SecondInternational Conference

onRecent Advances in

Geotechnical EarthquakeEngineering and Soil Dynamics

March 11-15, 1991

.

\u:

Vol.1Editor: Shamsher Prakash

St. Louis, MO 1991

University of Missouri-Rolla

Rolla, Missouri

Table of Contents

Volume I

Session IStatic and Dynamic Engineering Soil Parameters and Constitutive Relations of Soils

Page No.

Matthew Raybould A Cyclic Triaxial Facility for Loading a Silty Clay 1.1 1(UK)

Marte Gutierrez Modelling the Deformation of Sand During Cyclic Rotation of Principal Stress(NORWAY) Directions 1.3 7Kenji IshiharaDcuo Tbwhata(JAPAN)

H.V. Phuong Truong Lumped Parameters in Permanent Displacement 1.5 13(AUSTRALIA)

Bohumil Svoboda Variation of the Soil Geotechnical Properties at Dynamic Loading 1.8 17(CZECHOSLOVAKIA)

Meei-Ling Lin Degradation Behavior of Normally Consolidated Clay Under Cyclic LoadingJiang-Yuan Chen Condition 1.9 21(CHINA)

Pei-Ji Yu Dynamic Properties of Saturated Coal Fly Ash 1.10 27Wei-Qin Qin(CHINA)

Chung-Jung Lee Deformation of Sand Under Cyclic Simple Shear Loading 1.12 33(CHINA)

Ronaldo I. Borja Modeling the Monotonic and Cyclic Viscoplastic Soil Behavior 1.14 37(USA)

Tamotsu Matsui Degradation of Saturated Clays After Cyclic Loading 1.18 41Nobuharu AbeMohamed A. Bahr(JAPAN)

Peter M. Byrne A Cyclic Shear-Volume Coupling and Pore Pressure Model for Sand 1.24 47(CANADA)

Peter M. Byrne GMAX From Pressuremeter Tests: Theory; Chamber Tests; and FieldFrancisco Salgado Measurements 1.25 57J.A. Howie(CANADA)

Du Jian The Dynamic Properties of Carbonate Sands From Seabed 1.29 65Zhu LonggenWu Xiaofeng(CHINA)

Victor N. Kaliakin Application of the Elastoplastic-Viscoplastic Bounding Surface Model to Cyclic(USA) Loading 1.31 69

v

Session I continued

R.G. CampanellaW.R Stewart(CANADA)

W.R StewartR.G. Campanella(CANADA)

Anil MisraChing S. Chang(USA)

Thomas G. ThomannRoman D. Hyrciw(USA)

Supot TeachavorasinskunSatoru ShibuyaFumio TatsuokaHiroyuki KatoNoriyuki Horii(JAPAN)

C.Y. ChangCM. MokM.S. PowerY.K. TangH.T. TangJ.C. Stepp(USA)

Per B. SeinesFarrokh Nadim(NORWAY)

Vijay K. PuriBraja M. Das(USA)James A. Chae(SINGAPORE)

W. HenkeR. Henke(USA)

Lien Kwei ChienJ.C. Li(CHINA)

Fumio TatsuokaKatsuhiko YamadaMasahiko YasudaShin-ichi YamadaSusumu Manabe(JAPAN)

T. Doanh(FRANCE)

Page No.

Downhole Seismic Cone Analysis Using Digital Signal Processing 1.32 77

Insitu Measurement of Damping of Soils 1.33 83

Mechanical Properties of Cemented Sands Based on Inter-Particle Contact

Behavior 1.34 93Seismic Downhole, CPT, and DMT Correlations in Sand 1.37 97

Stiffness and Damping of Sands in Torsion Shear 1.40 103

Development of Shear Modulus Reduction Curves Based on Lotung DownholeGround Motion Data 1.44 I l l

Effects of Hysteretic Shape on Dynamic Response 1.46 119

Cyclic Load Resistance of Vertically Reinforced Sand Subgrades 1.47 125

In Situ Torsional Cylindrical Shear Test - Laboratory Results 1.48 131

Electrical Conductivity for Evaluating Fabric and Mechanical Behavior of GranularSoils 1.49 137

Cyclic Undrained Behavior of an Undisturbed Gravel for Aseismic Design of aBridge Foundation 1.50 141

Cyclic Non-Linear Constitutive Equations for Sands 1.52 149

vi

Session I continued

Daniel E. NormandeauThomas E Zimmie(USA)

Hiroshi MatsuzawaMasahiro Sugimura(JAPAN)

Predrag KvasnickaTomislav Ivsic(YUGOSLAVIA)

Phong M. Luong(FRANCE)

V.D. Miglani(INDIA)

O. HameuryT. Doanh(FRANCE)

Y.S. Golait(INDIA)

Matti Hakulinen(FINLAND)

J.S. PhillipsB.A. Luke(USA)

Farhat H. SiddiqiRichard J. Fragaszy(USA)

Kichio SuzukiRyouichi BabasakiYoshio Suzuki(JAPAN)

Lary R. LenkeRonald Y.S. PakHon-Yim Ko(USA)

H.S. LiuK.J. Chen(CHINA)

Tomoyuki InukaiTamio ImazawaMasanori IzumiEisuke Tanimoto(JAPAN)

Page No.

The Effect of Frequency of Cyclic Loading on Earth Structures and FoundationSoils 1.55 153

Cyclic Undrained Behavior of Saturated Sand Under Monotonic Loading 1.56 163

Presentation of the Porewater Pressure Buildup Using Moroto's and State

Parameter 1.59 171

Energy-Absorbing Ability of Texsol 1.60 175

An Estimation of Dynamic Properties of Soils From Block Vibration Tests 1.62 . . . . 183

Cyclic Undrained Tests Along Constant Axial Stress on Hollow Cylinder 1.64 191

Session IIModel Testing in Cyclic Loading

An Approach to Characterise Cyclic Deflection of Piles in Calcareous Soil MediaUnder Offshore Wave Loading Conditions 2.2 195

Measured Full-Scale Dynamic Lateral Pile Responses in Clay and in Sand 2.3 201

Tunnel Damage Resulting From Seismic Loading 2.4 207

Cyclic Strength Evaluation of Rockfill Dam 2.5 219

Liquefaction Tests by a Laminar Box in a Centrifuge 2.10 225

Centrifugal Modeling of a Pile Under Vertical Random Excitation 2.13 229

Test on Behavior of Pile Foundation in Liquefiable Soils 2.15 233

Experimental Studies on an Embedded Soil-Structure Interaction in a Case of HardSupporting Ground 2.17*

*See Paper 5.29

vn

Session II continued

Itaru KurosawaShohara RyoichiMasanori IzumiKinji Akino(JAPAN)

Susumu YasudaHideo NagaseHiroyoshi Kiku(JAPAN)

M.C. JanesED. BerminghamR.C. Horvath(CANADA)

Yasushi SasakiKen-ichi TokidaHideo MatsumotoSyoichi Saya(JAPAN)

Makoto WatabeMasao HayashiKenji IshiharaKinji AkinoSetsuo IizukaTetsuichi UkitaTsutomu YamazakiTakaaki KonnoSadao SuzukiKoji KitazawaYoshio SuzukiTakashi MatsudaKiyonari MoriKiyoshi Nagai(JAPAN)

A. Ben AmarPh. LepertD. LevacherP. Boisard(FRANCE)

Li YanPeter M. Byrne(CANADA)

S.W. Yan(CHINA)D.J. Williams(AUSTRALIA)

Takeshi FujimoriIbmohiko TsunodaMasanori IzumiKinji Akino(JAPAN)

Laboratory Tests on Embedded Reactor Building on Soft Ground 2.18

Page No.

, . . . 237

Shaking Table Tests on Permanent Ground Displacement Due toLiquefaction 2.19 245

An Innovative Dynamic Test Method for Piles 2.20 253

Experimental Study on Lateral Flow of Ground Due to Soil Liquefaction 2.22 263

Large Scale Field Tests on Quaternary Sand and Gravel Deposits for SeismicSiting Technology 2.26 271

Shaft Resistance During Driving in Clay From Laboratory Tests 2.27 291

Stress State and Stress Ratio Effects in Downhole and Crosshole Shear WaveVelocity Tests on Sands 2.28 299

Deformation of Reconstituted Clay Under Cyclic Loading 2.29 307

Large-Scale Model Forced-Vibration Test Comparison of Test Results on Hard andSoft Ground 2.31 311

vin

Session II continued Page No.

Hiroshi Hibino Laboratory Tests on Embedded Reactor Building on Hard Ground 2.32 319Ken-ichi MoriyamaMasanori IzumiYukiharu Kiya(JAPAN)

Session IIIDeformation and Liquefaction of Sands, Silts, Gravels, and Clays

Hong Xia Sand Liquefaction With Initial Pore Pressures 3.1 327(CANADA)

Junfei Xie Analysis of Liquefaction Hazard Due to Earthquake 3.2 331Zhaoji Shi(CHINA)

Zhi-ying Xu Analysis of Liquefiable Sand Deposits Using Gravel Drains 3.5 335(CHINA)

Pramod N. Agrawal Liquefaction During Two Moderate-Recent Earthquakes in India 3.6 341(INDIA)

Julio E. Valera Liquefaction Analysis for Rubber Dam and Review of Case Histories ofJon Y. Kaneshiro Liquefaction of Gravels 3.7 347(USA)

Kohji Tokimatsu Liquefaction Potential Evaluation Based on Rayleigh Wave Investigation and ItsShinichi Kuwayama Comparison With Field Behavior 3.8 357Shuji Tamura(JAPAN)

K. Yasuhara Earthquake-Induced Settlement in Soft Grounds 3.9 365M. HyodoT. KonamiK. Hirao(JAPAN)

Shunji Fujii Applicability of Effective Stress Analysis for the Soil-Structure System in Design(JAPAN) Practice 3.10 371

Man Saeed Liquefaction Potential of Sand Layers in Foundations of an Embankment(MALAYSIA) Dam 3.11 379

E Reyna Dilatometer Based Liquefaction Potential of Sites in the Imperial Valley 3.13 385XL. Chameau(USA)

C. Robert Ullrich Dynamic Properties of Fine-Grained Coal Refuse 3.14 393Nancy R. RobertsBarry K. Thacker(USA)

Y. Tanaka Dynamic Strength of Gravelly Soils and Its Relation to the PenetrationK. Kokusho Resistance 3.16 399K. KudoY. Yoshida(JAPAN)

ix

Session III continued

J. Ludwig FigueroaNitin Dahisaria(USA)

Geoffrey R. MartinChan-Feng TsaiKandiah Arulmoli(USA)

Shin'ya NishioKatsuyuki Tamaoki(JAPAN)

Yihui QiuShuju FanWeiyuan FanMeiyun Shi(CHINA)

Du JianZhang Lianyang(CHINA)

Yoshiro OnoKatsuhiko ItoYutaka NakajimaHiroshi Oishi(JAPAN)

Bhagwat V.K. LavaniaS. MukerjeeJ.N. Sharma(INDIA)

Mohammed H. BaziarRicardo Dobry(USA)

Nakul DevShenbaga R. Kaniraj(INDIA)

Tadahiko ShiomiYoshimasa ShigenoMichio SugumotoYoshio Suzuki(JAPAN)

Hiroshi MatsudaSukeo OharaEiichi Hoshiyama(JAPAN)

Masayuki HyodoHidekazu MurataNoriyuki YasufukuTakeharu Konami(JAPAN)

Page No.

An Energy Approach in Defining Soil Liquefaction 3.17 407

A Practical Assessment of Site Liquefaction Effects and RemediationNeeds 3.18 411

Index of Shear Wave Velocity in Diluvial Gravel Samples 3.19 419

Twice Dynamic Consolidation-An Unusual Application in Treating LiquefiableSaturated Sandy Loam Deposits 3.21 425

Prediction of Field Sand Liquefaction Caused by Earthquake by Optimum SeekingMethod 3.23 431

Efficient Installation of Gravel Drains 3.24 437

Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential for an Earth Dam Site 3.26 445

Liquefaction Ground Deformation Predicted from Laboratory Tests 3.28 451

Prediction of Liquefaction Behavior of Cohesionless Soils 3.30 459

Influence of Liquefaction to Pile-Soil-Structure Interaction 3.34 465

Settlement Calculations of Clay Layers Induced by Earthquake 3.35 473

Dynamic Strength and Permanent Deformation of Saturated Sand 3.36 481

Session III continued

Masakatsu MiyajimaMasaru Kitaura(JAPAN)

Y.L. CaoK.T. Law(CANADA)

Alex SyR.G. Campanella(CANADA)

Huishan LiuLunian WongChengchuen Wang(CHINA)

Jiro Kuwano(JAPAN)Chen Shih-Chang(THAILAND)

Sudhir K. JainRaghunath P. TripathiAnil K. Agrawal(INDIA)

Satoshi Morio(JAPAN)

Panos DakoulasYuanhui Sun(USA)

H.C. Fei (CHINA)R.D. Woods (USA)Y.W. Wu (CHINA)

H.C. FeiELu(CHINA)

Masanori HamadaSusumu YasudaKazue Wakamatsu(JAPAN)

C.K. ShenX.S. LiZhiliang Wang(USA)

leparaksa Wanchai(THAILAND)

Limin ZhangTing Hu(CHINA)

Limin ZhangTing Hu(CHINA)

Page No.

Experiments on Soil Spring Constants During Liquefaction 3.37 487

Energy Approach for Liquefaction of Sandy and Clayey Silts 3.38 491

An Alternative Method of Measuring SPT Energy 3.39 499

Slides of River Banks Concerning Lateral Spread of Liquefaction 3.40 507

Deformation of Coarse Materials Associated with Cyclic Loadings 3.43 515

Geotechnical Damage Due to Bihar Earthquake of August 1988 3.44 519

Liquefaction Analysis by Multi-Surface Model 3.45 525

Behavior of Fine Sand Under Cyclic Rotation of Principal Stresses Using theHollow Cylinder Apparatus 3.46 535

Dynamic Properties of Soft Ground in Shanghai 3.48 543

The Characteristics of Residual Strength of Silt Under LiquefactionConditions 3.49 547

Liquefaction Induced Permanent Ground Displacement in Niigata City 3.51 553

Pore Pressure Response During 1986 Lotung Earthquake 3.54 557

Utilization of Cone Penetration Test to Evaluate Liquefaction Potential

of Soils 3.55 565Liquefaction Potential Prediction by Multiple Stage MultifactorialEvaluation 3.56 571

An Elastoplastic Model for Sand Liquefaction 3.57 575

xi

Session III continued

V.S. Pillai(CANADA)

Zhang JianminXie Dingyi(CHINA)

Zhang JianminXie Dingyi(CHINA)

Wu Yuejin(CHINA)

Ammar DhouibGrant Knochenmus(FRANCE)

Cetin Soydemir(USA)

R OrtigosaH. Musante(CHILE)

D.G. Elms(ENGLAND)R. Richards Jr.(USA)

Sreenivas AlampalliAhmed-W. Elgamal(USA)

Masami FukuokaKiyohiro OkedoiKen-ichirou OzakiKakuhiro NakayamaShun-ichi Diara(JAPAN)

Susumu IaiTomohiro Kameoka(JAPAN)

Raj SiddharthanPrakash K. GowdaGary M. Norris(USA)

D.M. Dewaikar(MALAYSIA)

Page No.

Liquefaction Analysis of Sands: Some Interpretation of Seed's K a (Sloping Ground)and Ka (Depth) Correction Factors Using Steady State Concept 3.62 579

Some Key Problems in Calculating Seismic Pore Water Pressure 3.67 589

Semi-Analytical Iteration Algorithm of Seismic Pore Pressure 3.68 599

Liquefaction Criterion for Sand Deposits During Earthquake 3.70 605

Session IVDynamic Earth Pressures and Seismic Design of Earth Retaining

Structures

Study and Design of Earth Reinforced Structures Under Dynamic Efforts 4.5 609

Seismic Design of Rigid Underground Walls in New England 4.6 613

Seismic Earth Pressures Against Structures with Restrained Displacements 4.8 621

Comparison of Limit-State Seismic Earth Pressure Theories 4.9 629

Retaining Walls; Computation of Seismically Induced Deformations 4.10 635

Stability of Fiber Reinforced Sand Retaining Walls 4.12 643

Effective Stress Analysis of a Sheet Pile Quaywall 4.14 649

Displacement Based Design of Retaining Walls 4.15 657

Dynamic Earth Pressure Distribution Behind Retaining Walls 4.22 663

xii

Session IV continued

George GazetasPanos Dakoulas(USA)

H.V. Phuong Truong(AUSTRALIA)

A. AlvappillaiM. ZamanM.O. Faruque(USA)

Mamoru KanataniKoichi NishiJun-ichi ToumaMasayuki OhnamiHiroyuki Namita(JAPAN)

J.M. Ferritto(USA)

R.D. PurkayasthaS. Dey(INDIA)

Chin-Hsiung Loh(CHINA)

R. Richards Jr. (USA)D.G. Elms (ENGLAND)M. Budhu (USA)

E.V. BerezantsevaYu G. KozminA.M. Uzdin(USSR)

Margaret LongstrethFrederick E TajirianAlan Appleford(USA)

Takashi AkiyoshiKunihiko Fuchida(JAPAN)

Shoei NomuraKohji TokimatsuYasuhiro Shamoto(JAPAN)

V. IlyichevA. Shlyakis(USSR)

Page No.

Seismic Design Chart for Anchored Bulkheads 4.23 667

Session VSoil Structure Interaction Under Dynamic Loading

Parametric Study of Horizontal Permanent Displacement on Sand 5.3 675

Dynamic Response of Foundations on Two-Parameter Media 5.5 679

Numerical Simulation of Shaking Table Test by Nonlinear Response AnalysisMethod 5.6 685

Soil-Structure Interaction at the Waterfront 5.7 693

Behavior of Cyclically Loaded Model Piles in Soft Clay 5.8 701

Stochastic Response of Lifeline to Spatial Variation of Seismic Waves 5.9 711

Seismic Fluidization and Foundation Behavior 5.11 719

The Soil-Structure Interaction in Bridge Dynamics Problems 5.13 725

Soil Structure Interaction Analysis of a Deeply Embedded Reactor Silo 5.14 729

Anti-Seismic Reinforcement of Pipelines in a Liquified Ground 5.15 737

Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction During Liquefaction 5.16 743

Pile Foundation Harmonic Vibration Determined by Wave Difractionon Piles 5.20 751

xiii

Session V continued

L.R. Stavnitser(USSR)

Mark A. KlyachkoAlexander M. Uzdin(USSR)

Nafiz Camlibel(TURKEY)

Yu OuyangDavid L. AllenVincent P. Drnevich(USA)

Xinjian Zhang(CHINA)Isao IshibashiLeon R.L. Wang(USA)

Koichi KobayashiNozomu YoshidaShintaro Yao(JAPAN)

Yoshiaki NagatakiHiroaki Senoo(JAPAN)

Tomoyuki InukaiTamio ImazawaMasanori IzumiEisuke Tanimoto(JAPAN)

Shahid AhmadS.M. Mamoon(USA)

N. MoriT. Kondo(JAPAN)

M.H. MaherS.J. LacyE Venancio-Filho(USA)

E.A. MaragakisB.M. DouglasS. VrontinosS. Abdel-Ghaffar(USA)

Kensuke Baba(JAPAN)

Chin-Hsu LinTeresa M. Adams(USA)

Page No.

Deformation of Soil to Seismic Waves Reflected on Foundation 5.21 755

Peculiarities of Soil Structure Interaction in Construction with ArtificialBases 5.22 759

Earthquake Damages Influenced by Soil Conditions in Historical Buildings inIstanbul 5.23 765

Analysis of Bridges for Seismic Hazard Mitigation In Kentucky 5.24 769

Lateral Stiffness and Damping Coefficient of Soils for Seismic Analysis of BuriedPipelines 5.25 779

Dynamic Compliance of Pile Group Considering Nonlinear Behavior AroundPiles 5.26 785

Earthquake Resistant Piles Reinforced with Ground Walls 5.28 793

Experimental Studies on an Embedded Soil-Structure Interaction in a Case of HardSupporting Ground 5.29 797

Seismic Response of Floating Piles to Obliquely Incident Waves 5.30 805

Experimental Studies on the Dynamic Behavior of Soft Clay Ground-StructuresSupported by Friction Pile Foundations 5.31 815

Effect of Soil Treatment on the Dynamic Response of Machine Foundations 5.33 . . . 821

Soil-Structure Interaction Effects on the Response of Meloland Bridge 5.38 827

Dynamical Analysis of Soil-Piles Interaction Systems Under Earthquake TypeLoadings 5.39 835

A Hybrid Model for Soil-Foundation Compliance 5.40 841

xiv

Session V continued

Yuji MiyamotoYasuhiro OhtsukaAtsunobu FukuokaMasanori IzumiToshiaki Nasuda(JAPAN)

Takuji KoboriMasaaki NakazawaKatsuichiro HijikataYoshinao KobayashiKenji MiuraYuji MiyamotoTakafumi Moroi(JAPAN)

Takaaki Kagawa(USA)

S.K. ThakkarP.R. BoseD.K. Mazumdar(INDIA)

Wang Fuming(CHINA)

Toyoaki NogamiJun OtaniKazuo Konagai(JAPAN)

Shiming WuYunmin ChenYuanqiang CaiLongzhu Chen(CHINA)

John E WolfAntonio Paronesso(SWrrZERLAND)

Dan Mircea GhiocelTraian MaunaDan Ghiocel(ROMANIA)

Wenyao HuZhengyuan Xia(CHINA)

Zifa Wang(CHINA)

Kosta TalaganovMisko Cubrinovski(YUGOSLAVIA)

Toyoaki NogamiH. Wayne JonesReed L. Mosher(USA)

Page No.

Experimental Studies on an Embedded Structure-Soil Interaction 5.41 845

Study on Dynamic Characteristics of a Pile Group Foundation 5.42 853

Seismic Response of Axially Loaded Pile Group 5.46 861

Seismic Behavior of Bridges Considering Soil-Structure Interaction 5.47 869

Dynamic Response of Flexible Foundations on Multi-layered Medium 5.48 875

Nonlinear Time Domain Numerical Model for Pile Group Under Transient DynamicForces 5.51 881

Analysis of Pile-Soil Dynamic Interaction by Combination of BEM andFEM 5.55 889

Lumped-Parameter Model for Foundation on Layer 5.57 895

Evaluation of Seismic Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) by DifferentApproaches 5.59 907

Seismic Response Analysis of a Thick Overburden Consisting of Loose and Soft

Soil 5.60 915

A Comparison and Study on Artificial Boundaries: Conceptual Aspects 5.63 921

Soil-Structure Interaction Effects Based on Recorded Strong Motions During

Earthquakes 5.67 925Seismic Response Analysis of Pile-Supported Structure: Assessment of CommonlyUsed Approximations 5.69 931

xv

Session V continued Page No.

Anshuli Arya Pile Group Stiffness for Seismic Soil-Structure Interaction 5.71 941Anand S. Arya(INDIA)

Adel A. Mahmoud Nonlinear Analysis of Circular Plates on Nonlinear Foundation 5.72 947Hazem B. GheithMohamed A. Nassar(EGYPT)

Phong M. Luong Dynamic Behavior of Slender Structures on Their Prestressed Foundations 5.74 . . . . 953(FRANCE)

John G.Z.Q. Wang Seismic Effect Evaluation for Underground Spaee and Structures 5.75 961(CANADA)Jun Xiong Li(HONG KONG)

M. Sobaih Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Building-Foundation Soil Systems 5.76 965A.H. MahmoudA. GabrM.M. Bahloul(EGYPT)

Celso Romanel A Hybrid Modeling of Soil-Structure Interaction Problems 5.77 969(BRAZIL)Tribikram Kundu(USA)

Somnath Bandyopadhyay Response of Pile Under Dynamic Loading 5.79 975(INDIA)

Author Index 979

xvi