Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technology Prof. Ki-Hyung Kim [email protected] Ajou University, Korea.

Ubiquitous Sensor Network TechnologyUbiquitous Sensor

Network Technology

Prof. Ki-Hyung [email protected]

Ajou University, Korea

2

Contents

Standardization of Wireless Sensor Networks IETF, SP100, WirelessHART, ZigBee, IEEE

802

Overview IP-USN Research and Development

3

Internet

L2N

L2N

TrueMesh

Wireless HART

ISA SP100.11a

Xmesh

Znet

MintRoute

MultiHop LQI

CENS Route

Smartmesh

TinyAODV

Honeywell

Overview of Wireless Sensor Network Technologies

IEEE 802.15IEEE 802.15

5

IEEE 802.15 Task Group

TG 1 TG 2 TG 3 TG 4 TG 5

TG 3a

802.15 WG for WPAN

Secretary

Publicity Committee Task Groups Study Groups

TG 3c

TG 4bTG 3b

TG 4d

TG 4c

TG6SC wng

finish

Withdrawn

TG 4a

< 2008.02 >

TG4e

StandingCommittee

Working TG

6

IEEE 802 WG15 Overview

IEEE 802.15 15th working group of the IEEE 802 which specializes in

Wireless PAN (Personal Area Network) standards TG1 : Bluetooth based WPAN (finished) TG2 : Coexistence of WLAN and WPAN (finished) TG3 : High Rate WPAN (finished) TG3a : TG3 based Alternative PHY (withdraw) TG3b : TG3 based MAC Amendment (finished) TG3c : TG3 based Millimeter Wave Alternative PHY (in progress) TG4 : Low rate WPAN (finished) TG4a : TG4 Alternative PHY (finished) TG4b : TG4 based Revision (finished) TG4c : TG4 based Chinese amendment PHY (in progress) TG4d : TG4 based Japan amendment PHY (in progress) TG5 : TG3 & TG4 based Mesh networking (in progress) TG6 : Body Area Network (in progress)

ZigBeeZigBee

8

Zigbee Organization

9

Present Status of ZigBee Alliance

Specification : ZigBee Pro (2007) Balloted Specification PRO Features

• Features removed from ZigBee-2006 in PRO– CSKIP address assignment– Tree routing (table routing remains)

• Features added to PRO– Mesh network routing – Stochastic address assignment/address conflict resolution– Many to one routing/Source routing– Multicast– Frequency Agility– Fragmentation/Re-assembly– Link Status/Symmetric routes

10

Present Status of ZigBee Alliance ZigBee Network Topologies and Routing

Cluster tree networks provide for a beaconing multi-hop network

Mesh network routing permits path formation from any source device to any destination device via a path formed by routing packets through neighbors

ZigBee Routing employs both Mesh Routing and Cluster Tree Routing

• Routing by default will employ mesh and can fall back to cluster tree if a route error is generated on the packet

11

Advantages of IP-based Sensor Networks

상호운용성 (Interoperability)인터넷상의 다른 디바이스 (WiFi, Ethernet, WiBro, Wireless

Mesh, HSDPA 등으로 연결가능 ) 이미 검증된 보안 (Security) 기술

인증 (Authentication), 접근제어 (access control), and 방화벽 (firewall)

Network design 이미 검증된 응용계층 모델 및 서비스 (Established Application

model and service 소켓 API 기반의 센서 개발 DNS, SLP

통합 네트워크 관리기술 (Integrated Network Management) Ping, Traceroute, SNMP 등

전달계층 프로토콜 (Transport Protocols) End-to-End Reliable streaming

12

6lowpan Node Architecture

Sensor Node HardwareSensor Node Hardware

IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b)IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b)

Fragmentation

/Reassembly

Adaptation Layer

Commissioning &

Bootstrapping

Mesh Routing

IPIP ICMPICMP

TCP/UDPTCP/UDP

Socket-lite APISocket-lite API

SNMP MngmtSNMP Mngmt Service Naming & Discovery

Service Naming & Discovery Sensor AppSensor App

ND Optimizatio

n

Standardization Activities in IETFStandardization

Activities in IETF

14


Sensor Node HardwareSensor Node Hardware

IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b)IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b)

Fragmentation

/Reassembly

Adaptation Layer

Commissioning &

Bootstrapping

Mesh Routing

IPIP ICMPICMP

TCP/UDPTCP/UDP

Socket-lite APISocket-lite API

SNMP MngmtSNMP Mngmt Service Naming & Discovery

Service Naming & Discovery Sensor AppSensor App

ND Optimizatio

n

15

6lowpan Standardization Activities Rechartering Stage

1. Produce "6LoWPAN Bootstrapping and 6LoWPAN IPv6 ND Optimizations“ to define limited extensions to IPv6 Neighbor Discovery [RFC4861] for use

specifically in low-power networks. This document (or documents) will define how to bootstrap a 6LoWPAN network and explore ND optimizations such as reusing the structure of the 802.15.4 network (e.g., by using the coordinators), and reduce the need for multicast by having devices talk to coordinators (without creating a single point-of-failure, or changing the semantics of the IPv6 ND multicasts).

This document or documents will be a proposed standard.

2. Produce "Problem Statement for Stateful Header Compression in 6LoWPANs" to document the problem of using stateful header compression (2507, ROHC) in

6LoWPANs. Currently 6LoWPAN only specifies the use of stateless header compression given the assumption that stateful header compression may be too complex. This document will determine if the assumption is correct and describe where the problems are.

This document will be informational.

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3. Produce "6LoWPAN Architecture" to describe the design and implementation of 6LoWPAN networks. This document

will cover the concepts of "Mesh Under" and "Route Over", 802.15.4 design issues such as operation with sleeping nodes, network components (both battery-and line-powered), addressing, and IPv4/IPv6 network connections. As a spin-off from that document, “

6LoWPAN Routing Requirements" will describe 6LoWPAN-specific requirements on routing protocols used in 6LoWPANs, addressing both the "route-over" and "mesh-under" approach.

Both documents will be informational.

4. Produce "Use Cases for 6LoWPAN" to define, for a small set of applications with sufficiently unique requirements, how

6LoWPANs can solve those requirements, and which protocols and configuration variants can be used for these scenarios. The use cases will cover protocols for transport, application layer, discovery, configuration and commissioning.


6lowpan Standardization Activities

17

5. Produce "6LoWPAN Security Analysis" to define the threat model of 6LoWPANs, to document suitability of existing key

management schemes and to discuss bootstrapping/installation/commissioning/setup issues. This document will be referenced from the "security considerations" of the other 6LoWPAN documents.


6lowpan Standardization Activities

IETF RL2N BOFIETF RL2N BOF

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RL2N WG Charter: Overview Work Items

1. Produce use cases documents for Industrial, Connected Home, Building and urban application networks.• Describe the use case and the associated routing protocol

requirements. • The documents will progress in collaboration with the

6lowpan Working Group (INT area).

2. Survey the applicability of existing protocols to L2Ns: analyze the scaling and characteristics of existing protocols and identify whether or not they meet the routing requirements of the L2Ns applications. • Existing IGPs, MANET, NEMO, DTN routing protocols will be

part of evaluation.

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RL2N WG Charter: Overview Work Items (2)

3. Specification of routing metrics used in path calculation. • This includes static and dynamic link/nodes attributes

required for routing in L2Ns.

4. Provide an architectural framework for routing and path selection at Layer 3 (Routing for L2N Architecture)

• Decide whether the L2Ns routing protocol require a distributed, centralized path computation models or both.

• Decide whether the L2N routing protocol requires a hierarchical routing approach.

5. Produce a security framework for routing in L2Ns.

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Interaction with other WGs

6lowpan: working on L2Ns over 802.15.4

MANET: we may be end up using some (adapted) MANET protocols if the WG think that they satisfy the requirements

Other industry forums and SDOs. Zigbee, ITU, Bluetooth,

Wireless HARTWireless HART

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Industrial Automation Background Very important functionality

60 million installed process control sensors 4 million shipping per year ~50% are “smart” today – wired networks

HART Most popular wired sensor network protocol HART 1: 1,200 baud digital comm over 4-20mA loops Wireless HART

• Ratified as a part of HART7 September 2007• 802.15.4 based• Announced vendors: ABB, Emerson, Siemens, …• Multi-hop Mesh networking

SP100 wireless Draft standard in 2008 Adopted 6LoWPAN, but defining own routing, transport

Wireless HART and SP100 are a hybrid of circuit and packet switched IEEE 802.15.4E WG created to standardize

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Examples of Data flows

1. Low frequency data collection 1/s to 1/hour; typically < 1/min Latency comparable to sample interval Typically <50B Some time series >10kB

2. Alarms <50B

3. Log file upload 1/day, 1/year 10kB ..1MB

4. Human diagnostic query/response Mean latency important

5. Feedback control Max latency important Latency from minutes to <1ms (infeasible w/ 15.4 radios)

Often all of these will be operating in different parts of the network

ISA SP100.11aISA SP100.11a

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Intro to ISA100

ISA100 – Wireless Systems for Industrial Automation and Process Control

ISA100.11a - Wireless sensor and controls network - Utilizing 802.15.4 - DLL provides mesh network using hybrid CSMA and TDMA - Using 6LoWPAN/IPv6/UDPv6 and TFTP - Backbone router inter-connects DLL subnets

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ISA100.11 reference model

DLL subnet

DLL subnet

DLL subnetDLL subnet

Backbone Router

SystemManager

Gateway(ALG)

Plant Network

Plant Network

SecurityManager

DLL subnet

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Routing to a Gateway on Backbone

The SP100.11a network is a single link. Link local addresses can be

used to reach any mote.

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Multi-floor building example with single DLL subnet

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Packet flow to the gateway with IPv6

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BackboneRouter

PlantNetwork

DLL subnet

SecurityManager

SystemManager

G/W

BackboneRouter 2

BackboneRouter 1

TransitNetwork

ISA100.11a Network

B BBinding update

AA

Binding update

NS

(A)

mult

icast

NS(A) unicast

NA

(A)

: B

R1

’s M

AC

@

NA(A): BR2’s MAC @

A via BR1

A via BR2

IP-USN Research and Development in KoreaIP-USN Research and

Development in Korea

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Major Characteristics of IP-USN

High Interoperability Seamless Connectivity to Internet (IPv4/v6 support) WiFi, Wireless Mesh, Ethernet, IEEE 802.15.4, RIP, OSPF

High Reliability Automatic Faulty Router Detection and Network Recovery MAC-assisted End-to-End Transport Protocol (mTCP) Automatic State Restoration after Reboot Multi-Router Support

High Scalability Multi-Router Interworking Scalable Tree-based Routing Protocol (HiLow) Mesh Routing Protocol

Easy Configuration Automatic Neighbor Discovery IPv6 Autoconfiguration Plug & Sensing Capability

Management SNMP-based Management, ping Web-based Monitoring and Management

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High Interoperability

Seamless Connectivity to Internet (IPv6/v4) Support various interfaces

• WIFI, Ethernet, Wireless Mesh, IEEE 802.15.4

Support Internet standard routing protocol• RIP, OSPF

Interoperability test with KOREN

대구대구

광주광주

대전대전

수원수원

서울서울

2001:2b8:f2:2::4

2001:2b8:f2:2::3

2001:2b8:f2:2::4

2001:2b8:f2:2::4

2001:2b8:f2:2::3

2001:2b8:f2:2::4

2001:2b8:f2:2::4

2001:2b8:f2:2::3

2001:2b8:f2:2::4

2001:2b8:f2:2::4

2001:2b8:f2:2::3

2001:2b8:f2:2::4

2001:2b8:f2:2::4

2001:2b8:f2:2::3

2001:2b8:f2:2::4

DWDM/OADM

ATM Switch

Router

Gigabit Switch

35Gbps2.5Gbps155Mbps

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High Reliability

Multi-Router Interworking Automatic Fault Detection and Network Recovery of 6lowpan

routers and 6lowpan nodes

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Bootstrapping and Commissioning Protocol with Multiple Routers

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Sensor node list on the console of multiple routers

Bootstrapping and Commissioning Protocol with Multiple Routers

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High Reliability (2)

MAC-assisted End-to-End Transport Protocol (mTCP) Reduce redundant re-transmission with MAC support

Server

6lowpan

Internet

39

High Scalability (1)

Large scale sensor network design Wireless Subnet

Wireless Subnet B

Wireless Subnet D

Wireless Subnet C

Wireless Subnet A

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High Scalability (2)

Scalable Tree-based routing protocol (HiLow) No routing table required Simple Implementation Robust 1-hop tree restructuring to link failures Short-cut routing support

41

Easy Configuration

DHCP support

Automatic neighbor discovery (IPv6 address autoconfiguration, short address assignment, Application profile)

Plug and Sense (PnS) Support Main technology in Web-based Sensor Service Portal Zero-Configuration to connect to the Internet and my

Server• Plug and Sense support in especially DHCP environment• User Permission Management

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IP-USN Network Management System

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SNMP based Network Management

Internet

Router

Manager

SNMP lite

SNMP

SNMP-Lite AgentMIB

6lowpan

• 6LoWPAN Management– Network Monitoring

• Network Status Monitoring• PAN ID, Channel• Network Size (Number of Nodes, IPv6

Prefix information)– Topology Monitoring

• Network Topology Monitoring• Neighbor Table Information • Routing Table Information

– Sensor Node Management• Node Information• 16bit, 64bit, IPv6 Address • Device type, Sensor type, H/W version• S/W profile, OS, MAC/PHY, Adaptation

version• Battery status

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Web-based Sensor Network Management

Management Configuration Management

• Topology Management• Device Management• Topology Registration• Device Registration

Fault Management Security Management

• User Management*• Permission Management*

Power Management** Performance Management* Accounting Management**

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Web-based Sensor Network Monitoring

Sensor Data Monitoring Realtime Data Monitoring History Data Monitoring General Log Alarm Log

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IP-USN MIB (1/3)

File Variable Description

lowPan

lowpanPanId 센서노드가 속한 PAN 의 번호

lowpanChannel 센서 노드가 사용하는 채널

lowpanRoutingAlgorithm 현재 사용중인 라우팅 알고리즘

lowpanCompression 패킷 압축 여부

lowpanSupportExtended EUI64 주소를 이용한 라우팅 가능여부

LowPan Module

LowPanRoutingTable Module


lowPanRoutingTable

lowpanRouteEUI64Address 라우팅 엔트리를 소유한 센서 노드의 EIU64 주소

lowpanRouteID 라우팅테이블에서 해당 Entry 의 순차 번호

lowpanRouteDestAddress 최종 목적지주소

lowpanRouteNextHopAddress 최종 목적지를 위한 다음 목적지주소

page 46

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IP-USN MIB (2/3)


lowPanNodeInfoTable

lowpanNodeEUI64Address 노드의 EUI64 주소

lowpanNodeAssociationPermit

센서노드가 티 노드의 Association 을 받아 들일수 있는지에대한 값

lowpanNodeMaxChildren 최대로 가질수 있는 자식 노드의 수

lowpanNodeBeaconOrder 비콘 오더

lowpanNodeSuperframeOrder 슈퍼 프레임 오더

lowpanNodeBattery 배터리 상태 ( 현재는 0x64 고정 )

lowpanNodeHwVersion 하드웨어 버전

lowpanNodeOsVersion 소프트웨어 버전

lowpanNodeRtEntryCount 센서노드가 가질수 있는 최대 라우팅 엔트리의 수

lowpanNodeNtEntryCount 센서노드가 가질수 있는 최대 네이버 엔트리의 수

lowpanNodeMaxHopCount 패킷의 TTL 범위

lowpanNodeRole 노드의 타입 (0: 코디네이터 1: 라우터노드 2 : 브릿지 노드 )

lowpanNodeIp6Addr 노드에 할당된 IPV6 주소

lowpanNodeShortAddress 노드에 할당된 ShortAddress

lowpanNodeAlive 노드에 Alive 상태

LowPanNodeInfo Table Module

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IP-USN MIB (3/3)


lowPanNeighborTable

lowpanNeighborEUI64Address 네이버 엔트리를 소유한 센서 노드의 EIU64 주소

lowpanNeighborPanID 네이버의 PAN ID

lowpanNeighborNEUI64Address 네이버의 EUI64 주소

lowpanNeighborShortAddress 네이버의 ShortAddress

lowpanNeighborDeviceType 네이버의 Device Type

lowpanNeighborPermitJoin 네이버의 PermitJoin

lowpanNeighborLogicalChannel 네이버의 Logical 채널

lowpanNeighborValidated 네이버 Validated

LowPanNodeInfo Table Module

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Management with Commercial SNMP NMS System

page 49

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Web-based USN Management & Monitoring

page 50

51 51

Design of IP-USN Router/Node

52


SNMP Mngmt Service Naming Sensor APP

TCP / UDP

ICMP

Adaptation Layer

IP

Socket-lite-API

IEEE 802.15.4(a,b)

Sensor Node Hardware

Fragmentation / Reassembly

Commissioning & Bootstrapping

ND Optimization Mesh Routing

53

6lowpan Router Architecture

IPv4 & IPv6 Dual

LoWPANMAC / PHY

Internet IP-USN

Adaptation

내부압축

NDProxy GAR MA

외부압축

SSLP TA

54 54

Specification of IP-USN Router

HW Spec SW Spec

Main Core AT91SAM9260, 180MHz /32bit IP-USN Sensor Node Device Driver

Memory 16MB Serial Data Flash / 64MB SDRAM WiBro Device Driver

Ethernet Port 10/100Base-T 1 Port WiBro Connection Manager

WiBro ModuleWiBro Module, USB TypeUSIM Card Slot

WiFi Device Driver

WiFi Module 802.11 b/g, USB Type USB Host Device Driver

Console RS-232 1 Port

Debug Serial Port

RS-232 1 Port, Internal

Power 5VDC Input

BatteryNiMH 2200mAh Battery Pack

Low Battery detection circuit

기타 Atmel Internal Watch Dog

Dimensions 167(W)X140(L)X35.5 (T) (mm)

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WiBro Specification

WiBro Specification

StandardsIEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX / WiBro support

IEEE 802.16-2004 & IEEE 802.16e-2005

PHY IOT Profiles TDD, 8.75Mhz BandWith, OFDMA

MIMO(2X1)MISO( 2 Receiver and single Transmitter) and H-ARQ

RX Diversity Support for Mobile WiMAX / WiBro

Frequency 2.3GHz ~ 2.4 GHz

Max. ThroughputDownlink : 10 Mbps (max)

Uplink : 4 Mbps (max)

Host Interface

Interface USB2.0 High Speed or 4-Bit mode SDIO Interface

Connector Board to Board 60Pin connector

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Outlook of IP-USN Router

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Block Diagram of IP-USN Router

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WiBro 다이어그램

page 58

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PCB Layout of IP-Router

WiFi Block

MPU Block

IP-USN Block

Ethernet Block

WiBro Module Block

WiBro UISM Slot

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Service discovery with SLP(Service Location Protocol)

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SLP-based Service discovery

Perv

asiv

en

es

s

Time

Static Discovery Service- X.500, LDAP

Discovery in LAN- JINI, UPnP, SLP, Salutation

Discovery in Large-scale network- Structured Architecture (e.g. DHT)

Context-aware Discovery- Context-based ranking

Semantic Discovery- Semantic representation & Matching

Discovery in ad-hoc Network- Mobility, Minimizing cost

page 61

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Contents

Standardization of Wireless Sensor Networks IETF, SP100, WirelessHART, ZigBee, IEEE

802

Overview IP-USN Research and Development

Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technology Prof. Ki-Hyung Kim [email protected] Ajou University, Korea.

Documents

Transcript of Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technology Prof. Ki-Hyung Kim [email protected] Ajou University, Korea.