U3A 1.0 - Presentation

92

Transcript of U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Page 1: U3A 1.0 - Presentation
Page 2: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

THROUGH THE BAMBOO CURTAIN

© Minim Consulting 2016

Thanet –2016

Page 3: U3A 1.0 - Presentation
Page 4: U3A 1.0 - Presentation
Page 5: U3A 1.0 - Presentation
Page 6: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Credentials

What is the difference between a

CHINA CONSULTANT and a CHINA EXPERT?to quote a joke

doing the

rounds in

China a few

years ago …

Page 7: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Credentials

A CHINA CONSULTANT is someone

who knows more about China than you

do!

A CHINA EXPERT is someone who has

been in China for thirty minutes!

Page 8: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Credentials

BJ

SH

GZ

中文版

To be the natural choice for thenext licence issued by the Chinesegovernment to an UK insurancecompany – including by means of:

raising the company’s profileand influence in China-basedChinese and UK government,diplomatic and business circles

establishing a “circle of friends”from whom to select a jointventure partner

market intelligence andcompetitor watching

Page 9: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Credentials

Page 10: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Introduction to

Course, China &

Chinese Psyche:

Foreign Devils in

Middle Kingdom

Understanding

Chinese: How can

West and China

improve mutual

understanding?

Guanxi

(Relationships):

The “Mother of all

Networks” - or the

“Root of all Evil”?

Keqi (Humility),

Miànzi (Face), &

Xiao (Filial Piety):

Why do Chinese

behave as they do?

Understanding,

Differentiating &

Defining Cultures:

Why don’t Chinese

behave like us?

Confucianism:

Outdated Past

Philosophy - or

Today’s Model Code

of Conduct?

Page 11: U3A 1.0 - Presentation
Page 12: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

THROUGH THE BAMBOO CURTAIN – 1

An Introduction to

China and the Chinese Psyche:

Foreign Devils in the Middle Kingdom

© Minim Consulting 2016

Thanet – January 2016

Page 13: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Session Overview

LEARNING OUTCOMES

To enable you briefly to

describe in lay terms:

• Why bother about

China? Key facts about

China, both past and

present

• Misconceptions that the

West and China hold

about each other

• How and why the

Chinese view themselves

and the rest of the world

METHODOLOGY

1. Presentation

2. Group Discussion

and Presentation

3. Presentation and

Group Exercise

Page 14: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Presentation - 1

Page 15: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Why bother about China?

Page 16: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

2013: China became the world's second-largest economy

2014: Economy grew by some 7% and likely to do so again in 2015

2002 – 2011: UK exports to China rose 400% to £12.5bn

First Half 2015: UK exports to China increased by 20% to £9bn

Chinese exports to UK increased by nearly 10% to £16.7bn

Were China to sell her gold reserves in the US, she could ruin their economy

Why bother about China?

Page 17: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Of world-wide sales for the following goods,

China manufactures at least:

75% 70% 30%

30% 25% 20%

Page 18: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Key facts about China today

• 20% of world’s population

• 5% of earth’s land mass

• c. 4000 years of recorded (written) history

as follows …

Page 19: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Rise of China

500 BC

Confucius’ “Golden Rule” of reciprocity anticipates Jesus’ Second Commandment

(Session 3)

1/5

Page 20: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Rise of China

221 BC

Construction begins of GREAT WALL OF CHINA

Length: 1200 (later 1500) milesWatch-towers: every 200 yardsHeight: 25 feet

2/5

Page 21: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Rise of China

995 AD

Chinese invent paper, printing with movable type, gunpowder and magnetic

compass

3/5

Page 22: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Rise of China

1274

Marco Polo reports seeing paper money, paddle boats and coal … and is called

“The Man of a Million Lies”

4/5

Page 23: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Rise of China

1421

Admiral Zheng He discovers America? … and occupies Falkland Islands?

as follows …

5/5

Page 24: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Rise of China

15th & 16th Century Navigators

Page 25: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

15th & 16th Century NavigatorsZheng He

Nationality Chinese

Number of

Voyages7

Dates of

Voyages1405 - 1433

Number of

Ships41 - 317

Number of

Men27,500 – 30,000

Led the world’s earliest

extensive naval

expeditions, visiting 37

countries from Vietnam to

East Africa

Christopher Columbus

NationalityItalian-born, sailed

for Spain

Number of

Voyages4

Dates of

Voyages1492 -1504

Number of

Ships3 - 17

Number of

Men104 – 1,200

First European to explore

the Americas since a

largely forgotten Viking

foray 400 years earlier1/4

Page 26: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

15th & 16th Century NavigatorsZheng He

Nationality Chinese

Number of

Voyages7

Dates of

Voyages1405 - 1433

Number of

Ships41 - 317

Number of

Men27,500 – 30,000

Led the world’s earliest

extensive naval

expeditions, visiting 37

countries from Vietnam to

East Africa

Vasco de Gama

Nationality Portugese

Number of

Voyages3

Dates of

Voyages1497 - 1524

Number of

Ships4 - 14

Number of

Men??

Discovered the sea route

from Europe to India, by

rounding Africa’s Cape of

Good Hope2/4

Page 27: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

15th & 16th Century NavigatorsZheng He

Nationality Chinese

Number of

Voyages7

Dates of

Voyages1405 - 1433

Number of

Ships41 - 317

Number of

Men27,500 – 30,000

Led the world’s earliest

extensive naval

expeditions, visiting 37

countries from Vietnam to

East Africa

Ferdinand Magellan

NationalityPortugese-born,

sailed for Spain

Number of

Voyages1

Dates of

Voyages1519 - 1522

Number of

Ships5

Number of

Men270

Led the first

circumnavigation of the

globe. He was killed in the

Philippines, but one ship

made it back to Spain 3/4

Page 28: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

15th & 16th Century NavigatorsZheng He

Nationality Chinese

Number of

Voyages7

Dates of

Voyages1405 - 1433

Number of

Ships41 - 317

Number of

Men27,500 – 30,000

Led the world’s earliest

extensive naval

expeditions, visiting 37

countries from Vietnam to

East Africa

Francis Drake

Nationality English

Number of

Voyages9

Dates of

Voyages1567 - 1596

Number of

Ships2 - 30

Number of

Men166

When not battling Spain,

Drake led the second global

circumnavigation and

explored the west coast of

North America and the

Pacific4/4

Page 29: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Rise of China

1725

Emperor Yongsheng commissions the 10,000 chapter COMPLETE WORKS OF

THE FOUR TREASURIES

(largest encyclopaedia ever)

Page 30: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Fall of China

THE

OPIUM WARS

1839 - 1860

Page 31: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

The Opium Wars – 1839 to 1860According to the CIA:

“For centuries, China has stood as a leading

civilization, *outpacing the rest of the world in

the arts and sciences. But in the first half of the

20th century, China was beset by major

famines, civil unrest, military defeats, and

foreign occupation”

HOWEVER, this view conveniently overlooks the

gradual invasion of China by Western traders from

the end of the 18th Century onwards, as epitomized

by the Opium Wars(* also the leading trading nation) 1/7

Page 32: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Opium Wars - 1760The British East India Company had started

trading in Guangzhou [Canton] for porcelain,

silk and especially tea

This created a huge balance of payments in

favour of the Chinese, as they were willing

exporters but disdained importing Western

goods

2/7

Page 33: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Opium Wars - 1793Britain’s attempt to establish a trade treaty with

China was rejected by the Chinese Emperor on

the grounds that Western and other

“barbarians” could never have equality with

the Celestial Empire (an allusion to the

Confucian elevation of the Chinese Emperor to

the status of the “Son of Heaven”)

To restore the balance of trade, the British

East India Company began smuggling into

China cheap Indian opium - a drug only the

very wealthy Chinese could afford until now3/7

Page 34: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Opium Wars – 1820 to 1836As a result, the number of opium addicts

amongst ordinary Chinese escalated to such

an extent that China's trade surplus became

a deficit

The Chinese Emperor

• outlawed the opium trade

• ordered the punishment of dealers & users

• appealed to the British Queen Victoria to

end the traffic

but all to no avail4/7

Page 35: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Opium Wars – 1839 to 1842In another attempt to enforce the ban, the

Chinese authorities seized and burned

chests of opium in Guangzhou [Canton]

Consequently, the British retaliated by:

• waging the First Opium War (1839-1842)

• forcing the Chinese to open their doors to

foreign trade (giving rise to the expression

“gunboat diplomacy”)

• imposing on China the Treaty of Nanjing,

as a means of exacting the trade

preferences Britain sought 5/7

Page 36: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Opium Wars – 1856 to 1860

During the next two years France and the

USA extracted similar treaties (1843-1844)

As China’s observance of the Treaty’s terms for

the expansion of trade fell far short of the

Western powers’ expectations, Britain and

France found an excuse to renew hostilities

During the Second Opium War (1856-1860),

new treaties (known collectively as the Treaty

of Tianjin) were signed, further favouring the

West6/7

Page 37: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Opium Wars – 1856 to 1860However, the Chinese Emperor refused to

ratify the treaty. Consequently, a joint Anglo-

French expeditionary force:

• invaded the Chinese capital (Beijing)

• destroyed the Imperial Summer Palace

(allegedly in retaliation for Chinese atrocities

to Western prisoners)

• enforced the ratification of earlier treaties

by enacting the Beijing Conventions

7/7

Page 38: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Fall of China

THE UNEQUAL TREATIES

1860 - 1943

Page 39: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Unequal Treaties – 1860 to 1943The treaties that the Chinese were forced to

sign by the Western powers during and at the

end of the Opium Wars - known in China

collectively as The Unequal Treaties - and to

observe for the next 100 years (until 1943)

forcibly and unfairly:

• prohibited China from isolating herself from

the rest of the world

• dictated her relations for approximately the

next hundred years with the West both at

home and abroad1/5

Page 40: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Unequal Treaties – 1860 to 1943• changed the course of China’s social and

economic development – for example by:

• opening Shanghai and four other Treaty Ports

(known as “concessions”) to foreign trade and

residents

• ceding Hong Kong and Kowloon to Great

Britain

• handicapped the Qing dynasty permanently:

• Under Most-Favoured-Nation Clause, privileges

“granted” by China to one Treaty Power auto-

matically applied to all Powers

(This eventually spawned a network of foreign

control over the entire Chinese economy)2/5

Page 41: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Unequal Treaties – 1860 to 1943• down-graded the Chinese to second-class

citizens in their own country - for example:

• banning them and dogs from Huangpu Park in

Shanghai’s former British Concession

• subjecting them to local courts presided over

jointly by Chinese and foreign judges

• favoured foreign nationals of the Treaty

Powers living in China, granting them extra-

territoriality status, by which they were:

• subject to the laws of their homeland only

• tried by their own judges and/or at their

consulates 3/5

Page 42: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Unequal Treaties – 1860 to 1943The Treaties also:

• capped the import-duty into China at 5%,

to stop China arbitrarily imposing excessive

duties

(This denied China sufficient import duties to

protect her domestic markets and promote

economic modernization)

• enforced the presence of foreign gunboats

on the rivers and coasts of China

(Hence the origin of term “gunboat diplomacy”)

4/5

Page 43: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Unequal Treaties – 1860 to 1943“Such treaties were looked upon by the Chinese as

unpleasant but necessary concessions dictated

by unruly barbarians – who today, sadly, either

are unaware of, or choose conveniently to forget,

their inglorious colonial past, much to their shame

and China’s chagrin

Is it any wonder then that, having been treated so

badly, the Chinese may still be cagey about doing

business with foreigners; and try to exploit

Westerners’ remorse for damage their forefathers

did to China, as one of their negotiating tech-

niques”[The Chinese Business Puzzle, p. 36]

5/5

Page 44: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Fall of China

19th Century Sino-European Relations

Page 45: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

19th century Sino-European relationsChina’s attitude to the West during 19th century

was based on the inability of its ultra-conservative

Imperial dynasty to conceive of a community of

independent and equal nations. In their view, the

world comprised China on the one hand, and

the rest of the world on the other - a view that:

• was so pervasive that Chinese who promoted

greater flexibility in China’s dealings with the

West were accused of being *“Westerners with

Chinese faces”

• still persists today, to a certain point

(*Today: cf. “bananas” vs. “boiled eggs”)1/4

Page 46: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

19th century Sino-European relationsThe West’s attitude to China during 19th century

was contradictory, as they simultaneously tried to:

• undermine what they deemed restrictive trad-

ing practices by means of the “Unequal Treaties”

• support the Imperial dynasty, weakened by its

defeat in The Opium Wars

Paradoxically, their:

• objective was to carve up China for their own

purposes

• strategy had to be to keep China together

In which they were thwarted by the outbreaks of

the Chinese Revolution (1911) & World War I (1914) 2/4

Page 47: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

19th century Sino-European relationsBy means of the “Unequal Treaties”, the West

humiliated China by:

• reducing her to a semi-colonial / semi-feudal

country

• forcing her for approximately the next 100 years

to replace Confucianism with Western

science, technology, industry and management

practices

• relegating her to just one more backward

country under the heel of imperial powers

(especially Britain, France and the USA)

3/4

Page 48: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

19th century Sino-European relationsThe continual demands by foreign traders for

ever-increasing concessions gave rise to anti-

foreign popular uprisings in China - most notably

the:

• Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864): bloodiest civil

war in history with 20-30 million dead. Led by

failed civil servant, Hing Xiuquan, claiming to be

Jesus’ brother

• Boxer Rebellion (1898-1900): fierce repression

of change by Dowager Empress Tz’u Hsi causes

anti-foreign uprising and eventual end of 2,000

year-old imperial rule (in 1912)4/4

Page 49: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Key Facts

Page 50: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Break

Page 51: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Refreshment Break

Part 2

Page 52: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Group Discussion

Page 53: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

GROUP DISCUSSION - 1

“EAST IS EAST AND WEST IS WEST

AND NEVER THE TWAIN SHALL MEET”

[The Ballad of East and West, Rudyard Kipling, 1889]

Page 54: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

“What misconceptions do you think that

the West and China hold about each other,

for example as regarding the following?”

Gender Roles

Customs and Conventions

Etiquette

Greetings Non-verbal Communications

Confrontation v. Harmony

Individual v. Group

Political Perspective

Neutral v. Emotion

Religion

Clothing

Family

Climate

Architecture

Food and Drink

Page 55: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Presentation - 2

Page 56: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

How do China and the West perceive each other?

Page 57: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Whilst YOU may have no misconceptions about China,

so many Westerners do that the Chinese with whom you

come into contact may assume that you share them - and

treat you accordingly

Whilst the CHINESE WITH WHOM YOU COME INTO

CONTACT may have no misconceptions about the West,

so many Chinese do that they may assume that you

assume that they too share them - and treat you

accordingly

EAST / WEST MISUNDERSTANDINGS

Page 58: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

“Different is not wrong“

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

How do you perceive China?

Page 59: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

“Just because 70% of the world’s population behaves one way does not mean that they are right”

(American tourist in China, September 2007)

How do you perceive China?

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Page 60: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

“Judge not, that you be not judged“(RSV, Mt 7.1)

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

How do you perceive China?

Page 61: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Page 62: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

The West’s view of China

China

foot

binding

fu manchu

tiananmen

square

QUOTATIONS FROM

CHAIRMAN

MAO TSE-TUNG

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Page 63: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Page 64: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

China’s view of the West

foreign devils

long noses

technologically

advanced

morally corrupt

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Page 65: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Harris Poll, Sep-02

“an unfriendly country”

Page 66: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Beijing Review, 23-Jan-03

“Americans are from Mars,

Chinese are from Venus”

“We are ready to be your

friends while keeping our

characteristics: how about

you?”

Page 67: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Page 68: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

China’s view of the UK

City Weekend, 13&26-Feb-03

foggysherlock

holmes

“a nation stuck

in the past”

City Weekend, Feb-03“men in bowler

hats walking at a clip

with noses in the air”

?

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Page 69: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

“doffing servants living below stairs in large country houses”

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Page 70: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

“Britain is seen by the Chinese as an

expensive, old-fashioned, bureaucratic

and slightly miserable place to visit,

according to British tourist chiefs”

“With the Olympics in Beijing less than

a fortnight away, they are preparing to

launch a charm offensive on the world's

most populous nation to break down

the stereotype that the British are all

about Charles Dickens and Sherlock

Holmes”

“Prospective Chinese tourists view

Britain through detective novels and old

films such as The 39 Steps, associating

the country with bowler hats, fog and

bearded men with walking sticks”

The Times, 28-Jul-08

Page 71: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Key Facts

Page 72: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Part 3

Page 73: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Presentation - 3

Page 74: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

The Chinese Psyche

Page 75: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Page 76: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

The West’s

view of

itself

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

China’s

view of

herself

Page 77: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

The West’s

view of

itself

China’s

view of

herself

1839

2016

“If you don’t like us, we’ll beat

you up” (Unhappy China, 2009)

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Page 78: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Explanation

of …

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

China’s

view of

herself

Page 79: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

(c) Minim Consulting, 2016

Page 80: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Group Exercise

Page 81: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Value change --------------------------------|--------------------------------- Value tradition

Specificity in communicating -------------|------------- Vagueness in communicating

Analytical, linear problem solving ------|---------- Intuitive, lateral problem-solving

Emphasis on individual performance --|--------- Emphasis on group performance

Communication primarily verbal ---------|---- Communication primarily non-verbal

Emphasis on task & product -------------|---- Emphasis on relationship & process

Preference to express differences -----|-------------------- Preference for harmony

More horizontal organisation -------------|------------------ More vertical organisation

Informal tone ---------------------------------|------------------------------------ Formal tone

Competition -----------------------------------|----------------------------------- Collaboration

Rigid adherence to time -------------------|----------------- Flexible adherence to time

WHAT ARE YOUR PREFERENCES (“X”), AND WHAT DO YOU

THINK ARE THOSE OF THE CHINESE (“Y”), AS REGARDS …

Page 82: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Value change --------------------------------|--------------------------------- Value tradition

Specificity in communicating -------------|------------- Vagueness in communicating

Analytical, linear problem solving ------|---------- Intuitive, lateral problem-solving

Emphasis on individual performance --|--------- Emphasis on group performance

Communication primarily verbal ---------|---- Communication primarily non-verbal

Emphasis on task & product -------------|---- Emphasis on relationship & process

Preference to express differences -----|-------------------- Preference for harmony

More horizontal organisation -------------|------------------ More vertical organisation

Informal tone ---------------------------------|------------------------------------ Formal tone

Competition -----------------------------------|----------------------------------- Collaboration

Rigid adherence to time -------------------|----------------- Flexible adherence to time

WHAT ARE YOUR PREFERENCES (“X”), AND WHAT DO YOU

THINK ARE THOSE OF THE CHINESE (“Y”), AS REGARDS …

Page 83: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Key Facts

Page 84: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Handouts

Page 85: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Handouts

Daily Mail Weekend Supplement

9th June 2001

BRIEF HISTORY OF CHINA and OPIUM WARS

E-book

(Unknown)

20th CENTURY CHINA IN PHOTOGRAPHS

Andrew M Williamson

How to Books, Oxford, 2003

THE CHINESE BUSINESS PUZZLE - 2: SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Page 86: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

End

Page 87: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

THROUGH THE BAMBOO CURTAIN – 1

Any Questions?

Page 88: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Look Forward

Session 2

Page 89: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

THROUGH THE BAMBOO CURTAIN – 2

Understanding, Defining and Differentiating

between Different Cultures:

Why don’t the Chinese behave like us?

© Minim Consulting 2016

Thanet – February 2016

Page 90: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Session Overview

LEARNING OUTCOMES

To enable you briefly to

describe in lay terms:

1. the sociological concept

of “culture” and how it

may affect behaviour

2. the behaviours that

differentiate cultures

3. how and why Western

and Chinese behaviour

differ, with reference to

established cultural

models

METHODOLOGY

1. Group Discussion

2. Presentation

3. Group Exercise

Page 91: U3A 1.0 - Presentation

Notices

Page 92: U3A 1.0 - Presentation