engineering

Or, if eligible (weighted GPA ≥ 2.8): – enter ME programme in Biomedical Engineering

Stage 2 Stage 3

Engineering

Stage 1

Dec

isio

n P

oint

2

ME Biomedical Engineering ME

BE Stage 4 Biomedical

BSc

Biomedical Engineering Electronic stream Mechanical stream

Since 2014

Since 2010

Biomedical Engineering Programmes at UCD

Stage 5

Stage 4

Stage 3

Stage 2

Stage 1 Introduction to Engineering

Foundations in Electronic and Mechanical Engineering and Introduction to Physiology and Anatomy

Specialised Electronic and Mechanical Engineering skills with introductory Biomedical Engineering modules

Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering modules and advanced Electronic and Mechanical modules; work placement

Advanced physiology modules; Biomedical Engineering research project

What will I study? Stage 2 Biomedical Engineering

Semester 1 Multivariable Calculus for Engineers Electrical & Electronic Circuits Mechanics of Fluids I An Introduction to Physiology Computer Engineering I Elective

Semester 2 Statistics and Probability for Engineers Engineering Electromagnetics Mechanics of Solids I Applied Dynamics I Options Elective

Options Electronic Circuits Materials Sci & Eng I

Stage 2 Biomedical Engineering In-Programme elective modules

Semester 1 Manufacturing Engineering I

Digital Electronics Biotechnology for Engineers

Heat Transfer

Semester 2 Mechanical Engineering Design I

Electronic Circuits Functional Anatomy & Kinesiology

Stage 3 Biomedical Engineering Core and Option Modules

Core Semester 1 Multivariable Calculus for Engineers II Medical Sciences for Biomedical Engineers Biomedical Signals and Images Elective

Core Semester 2 Modelling and Simulation Bionstrumentation Elective

Option Modules Signals and Systems

Circuit Theory

Engineering Thermodynamics II

Materials Science & Engineering II

Mechanical Engineering Design II

Materials Sci & Eng I

Electromagnetic Waves

Signal Processing (DSP)

Analogue Electronics

Communication Theory

Materials Science & Engineering III

Mechanics of Solids II

Applied Dynamics II

RULE: Select 5 Option Modules: The combination of Option modules MUST be either Group 1 or Group 2 listed below: Group 1: Bioelectronic Stream : EEEN30110 Signals and Systems, EEEN30030 Electromagnetic Waves, EEEN30050 Signal Processing, EEEN30020 Circuit Theory and one other Option module of your choice.

OR Group 2: Biomechanical Engineering : MEEN30100 Engineering Thermodynamics II, MEEN30020 Mechanics of Solids II, MEEN30010 Applied Dynamics II and MEEN30090 Materials Science and Engineering II and another Option module of your choice.

Stage 4 BE Biomedical Engineering or

ME Biomedical Engineering

Sample modules:

Biomechanics Medical Device Design

Biomaterials Neural Engineering

Rehabilitation Engineering Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering

Biomedical Engineering Project

ME Biomedical Engineering Semester 2, Year 1 : 30-Credit Work Placement

Organizations in which Biomedical Engineering students placed to date include:

Sector employs over 25,000 people. 18 of the world’s top 25 medical technology companies have a base in Ireland.

diagnostic

hospital and/or homecare products

Ophthalmic

orthopaedic

vascular

contract research, development,

connected health

service

http://www.ucd.ie/biomedicalengineering/

UCD Student Summer Research Awards (SSRA) Elective Module

8-week supervised undergraduate student project within research laboratories or at our affiliated clinical sites

5 credit module can be selected as an elective for Stage 2

Grade neutral (PATH30090)

Entry on a competitive basis

More details: https://www.ucd.ie/medicine/ssra/

Ciara Giles Doran received the Silver Medal Award at the 2016 UCD Student Summer Research Awards (SSRA) Symposium

UCD Biomedical Engineering

Slide Number 1What is Biomedical Engineering?ExamplesSample research areas:�Neural Control of MovementSample research areas:�Deep Brain Stimulation Orthopaedic mechanicsSlide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Wearable RoboticsSoft Structures in NatureSoft RoboticsFluidic Bending ActuatorsSlide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Soft Orthotic GloveSlide Number 27Soft Orthotic Glove: Initial PrototypeSlide Number 29Fibre-Reinforced Actuator RecipesSlide Number 31Slide Number 32Glove Generation 2Lower-Limb DevicesSlide Number 35Slide Number 36Biomedical Engineering Paths at UCDBiomedical Engineering Programmes�at UCDWhat will I study?�Stage 2 Biomedical EngineeringStage 2 Biomedical Engineering�In-Programme elective modulesStage 3 Biomedical Engineering�Core and Option ModulesStage 4 BE Biomedical Engineering�or �ME Biomedical Engineering�����ME Biomedical Engineering�Semester 2, Year 1 : 30-Credit Work Placement�Sector employs over 25,000 people. �18 of the world’s top 25 medical technology companies have a base in Ireland.� Slide Number 45http://www.ucd.ie/biomedicalengineering/UCD Student Summer Research Awards (SSRA) Elective ModuleUCD Biomedical Engineering