Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, and Human Capital Formation€¦ · typhoid fever, water quality, and...
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Transcript of Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, and Human Capital Formation€¦ · typhoid fever, water quality, and...
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Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, and Human Capital Formation
BRIAN BEACH, JOSEPH FERRIE, MARTIN SAAVEDRA, AND WERNER TROESKEN
DSalmonella
typhi
The Journal of Economic History
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
Living and Dying with Typhoid
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken44
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
Typhoid as an Indicator of Water Quality
(Engineering News
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
1
1
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
FIGURE 1
Sources
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
General Statistics of Cities
Mortality Statistics
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
α β ε+ + +ln ypyy d Fα β= α ilteFF r c+ ity FEs year FEs( )Typhoiyy d s yea ,ijd ijrr ij
TyphoidijFilterij
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
TABLE 1
Notes
Sources
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
Transmission of Typhoid Fever through Milk
TABLE 2
1 1
Notes
Sources
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
4
4
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
Linking Individuals between the 1900 and 1940 Censuses
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
spoken
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
Annual City-Level Typhoid Data
Typhoid Fever, Water Q
uality, Hum
an Capital Form
ation
Erie
Troy
Lynn
Utica
Omaha
Toledo
Dayton
Albany
Newark
Camden
Duluth
Lowell
Boston
Denver
Memphis
Reading
Buffalo
Hoboken
St Paul
Detroit
Chicago
Atlanta
Oakland
Richmond
Syracuse
New York
Portland
Hartford
Milwaukee
Nashville
Allegheny
Cleveland
Rochester
Baltimore
New Haven
Charleston
Pittsburgh
Cincinnati
Louisville
Evansville
Wilmington
Washington
Saint Louis
Minneapolis
New Orleans
Los Angeles
San Francisco
FIGURE 2
Source
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
FIGURE 3
Notes
Sources
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Results
α β γ +y Tα β= α yphoiTT d bγ+γ l k birthctt ity FEs[ ]blackijk jkd i
ε+ + +birth year FEs birthott rderdd FEs ,i
i j k
j k
TABLE 3
1
1
1
1
Sources
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
TABLE 4
†
Notes
Sources
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
OLS Robustness Checks
TABLE 5
†
Notes
Sources
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
–.00
4–.
002
0.0
02
–8 –4 0 4 8Years since birth
Education
–.00
06–.
0004
–.00
020
.000
2.0
004
–8 –4 0 4 8Years since birth
ln(Income)
FIGURE 4
Notes Sources
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
Semi-Parametric Results
TABLE 6
†
†
Notes
Sources
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
α β γ+y α=α bββ l k b h d[ ]black [ ]birthott rderddjk jk jkk jkrε+ + +birthct ity FEs birth year FEs .jk
blackjkj k birth orderjk
j kf(Typhoid
Two-Stage Least Squares Results
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
Yea
rs o
f sch
oolin
g
0 50 100 150 200Average typhold rate during early childhood
Average typhold rate during early childhood
7.15
7.2
7.25
7.3
In(I
ncom
e)
0 50 100 150 200
FIGURE 5
Notes
Sources
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
11
11
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
TABLE 7
†
Notes
Sources
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
Saa.
TABLE 8
†
Notes
Sources
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
14
Sa WaT N
r
∑∑=+
′ ′ −+==
NPV Nr r(1 )
*( )′S ′ ( )′W ( )S W
(1 )i
a a)( a aa
ai
T
0
101
0
14
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
APPENDIX TABLE 1
Notes Source
Appendix
Beach, Ferrie, Saavedra, and Troesken
Handbook of Labor Economics
Labour Economics
Pasteurization of Milk
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
Demography
Explorations in Economic History
American Economic Review
Demography
Canadian Journal of Economics
Typhoid Fever and Typhus Fever
Demography
American Journal of Public Health
The American CityEngineering News
Explorations in Economic History
Explorations in Economic HistoryPublic Health Reports
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, Human Capital Formation
Water and Public Health: The Relative Purity of Waters from Different Sources
Social Science History
Annales de Démographie Historique
The Lancet A History of Interest Rates
Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
The Sanitary City: Environmental Services in Urban America from Colonial Times to the Present
Journal of Economic History
Arresting Contagion: Science, Policy, and Con icts over Animal Disease Control.
Obstetrics & GynecologyThe Milk Question
Principles of Sanitary Science and the Public Health: With Special Reference to the Causation and Prevention of Infectious Diseases
Journal of Infectious Diseases
Obstetrics & Gynecology
The Lancet
Journal of the American Medical Association
International Journal of Infectious DiseasesWater, Race, and Disease
General Statistics of CitiesMilk and Its Relation the Public
Health. Hygienic LaboratoryTyphoid Fever; Its Causation, Transmission and Prevention
