Typhoid Fever
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Transcript of Typhoid Fever
Typhoid FeverVincent Klokman
Classic Symptoms–Slow, Progressive Fever–Profuse sweating–Gastroenteritis
Centers for Disease Control Public Heath Image Library
Typhoid Fever is caused By the Bacterium Salmonella typhi
Salmonella typhi is a motile, gram-negative facultative
anaerobe.
A Fecal-Oral Route of Transmission Spreads Typhoid Fever
Asymptomatic Carriage Can Spread Typhoid Fever to Many People
Salmonella Virulence due to:
Invasiveness Intracellular survival & multiplication Endotoxin Cytotoxins
FoodPoisonJournal.comCred. Drew Falkenstein
Endotoxin inLPS layer(fever)
O antigenH antigen
Vi capsule antigen
Cytotoxin
Type 1 fimbriae(adherence)
Enterotoxin(diarrhea)
Siderophores
Virulenceplasmid
Virulence Factors and ToxinsBrock: Figure 28.17
World Distribution of Typhoid Fever is largely in Developing Nations
WHO
With prompt antibiotic therapy, more than 99% of the people with typhoid fever are cured.
Oral and Injectable Vaccines Are Available
Vi capsule antigen;Inhibits complement binding
Virulenceplasmid
Brock: Figure 28.17
The Typhoid Vaccine is not Very Effective
Klugman, K. "Protective Activity Of Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine Against Typhoid Fever." The Lancet 330.8569 (1987): 1165-169. Print.
Simple HygieneWashing canInstances of
and handreduce severalTyphoid Fever
References• A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. Atlanta (GA):
A.D.A.M., Inc.; c1997-2012. Typhoid Fever; [last reviewed 2011 Jun 9; cited 2012 Mar 6]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002308/
• Brock Biology of Microorganisms. San Francisco (Calif.): Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2009. Print.
• Klugman, K. "Protective Activity Of Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine Against Typhoid Fever." The Lancet 330.8569 (1987): 1165-169. Print.
• Merck Manual• Taber’s Medical Encyclopedia• CDC• WHO• Fraser A, Goldberg E, Acosta CJ, Paul M, Leibovici L (2007).
"Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD001261.