Tyre Mechanics

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TYRE MECHANICS TYRE MECHANICS BY :- BY :- RAGHAVENDRA.R.G RAGHAVENDRA.R.G VIII Semester VIII Semester Mechanical Mechanical Department Department PESIT PESIT

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Transcript of Tyre Mechanics

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TYRE TYRE MECHANICSMECHANICS

BY :-BY :- RAGHAVENDRA.R.G RAGHAVENDRA.R.G

VIII SemesterVIII Semester

Mechanical DepartmentMechanical Department

PESITPESIT

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OUTLINE OF TYRE MECHANICSOUTLINE OF TYRE MECHANICS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION HISTORY BEHIND TYRE EVOLUTIONHISTORY BEHIND TYRE EVOLUTION MANUFACTURING TYRESMANUFACTURING TYRES PROPERTIESPROPERTIES WEAR AND TEARWEAR AND TEAR CONCLUSION AND REFRENCESCONCLUSION AND REFRENCES

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

A A TYRETYRE is termed as a steel ring which is termed as a steel ring which forms the periphery of a running wheel it is forms the periphery of a running wheel it is shrunk , bolted , riveted or otherwise shrunk , bolted , riveted or otherwise fastened around a wheel centerfastened around a wheel center

Tyres are rolled from blooms of bessemer Tyres are rolled from blooms of bessemer steel whose section is that of frustrum of a steel whose section is that of frustrum of a cone , the center being punched out and the cone , the center being punched out and the shape being imparted by rolling on open shape being imparted by rolling on open end rolls.end rolls.

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HISTORYHISTORY• CHARLES GOODYEARCHARLES GOODYEAR invented vulcanised invented vulcanised

rubber in 1844 that was later used in tyres.rubber in 1844 that was later used in tyres.• In 1888 In 1888 JOHN DUNLOPJOHN DUNLOP invented pneumatic invented pneumatic

tyres which were used in bicycles.tyres which were used in bicycles.• In 1895 In 1895 ANDRE MICHELINANDRE MICHELIN was the first person was the first person

to use pneumatic tyres on automobile but was not to use pneumatic tyres on automobile but was not successfulsuccessful

• In 1911 In 1911 PHILIP STRAUSSPHILIP STRAUSS invented the first tyre invented the first tyre which was a combination of tyre and air filled which was a combination of tyre and air filled inner tubeinner tube

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• In 1903 In 1903 P W LICHFIELDP W LICHFIELD of goodyear company of goodyear company patented the first tubeless tyre which was never patented the first tubeless tyre which was never expolited commerciallyexpolited commercially

• In 1908 In 1908 FRANK SIEBERLINGFRANK SIEBERLING invented grooved invented grooved tyres which improved road tractiontyres which improved road traction

• In 1910 In 1910 B F GOODRICHB F GOODRICH invented long life tyres invented long life tyres by adding carbon to the rubberby adding carbon to the rubber

• GOODRICHGOODRICH was the person who invented was the person who invented synthetic tyres in 1937synthetic tyres in 1937

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CHARLES GOODYEARCHARLES GOODYEAR WAS THE FIRST PERSON WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO INVENT THE TO INVENT THE TECHNIQUE OF ADDING TECHNIQUE OF ADDING SULPHUR TO HARDEN SULPHUR TO HARDEN THE RUBBER POPULARLY THE RUBBER POPULARLY KNOWN AS KNOWN AS VULCANISATION WHICH VULCANISATION WHICH GAVE AN OPENING TO GAVE AN OPENING TO THE FIELD OF RUBBER THE FIELD OF RUBBER MECHANICS MECHANICS

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MANUFACTURING TYRESMANUFACTURING TYRESThere are basically 10 steps involved in the There are basically 10 steps involved in the manufacturing of tyres:-manufacturing of tyres:-

Bead wires are Bead wires are set as applicators,set as applicators, bead joints are set bead joints are set

in the right placein the right place to avoid to avoid imbalance. imbalance.

Carcass BuildingCarcass Building

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Inner liner is rotated at one Inner liner is rotated at one drum and rotated around drum and rotated around the drum at one turn , the the drum at one turn , the joint is cut with a hot knife joint is cut with a hot knife so that the diagonal end is so that the diagonal end is at the top. at the top.

Cord ply mountings are set Cord ply mountings are set and rotated around the and rotated around the drum at one end the cord is drum at one end the cord is cut by a wire by cut by a wire by overlapping 2-5 wires overlapping 2-5 wires

Body Ply: Mounting

Inner Liner

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Bead mounting is done Bead mounting is done automatically , edges automatically , edges are turned up with are turned up with bladders and over the bladders and over the beads and stitched beads and stitched tightlytightly

Sidewalls are set Sidewalls are set around the drum in one around the drum in one end and rotated in one end and rotated in one turn , sidewall is set turn , sidewall is set and seam is attached to and seam is attached to it manuallyit manually

Sidewall Mounting and Joining

Bead Wire Mounting and Turn-Up

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Steel belt tables go Steel belt tables go down to the drum down to the drum automatically and is automatically and is cut by a hot knife cut by a hot knife setting it manuallysetting it manually

The end of nylon cap The end of nylon cap ply is set at the drum ply is set at the drum in the middle of steel in the middle of steel belts , bandage is belts , bandage is wound on the steel wound on the steel belts 1-2 timesbelts 1-2 times

Cap Ply: Mounting and Joining

Tread Package

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Tread is pulled onto to Tread is pulled onto to the drum automatically the drum automatically and joined to the end and joined to the end

Carcass(1Carcass(1stst stage) and stage) and tread(2tread(2ndnd stage) are stage) are joined together joined together automatically , carcass automatically , carcass and tread are and tread are pressurized to the pressurized to the flange and then stitched flange and then stitched together automatically together automatically

First and Second Stage Coupling

Tread Mounting

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After preparing the After preparing the green tyre it is further green tyre it is further subjected to painting subjected to painting where anti blemish where anti blemish chemicals are used.chemicals are used.

Green Tyre

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PROPERTIESPROPERTIES Aspect Ratio and Rim / Pan WidthAspect Ratio and Rim / Pan Width ..

Aspect ratio =Section height/ Section widthAspect ratio =Section height/ Section width The actual dimensions of a tyre are The actual dimensions of a tyre are

dependent on the rim on which it is dependent on the rim on which it is mounted. The dimension that changes the mounted. The dimension that changes the most is the tyre's section width; a change of most is the tyre's section width; a change of about 0.2" for every 0.5" change in rim about 0.2" for every 0.5" change in rim width.width.

The ratio between the section width and the The ratio between the section width and the rim width is pretty important. If the rim rim width is pretty important. If the rim width is too narrow, you pinch the tyre in width is too narrow, you pinch the tyre in and cause it to balloon more in cross-and cause it to balloon more in cross-section. If the rim width is too wide, you section. If the rim width is too wide, you run the risk of the tyre ripping away at high run the risk of the tyre ripping away at high speed.speed.

Aspect ratio is, as you know if you read Aspect ratio is, as you know if you read the bit above, the ratio of the tyre's section the bit above, the ratio of the tyre's section height to its section width. The aspect ratio height to its section width. The aspect ratio is sometimes referred to as the tyre 'series'. is sometimes referred to as the tyre 'series'. So a 50-series tyre means one with an So a 50-series tyre means one with an aspect ratio of 50%. The maths is pretty aspect ratio of 50%. The maths is pretty simple and the resulting figure is stamped simple and the resulting figure is stamped on all tyres as part of the sizing on all tyres as part of the sizing information: information:

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WEAR AND TEARWEAR AND TEAR

Under-inflationUnder-inflation Over-inflationOver-inflationCorrect

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION With use of tyres, all cars will show signs of With use of tyres, all cars will show signs of

wear and tear and this is allowed for under the wear and tear and this is allowed for under the Scheme.Scheme.

Hence we have provide some advice to help Hence we have provide some advice to help you ensure your car remains safe and in good you ensure your car remains safe and in good working condition.working condition.

Unavoidable minor damage caused by a Unavoidable minor damage caused by a wheelchair, or other mobility aid, will be wheelchair, or other mobility aid, will be accepted as fair wear and tear. If you want to accepted as fair wear and tear. If you want to protect an area of your car ensure smooth protect an area of your car ensure smooth drivingdriving

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I HEREBY THANK ALL THE STAFF I HEREBY THANK ALL THE STAFF MEMBERS AND STUDENTS OF MEMBERS AND STUDENTS OF MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT FOR MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT FOR GIVING ME AN OPPURTUNITY TO GIVING ME AN OPPURTUNITY TO PRESENT MY SEMINARPRESENT MY SEMINAR

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