TYPING YOUR PAPERBEFORE YOU START, PLEASE READ YOUR RUBRIC ENTIRELY AND ASK QUESTIONS IF YOU HAVE ANY!

Your final paper is due Wednesday, Nov. 20 by 2:30. Please make sure you are using your time

wisely and efficiently. Even if you miss days from class, your paper is still due by the due date!!!!!

Make use of Guided Study and after school. Also, if you want to use the Media Center or Tech

Center to type during Guided Study, you must sign up by 7:30 the morning of.

As you type each section of your paper…

• Please use this power point as a guide to help you put together the best possible paper.

• If you are confused or need additional explanation, PLEASE ask!!! Don’t suffer in silence.

Transporting your paper…• If you have a flash drive in which you can transport your

paper back and forth, then work from Word. • If you don’t have a flash drive, but have internet access at

home, then use Google Docs.• If you have your own laptop you want to use, please feel

free to bring it to school and use it. • Whatever you choose, you have access to your paper at

school AND at home. NO EXCUSES!!!!!!!!!• Make sure you have a back-up as well. Luck favors the

prepared!

Formatting your paper• In the upper LEFT corner of your paper, type the following (single-spaced):

• Your name• Teacher’s Name• English 12-your class hour• 20 Nov. 2013

• Hit Enter once• Center your title (Just type in “title goes here” and come up with something

awesome later)• Hit Enter once• Click on paragraph and set your spacing at 0 and line spacing at double.

• Please remember that when you start a new paragraph, please hit the TAB button.

Claims…Reminders• Your thesis statement is your BIG claim in your paper.

• Your topic sentences will be the mini-claims within your paper.

• Your arguments will be the mini-mini claims within the pro/con sections of your paper.

Using Evidence with the 4 steps…Reminders

Step 1: Introduce It (Don’t just drop evidence out of the sky!) Here are some ways to introduce your evidence

• Johnson [the author of the source] explains…• Johnson says…• Johnson emphasizes…• Johnson suggests…• Johnson reports…

These techniques very clearly make the reader aware that you are about to use information from one of your sources!

Step 2 USE Your Evidence -- What does it look like in the paper?• Johnson says that hitting specific targets with bombs

during the Vietnam war was still very difficult, and bombing everything around the target could kill many civilians. [uses the paraphrasing]

• Johnson states, “Bombing specific enemy targets was still not a perfect science during the Vietnam War…Saturation of the target area would result in the deaths of many innocent civilians.” [uses direct quotes]

• Make sure the punctuation is correct and it makes sense in the completed sentence. Read it out loud if you need to hear it.

Step 3: Be SURE to CITE IT!!• Johnson says that hitting specific targets with bombs

during the Vietnam war was still very difficult, and bombing everything around the target could kill many civilians (Johnson 18).

• Johnson states, “Bombing specific enemy targets was still not a perfect science during the Vietnam War…Saturation of the target area would result in the deaths of many innocent civilians” (Johnson 18).

Period goes to the right of the parenthesis.

Step 4: Explain it “Warrant Transitions”

• The next slide shows short transitional phrases used within paragraphs that connect ideas together. Use these to help set up your warrant.

• DO NOT use first person in your warrant. (I, me, we, you, us)

• Write in third person. (He, she, them, a person, people, etc.)

Beginning Middle End

This Quote Proves…These Piece of evidence Shows…The previous Statement Is important because…That Statistic Matters because…

Argument (if it is an argument)

Is significant because…

Idea Suggests…

Report Implies…Fact Supports…Concept Clarifies…Suggestion Explains…Proposal Argues that…

Indicates that…

Proposes…

States…Means that…

Be careful! These words are not all

interchangeable. For example, “implies” does

NOT mean the same thing as “clarifies.” Make sure you know

what you are saying, and don’t just randomly pick

one!!!

Examples of FULL Paragraphs!

VERY BASIC---barely passingIn the Vietnam War, the practice of carpet bombing was still widely used, which caused many civilian casualties. Johnson explains that the military would inaccurately bomb everything around targets just take the target out, which killed many civilians (Johnson 18). This strategy of mass bombing is now viewed as almost barbaric because our bombs were still so primitive that the military had to blow up everything around intended targets.

Examples of FULL Paragraphs!VERY BASICIn the Vietnam War, the practice of carpet bombing was still widely used, which caused many civilian casualties. Johnson explains that the military would inaccurately bomb everything around targets just take the target out, which killed many civilians (Johnson 18). This strategy of mass bombing is now viewed as almost barbaric because our bombs were still so primitive that the military had to blow up everything around intended targets.

Claim (topic sentence)Introduce evidenceEvidence with citationWarrantYou will do this for EVERY piece of evidence. Your claim is your topic sentence. You don’t need to keep repeating this.

Better--passingIn the Vietnam War, bombing specific targets was still rather primitive because smart bomb technology was still in the process of being developed, and the practice of carpet bombing caused many civilian casualties. Johnson says that hitting specific targets with bombs during the Vietnam war was still very difficult, and because of this the military would bomb everything around the actual target (Johnson 18). This strategy of mass bombing now seems almost barbaric because our bombs were still so primitive that the military had to blow up everything around intended targets. Johnson also shockingly states, “Estimates of collateral deaths from saturation bombing in North Vietnam range from at least 500,000 to as high as 1.5 million” (Johnson 18). This estimate is truly shocking. Even his low estimate of 500,000 is more than the entire population of the city of Minneapolis. These numbers certainly make one wonder how the leaders of the war justified such killing. Could news accounts of this much death at American hands have contributed to America’s reluctance to continue the war? It seems reasonable to assume so. With how primitive much of the bombing was in Vietnam, it’s no wonder weapons developers were under pressure to develop more accurate bombs. CLAIM EVIDENCE WARRANT EVIDENCE WARRANT (at least 2 pieces of evidence are here)Notice the warrant is several sentneces in length! A good paper will have this as well!

Transition Words

•See the assign drive for a super awesome list of words to use as you transition from idea to idea.

LET’S GET STARTED!Remember the ideas you just read and do your best work. Good luck! Ask questions if you get stuck!

Introduction• Using your outline, type your introduction. Your thesis will

be the VERY LAST sentence of your introduction (not its own paragraph).

• Remember your introduction is only ONE paragraph long. If you still don’t have something great, type your thesis and write yourself a note to come back and finish your introduction.

• You can use a 1st person perspective in this section.

• Type this now and move on to the next slide.

Background Information• This section will be your next in your paper. • Use the topic sentence you created as your first sentence. This is your

CLAIM. • Remember to use the 4 steps as you use your evidence and warrant in

your writing.• This section will probably be about half-a-page long. • Remember to consider in what order you will use your evidence. • A minimal paragraph will have 2 pieces of evidence, and each piece of

evidence will have a warrant.• A good paragraph will have 3-4 pieces of evidence, and each piece of

evidence will have a good warrant. • Do NOT end your paragraph with evidence. End it with a warrant.• Go ahead and type your Background paragraph and go to the next

slide when you are done.

Current Status• This section will come after Background information. • Use the topic sentence you created as your first sentence. This is your

CLAIM. • Remember to use the 4 steps as you use your evidence and warrant in

your writing.• This section will probably be about half-a-page long. • Remember to consider in what order you will use your evidence. • A minimal paragraph will have 2 pieces of evidence, and each piece of

evidence will have a warrant.• A good paragraph will have 3-4 pieces of evidence, and each piece of

evidence will have a good warrant. • Do NOT end your paragraph with evidence. End it with a warrant.• Go ahead and type your Current Status paragraph and go to the next

slide when you are done.

Pros or Con Section• Deciding which goes after the current status section depends on your thesis statement.

• Read your thesis statement. Did you start with a pro or con?

• If you started with the Con side, then the Con side is the next section of your paper.

• If you started with the Pro side, then the Pro side is the next section of your paper. Decide now…

• Go to the next slide

Pro or Con Section• Once you’ve decided which goes next, write down the topic

sentence that will start this section. This is your claim. • You should have already decided on the order of your

arguments.• You will probably need a paragraph for each argument.

This means you will probably need a transition sentence that announces what the argument will be at the start of each new paragraph.

• Make good use of transitions (see assignment drive for transition words) as you present your arguments.

• Go to the next slide

Pro or con section• Remember to use the 4 steps as you use your evidence

and warrant in your writing.• A minimal paragraph will have 2 pieces of evidence, and

each piece of evidence will have a warrant.• A good paragraph will have 3-4 pieces of evidence, and

each piece of evidence will have a good warrant. • Do NOT end your paragraph with evidence. End it with a

warrant.• Go ahead and type your Pro/Con paragraphs and go

to the next slide when you are done.

Conclusion• Look at your outline and write your conclusion. Make sure to

follow the Do’s and Don’ts of a good conclusion.

• You may use a first person perspective in this section.

• Go ahead and write your conclusion.

• Once your are done with your paper, make sure you give yourself time to PROOFREAD and EDIT your paper.

• If you are ready to take your paper to the next level, keep reading this power point.

ADVANCED SECTIONFor those who feel they can take their paper to the next level…

Basic ICE: Johnson believes that hitting specific targets with bombs during the Vietnam war was still very difficult, and because of this the military would bomb everything around the actual target (Johnson 18).

Might Become…Rick Johnson, senior military research fellow at the Annapolis Naval Academy, believes that hitting specific targets with bombs during the Vietnam war was still very difficult, and because of this the military would bomb everything around the actual target (Johnson 18).- briefly gives source author’s credentials

OR

Rick Johnson, senior military research fellow at the Annapolis Naval Academy, believes that hitting specific targets with bombs during the Vietnam war was still very difficult, and because of this the military would bomb everything around the actual target (Johnson 18). Johnson points out that this practice of saturation bombing directly led from “at least 500,000 to as high as 1.5 million” civilian casualties during the war (18).

- much more sophisticated internal transition and quote integration. Notice that the evidence is now back-to-back. The warrant would now follow BOTH pieces of the evidence!

In the Vietnam War, bombing specific targets was still rather primitive because smart bomb technology was still in the process of being developed, and the practice of carpet bombing caused many civilian casualties. Rick Johnson, senior military research fellow at the Annapolis Naval Academy, believes that hitting specific targets with bombs during the Vietnam war was still very difficult, and because of this the military would bomb everything around the actual target (Johnson 18). Johnson points out that this practice of saturation bombing directly led from “at least 500,000 to as high as 1.5 million” civilian casualties during the war (18). This strategy of mass bombing now seems almost barbaric because our bombs were still so primitive that the military had to blow up everything around intended targets. This estimate is truly shocking. Even his low estimate of 500,000 is more than the entire population of the city of Minneapolis. These numbers certainly make one wonder how the leaders of the war justified such killing. Could news accounts of this much death at American hands have contributed to America’s reluctance to continue the war? It seems reasonable to assume so. With how primitive much of the bombing was in Vietnam, it’s no wonder weapons developers were under pressure to develop more accurate bombs. -Notice how ALL of the warrant follows the two pieces of evidence. The warrant is VERY detailed and explains BOTH pieces of evidence is a insightful and thorough way.

The paragraph now becomesC-E-E-W

Even fancier warrant transitions…• Not only does this (quote) show (what does it show?), it

also proves that (what does it prove?)• Whereas (this earlier idea or author) suggests (what does

it/he/she suggest?), this (quote) clarifies that (what does it clarify?)

• Just like (which author?) stated earlier, this (quote) agrees that (what does it agree?)

• Even though it seems like this (proposal) would imply that (what does it seem to imply?), actually, it really suggests that (what does it really suggest?)

• See the I-Drive for a HUGE list of transitions.

How do I…cite a quote from within one of my sources?

Work the identification of the speaker into the quote introduction:Johnson quotes Mike Reeves, former Secretary of State, who believes, “Killing innocent civilians has to be one of our highest priorities if we are to win the hearts and minds of the people” (Johnson 18). *** Johnson is still YOUR source, even if he quotes someone else. Just make it clear to the reader.

Use of “Hybrid” Evidence (the in-between)Example:

Mike Smith, a senior researcher at the Yale University Center for Adolescent Psychology, claims that not only is teen-age brain development negatively affected by the over-stimulation provided by excessive video game use, but that “these affects carry over to study participants in their twenties, and in some cases to video game users even older than that” (Anderson 225).Introduction Evidence (paraphrased) Evidence (quote)