UBC104 Embedded Systems Microcontroller / 8051 family.

UBC104 Embedded Systems

Microcontroller / 8051 family

UBC 104 Embedded Systems 2

Topics for Today

Microcontrollers Memory Registers Ports


Processors

General purpose processors: 80386 Pentium Core Duo

Large number of pins External memory External peripherals

* Figure from Intel 386 DX Datasheet


Functions of Pins

Designed to be generic Indented to move data around

* Figure from Intel 386 DX Datasheet


General Purpose Registers Registers are dedicated for

moving data EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX: general

purpose registers EBP: Base pointer ESP: Stack pointer ESI, EDI: Index register


Pentium

* Figure from Intel Pentium Datasheet

Bigger,

better,

more


Microcontrollers

Support for peripherals inside uController Limited number of pins Dedicated purpose

Controlling devices, taking measurements


Microcontroller Families

68H12: Motorola 68H11, 68HC12, … 8051: Intel 8051, 8052, 80251,… PIC: Microchip PIC16F628, 18F452, 16F877, … AVR: Atmel ATmega128, ATtiny28L, AT90S8515,…


Rita51J 8051

128K of SRAM 128K FLASH ROM

Serial port Digital I/O lines

* Figure from www.rigelcorp.com


Motes

Sensor nodes based on Atmel ATMega128

* Figures from CrossbowMPR-MIBUser Manual


AT91SAM7P64 16/32 bit ARM7TDMI 64K Bytes Program

Flash, 16K Bytes RAM,

USB 2.0 10 bit ADC 384 ksps

2x UARTs I2C, SPI 3x 32bit TIMERS 4x PWM, WDT

* Figure from www.olimex.com


AT91SAM7P64

* Figure from www.olimex.com


Microcontroller Families

68H12: Motorola 68H11, 68HC12, … 8051: Intel 8051, 8052, 80251,… PIC: Microchip PIC16F628, 18F452, 16F877, … AVR: Atmel ATmega128, ATtiny28L, AT90S8515,…

We are going to look at 8051s


8051 History

Introduced 1980 12 MHz 128 bytes Internal RAM 4 kbytes ROM 1 Serial port support


Typical features of modern 8051

32 input / output lines. Internal data (RAM) memory - 256 bytes. Up to 64 kbytes of ROM memory (usually flash) Three 16-bit timers / counters 9 interrupts (2 external) with two priority levels. Low-power Idle- and Power-down modes


8051 Manufacturers AMD: Enhanced 8051 parts (no longer producing 80x51 parts) Atmel: FLASH and semi-custom parts Dallas: Battery backed, program download, and fastest variants Intel: 8051 through 80c51gb / 80c51sl ISSI: IS80C51/31 runs up to 40MHz Matra: 80c154, low voltage static variants OKI: 80c154, mask parts

Philips87c748 thru 89c588 - more variants than anyone else now NXP

Siemens: 80c501 through 80c517a, and SIECO cores SMC: COM20051 with ARCNET token bus network engine SSI: 80x52, 2 x HDLC variant for MODEM use

from http://www.faqs.org/faqs/microcontroller-faq/8051/


Selection of Atmel 8051DevicesDevice Flash

(Kbytes)RAM

(Bytes)F.max (MHz)

Vcc (V)

I/O Pins

UART

16-bit Timer

s

SPI 10-bit A/D

channels

AT89C5115 16 512 40 3-5.5 20 1 2 -- 8

AT89C51AC2 32 1280 40 3-5.5 34 1 3 -- 8

AT89C51AC3 64 2304 60 3-5.5 32 1 3 Yes 8

AT89C51ED2 64 2048 60 2.7-5.5 32 1 3 Yes --

AT89C51IC2 32 1280 60 2.7-5.5 34 1 3 Yes --

AT89C51ID2 64 2048 60 2.7-5.5 32 1 3 Yes --

AT89C51RB2 16 1280 60 2.7-5.5 32 1 3 Yes --

AT89C51RC 32 512 33 4.0-6.0 32 1 3 -- --

AT89C51RC2 32 1280 60 2.7-5.5 32 1 3 Yes --

AT89C51RD2 64 2048 60 2.7-5.5 32 1 3 Yes --

AT89C51RE2 128 2048 60 2.7-5.5 34 2 3 Yes --

* Figure from Atmel Function Spreadsheet


Datasheets – Your New Friends!

* Figure from Atmel AT89C51RD2 Datasheet


Packaging

Plastic Dual In-Line package (PDIL)* Figure from Atmel AT89C51RD2 Datasheet


Packaging I

Very small Quad Flat Package (VQFP)



Packaging II

Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)



Packaging


Pin-Out of an 8051


8051 Components

Ports RAM Interrupt Controller Timer SPI Controller



MCBX51 Board


MCBx51 Board

* Figure from MCBx51 Datasheet


8051 Internal RAM



Special Function Registers (SFRs)



Special Function Registers (SFR)



Pin-Out of an 8051


Ports

Driving low-power peripherals ie. LEDs, relays


Port Defintion in Header Files#define Sfr(x, y) sfr x = y#define Sbit(x, y, z) sbit x = y^z#define Sfr16(x,y) sfr16 x = y

/* BYTE Register */Sfr (P0 , 0x80);

Sbit (P0_7 , 0x80, 7);Sbit (P0_6 , 0x80, 6);Sbit (P0_5 , 0x80, 5);Sbit (P0_4 , 0x80, 4);Sbit (P0_3 , 0x80, 3);Sbit (P0_2 , 0x80, 2);Sbit (P0_1 , 0x80, 1);Sbit (P0_0 , 0x80, 0);

Sfr (P1 , 0x90);

Sbit (P1_7 , 0x90, 7);Sbit (P1_6 , 0x90, 6);Sbit (P1_5 , 0x90, 5);


Philips ARM LPC Examplevoid Initialize() {

/* Initialize PLL *//* Setting Multiplier and divider values */PLLCFG=0x25;feed();

/* Enabling the PLL */PLLCON=0x1;feed();

/* Wait for the PLL to lock to set frequency */while(!(PLLSTAT & PLOCK)){}/* Connect the PLL as the clock source */PLLCON=0x3;feed();...


Another Example

static unsigned short ADC_Read (unsigned char ch) {

unsigned int i;

ADCR = 0x00200300 | ch; // Init ADC & select channel

ADCR |= 0x01000000; // Start A/D Conversion

do {

i = ADDR; // Read A/D Data Register

} while ((i & 0x80000000) == 0); // Wait for end of A/D Conversion

return (i >> 6) & 0x03FF; // bit 6:15 is 10 bit AD value

}


Accessing Ports in Cvoid main (void) { unsigned int i; /* Delay var */ unsigned char j; /* LED var */

while (1) { /* Loop forever */ for (j=0x01; j< 0x80; j<<=1) { /* Blink LED 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 */ P1 = j; /* Output to LED Port */ for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { /* Delay for 10000 Counts */ wait (); /* call wait function */ } }

for (j=0x80; j> 0x01; j>>=1) { /* Blink LED 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 */ P1 = j; /* Output to LED Port */ for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { /* Delay for 10000 Counts */ wait (); /* call wait function */ } } }}


Exercise 4

Becoming familiar with the development environment: Simulation & Execution on board Debugging Using peripherals Ports Using low-level C e.g. bit-level operations

UBC104 Embedded Systems Microcontroller / 8051 family.

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