Ubiquitous Computing Software Systems. Why Ubiquitous Computing? The most profound technologies are...
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Transcript of Ubiquitous Computing Software Systems. Why Ubiquitous Computing? The most profound technologies are...
Why Ubiquitous Why Ubiquitous Computing?Computing?
The most profound The most profound technologies are those that technologies are those that disappear. disappear.
-Mark Weiser (1952-1999)-Mark Weiser (1952-1999)Chief Technologist at the Xerox Chief Technologist at the Xerox
Palo Alto Research CenterPalo Alto Research Center
Why Ubiquitous Why Ubiquitous Computing?Computing? The personal computer is still too The personal computer is still too
hard to usehard to use Think about watching a movie by Think about watching a movie by
PCPC– Download file, network access, Download file, network access,
media player, codecs, supporting media player, codecs, supporting software…software…
The Goal of UbiCompThe Goal of UbiComp
Age of Age of calm technologycalm technology, when , when technology recedes into the technology recedes into the background of our lives background of our lives
What Ubiquitous What Ubiquitous Computing isn’tComputing isn’t The opposite of Virtual RealityThe opposite of Virtual Reality
– virtual reality puts people inside a virtual reality puts people inside a computer-generated world, computer-generated world, ubiquitous computing forces the ubiquitous computing forces the computer to live out here in the computer to live out here in the world with peopleworld with people
What Ubiquitous What Ubiquitous Computing isn’tComputing isn’t Although ubiquitous computers Although ubiquitous computers
may employ sound and video may employ sound and video much more than text and much more than text and graphics, but it is not merely a graphics, but it is not merely a “Multimedia Computer” “Multimedia Computer”
It’s a revolution in human-It’s a revolution in human-computer interactioncomputer interaction
UbiComp—Third Wave UbiComp—Third Wave in Computing in Computing Phase I — MainframePhase I — Mainframe
– One computer, many peopleOne computer, many people Phase II — Personal ComputerPhase II — Personal Computer
– One person, one computerOne person, one computer Transition Phase Transition Phase
– Internet and Distributed computing Internet and Distributed computing Phase III — Ubiquitous ComputingPhase III — Ubiquitous Computing
– One person, many computersOne person, many computers
UbiComp—Third Wave UbiComp—Third Wave in Computingin Computing
Source: www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiHome.html
Initial Incarnation in Initial Incarnation in Ubiquitous Computing Ubiquitous Computing
““Tabs”, “pads”, and “boards” built Tabs”, “pads”, and “boards” built at Xerox PARC, 1988-1994 at Xerox PARC, 1988-1994
Calm TechnologyCalm Technology
A calm technology moves easily A calm technology moves easily from the from the peripheryperiphery of our of our attention to the attention to the centercenter, and back. , and back.
Periphery and CenterPeriphery and Center
PeripheryPeriphery– Something we are attuned to Something we are attuned to
without attending to explicitly without attending to explicitly
CenterCenter– Something we explicitly take control Something we explicitly take control
ofof
So, what is a Calm So, what is a Calm Technology?Technology?
A comfortable pair of A comfortable pair of shoes?shoes?
Or a Personal Or a Personal Computer?Computer?
The Final Aim of The Final Aim of UbiCompUbiComp
To make computing Calm To make computing Calm TechnologyTechnology
Signs of Calm Signs of Calm TechnologyTechnology
A Calm Technology A Calm Technology easily moves from center to easily moves from center to
periphery and backperiphery and back enhances our enhances our peripheral reachperipheral reach
– Ex. Video conference with phone Ex. Video conference with phone conferenceconference
puts us at home, in a familiar puts us at home, in a familiar placeplace
Life With Ubiquitous Life With Ubiquitous ComputersComputers
Ubiquitous Computing will make Ubiquitous Computing will make our world more convenientour world more convenient
It will make our world into a It will make our world into a computer-aided one – but computer-aided one – but withoutwithout information overload. information overload.
A ubicomp prototype – A ubicomp prototype – Interactive Interactive WorkspacesWorkspaces Development Development
began at began at Stanford in Stanford in 19991999
Collection of Collection of many many different different smaller smaller software software systemssystems
Interactive Interactive WorkspacesWorkspaces PurposePurpose
team-based collaboration in team-based collaboration in technology augmented environmentstechnology augmented environments
Social protocols determine which Social protocols determine which tools team members use at any tools team members use at any given time, instead of: given time, instead of: –making environment itself “smart”making environment itself “smart”–attempting to anticipate user needsattempting to anticipate user needs
Interactive Interactive WorkspacesWorkspaces Application projectsApplication projects
– Construction project managementConstruction project management– Interactive learningInteractive learning– Product designProduct design
Interactive Interactive Workspaces – Workspaces – Workspace DevicesWorkspace Devices Large, interactive, Large, interactive,
high-resolution wall-high-resolution wall-mounted and mounted and tabletop displaystabletop displays
PDAsPDAs LaptopsLaptops Tabletop scannersTabletop scanners Wireless LCD Wireless LCD
displaysdisplays Pan-and-tilt camerasPan-and-tilt cameras
Interactive Interactive Workspaces -Workspaces -Systems IntegrationSystems Integration Event HeapEvent Heap
– Centralized event exchange Centralized event exchange system for workspace devicessystem for workspace devices
PointRightPointRight– system that allows a single system that allows a single
mouse and keyboard to mouse and keyboard to control multiple screens control multiple screens
– PointRight.rmPointRight.rm BarehandsBarehands
– Implement-free interaction Implement-free interaction with a wall-mounted displaywith a wall-mounted display
Challenges for Challenges for Ubicomp (1)Ubicomp (1)
Privacy / trust issuesPrivacy / trust issues– ““one rotten apple”one rotten apple”
Component interactionComponent interaction– Components must be designed in open, Components must be designed in open,
extensible mannerextensible manner– Assurances in performance, security, reliabilityAssurances in performance, security, reliability
Flexibility / adaptabilityFlexibility / adaptability– Ubicomp environments inherently subject to Ubicomp environments inherently subject to
changechange System Management mechanisms, policiesSystem Management mechanisms, policies
– As components --> infinityAs components --> infinity
Challenges for Challenges for Ubicomp (2)Ubicomp (2)
Viable economic modelsViable economic models– Without killer app, no one wants itWithout killer app, no one wants it– But the killer app is the combination of many But the killer app is the combination of many
small mundane appssmall mundane apps UI integrationUI integration
– How to make it consistent, usable, obvious, How to make it consistent, usable, obvious, invisibleinvisible
Conclusion: Conclusion: Emerging Commercial Emerging Commercial Ubicomp SystemsUbicomp Systems Railcar TelematicsRailcar Telematics
– position, temperature, acceleration, position, temperature, acceleration, and weight sensorsand weight sensors
– Just-in-time billing, railcar handling, Just-in-time billing, railcar handling, securitysecurity
Multimedia response centerMultimedia response center– Takes advantage of pervasive Takes advantage of pervasive
camera phonescamera phones– 911 emergency calls, reporting 911 emergency calls, reporting
crimecrime