U6 Elements and Principles of Design...Visual Design Elements Eight integral components used in the...
Transcript of U6 Elements and Principles of Design...Visual Design Elements Eight integral components used in the...
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Elements and Principles of Design
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Visual Design Elements
Eight integral components used in the
creation of a design:
•Point
•Line
•Color
•Value
•Shape
•Form
•Space
•Texture
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Point
• Most basic element of
design
• Has position but no
dimension
• Can be described by
coordinates on a plane
• Used to indicate a location
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
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Line
• Has only a length
dimension
• Can be used to– Define a boundary
– Indicate volume
– Create perspective and depth
– Create textures and patterns
– Suggest movement
– Imply emotion
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
Microsoft Office clipart Microsoft Office clipart
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Line
Types
• Vertical - Represents dignity, formality,
stability, and strength
• Horizontal - Represents calm, peace, and
relaxation
• Diagonal - Represents action, activity,
excitement, and movement
• Curved - Represents freedom, the natural,
having the appearance of softness, and
creates a soothing feeling or mood
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Vertical Lines
Skyscraper
Madrid, Spain
Microsoft Office clipart
Brandenburg Gate
Berlin
The Empire State
Building
Architect: Shreve, Lamb,
and Harmon
• Vertical lines characterize dignity,
formality, stability, and strength
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Horizontal LinesMicrosoft Office clipart
Community Christian Church
Kansas City, MO
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright, 1940
Wikimedia.org
• Horizontal lines
represent calm,
peace, and
relaxation
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Diagonal Lines
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
©iStockphoto.com
• Diagonal lines give
the sense of
movement, action,
and activity.
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Curved Lines
©iStockphoto.com
Sydney Opera House
Jorn Utzon
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
©iStockphoto.com
• Curved lines give the
sense of freedom and
a soothing mood
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Color
Described by a number of
qualities
– Hue: base color (e.g., red)
– Value: lightness or darkness
– Saturation: purity or intensity
relative to gray
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Cool Colors
Blues, purples, greens
Color Temperature
Warm Colors
Reds, oranges, yellows
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
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Color
• Color has an immediate and profound
effect on a design
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
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Value
• Relative lightness or darkness of a color,
object, or shape
Microsoft Office clipart
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Value
• Allows us to perceive shapes and the
illusion of 3D objects on a 2D surface
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
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Shape
• A 2D area enclosed by lines or curves
• Types
– Geometric: square, circle, triangle
– Mechanical: simple shapes made of straight
and curved lines
– Organic: natural or simulating natureImage courtesy Autodesk, Inc.Microsoft clipart
Geometric
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
Mechanical Organic
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Shape
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Form
• A 3D volume or solid
• Often implied on a 2D surface by careful
use of value
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
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Form
©iStockphoto.com
Oriental Pearl Tower
ShanghaiArchitect: Jiang Huan Cheng,
Shanghai Modern Architectural
Design, Co.
Microsoft clipart
Ancient Egyptian Pyramids
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Space
• Areas between and around parts of an
image or the implied depth in that image
• Types
– Positive
– Negative
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.©iStockphoto.com
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Space
• Evident in images with
depth
• Types
– Open, uncluttered
– Cramped, busy
Microsoft clipart
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Texture
• The surface look or feel
• Types
– Smooth
• Reflects more light
• More intense color
– Rough
• Absorbs more light
• Appears darker
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
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Texture
©iStockphoto.com
Park Guell – Barcelona, Spain
Architect: Antonio Gaudí
Rough
Fluffy
Microsoft clipart
Smooth©iStockphoto.com
Exterior metal façade of Disney
Concert Hall
Los Angeles
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Principles of Design
• Many principles add to an interesting
design
•Balance
•Emphasis
•Contrast
•Rhythm
•Proportion
•Unity
•Economy
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Balance
• Visual and physical balance
• The distribution of elements within a
design
• Types
– Symmetrical (formal)
– Asymmetrical (informal)
– Radial
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Symmetrical (Formal) Balance
• The elements within the design are
identical in visual weight in relation to a
centerline or axis
The Taj Mahal Mausoleum
Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
©iStockphoto.com
Microsoft clipart
©iStockphoto.com
Microsoft Office clipart
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Asymmetrical (Informal) Balance
• The elements within the design are not
identical but are arranged to provide a
balanced visual weight
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
Microsoft Office clipart
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Radial Balance
• Distribution of components in a circular
pattern around a center point
Microsoft clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
Dresden Frauenkirche
Dresden, Germay
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• Used to draw attention to one area
• Focal Point – feature in a design that
attracts the eye
• Can be achieved through
– Size
– Placement
– Shape
– Contrast
– Use of lines
Emphasis
Wikipedia.org Microsoft Office clipart
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Emphasis
Microsoft clipart ©iStockphoto.com
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• The degree of relative
difference between
elements
ContrastMicrosoft Office clipart
©iStockphoto.com
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
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• Can be used to emphasize an element of
a design
Contrast
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
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• Repeated use of line, shape, color, texture
or pattern
• A harmonious pattern or sequence
• Types
– Regular
– Random
– Gradated
– Graduated
Rhythm
Microsoft Office clipart
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• An element is repeated at the same
repetition/interval
Regular Rhythm
Microsoft Office clipartMicrosoft Office clipart
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Random Rhythm
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
• The repetition of the
element is random or
situated at irregular
intervals
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Gradated Rhythm
www.wikimedia.org
Left: Stack of rocks used
as focal point in
landscaping
Microsoft Office clipart
Right: The Chinese Tower
English Gardens
Munich, Germany
Microsoft Office clipart
• The repeated element is identical with the
exception of one detail increasing or
decreasing gradually with each repetition
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Graduated Rhythm
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
• The repeated element becomes closer or
further apart
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• Comparative relationship
between elements in a
design with respect to
size
• Scale – The proportion or
size of an element in
relation to the other
elements
Proportion
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
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• The consistent use of
design elements
Unity
©iStockphoto.com
©iStockphoto.com
Microsoft Office clipart
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• Use of the bare minimum of elements
• Can be achieved by removing extraneous
elements
• In simplicity there is beauty
• Less is more
Economy
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
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Economy
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
Image courtesy Autodesk, Inc.
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Visual Design Principles and Elements Matrix