Types of Tension Member;Design for Axial Tension

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STEEL DESIGNERSMANUAL

SIXTH EDITION

The Steel Construction Institute

Edited by

Buick Davison

Department of Civil & Structural Engineering,The University of Sheffield

Graham W.OwensDirector

,


Blackwell

Science


SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison


Graham W.Owens

Director

,


Blackwell

Science

The Steel Construction Institute,1992,1994,2003Blackwell Science Ltd,a Blackwell Publishing companyEditorial offices:Blackwel

+

44 (0) 1865 776868Blackwell Publishing Inc.,350 Main Street,Malden,MA 02148-5020,USATel:

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1 781 388 8250Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd,550 Swanston Street,Carlton,Victoria 3053,AustraliaTel:

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61 (0)3 8359 1011The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted inaccordance with the Copy

Contents

Introduction to the sixth edition

xi

Contributorsxv

Notation

xxvSECTION 1:DESIGN SYNTHESIS1

Single-storey buildings

1Range of building types;Anatomy of structure;Loading;Design ofcommon structural forms2Multi-storey buildings

42Introduction;Factors influencing choice of form;Anatomy of structure;Worked example3

Industrial steelwork

94Range of structures and scale of construction;Anatomy of structure;Loading;Structure in its wider context4


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Bridges

124Introduction;Selection of span;Selection of type;Codes of practice;Traffic loading;Other actions;Steel grades;Overall stability aOther structural applications of steel

169Towers and masts;Space frames;Cable structures;Steel in residentialconstruction;AtriaSECTION 2:STEEL TECHNOLOGY6Applied metallurgy of steel

222Introduction;Chemical composition;Heat treatment;Manufactureand effect on properties;Engineering properties and mechanicFracture and fatigue248Fracture;Linear elastic fracture mechanics;Elasticplastic fracturemechanics;Materials testing for fracture properties;Fracture-s

Sustainability and steel construction

275Introduction;Economic impacts;Social impacts;Environmental impacts;Embodied energy;Operational energy;Summaryiii

SECTION 3:DESIGN THEORY9

Introduction to manual and computer analysis

286Introduction;Element analysis;Line elements;Plates;Analysis ofskeletal structures;Finite element method10Beam analysis

325Simply-supported beams;Propped cantilevers;Fixed,built-in orencastr beams;Continuous beams;Plastic failure of single mem

Plane frame analysis

342Formulae for rigid frames;Portal frame analysis12

Applicable dynamics

354Introduction;Fundamentals of dynamic behaviour;Distributedparameter systems;Damping;Finite element analysis;Dynamic test Local buckling and cross-section classification

373Introduction;Cross-sectional dimensions and momentrotation behaviour;Effect of momentrotation behaviour on approach to

Tension members

383Introduction;Types of tension member;Design for axial tension;Combined bending and tension;Eccentricity of end connections;

Columns and struts

402Introduction;Common types of member;Design considerations;Cross-sectional considerations;Compressive resistance;Torsion

Beams

431Common types of beam;Cross-section classification and moment capacity,

M

c

;Basic design;Lateral bracing;Bracing action in bridges U-frame design;Design for restricted depth;Cold-formed sections asbea

Plate girders

470Introduction;Advantages and disadvantages;Initial choice of cross-section for plate girders in buildings;Design of plate girders

iv

Contents

18

Members with compression and moments511Occurrence of combined loading;Types of response interaction;Effect of moment gradient loading;Selection of type of cross-

Trusses

541Common types of trusses;Guidance on overall concept;Effects ofload reversal:Selection of elements and connections;Guidan

Composite deck slabs

577Introduction;Deck types;Normal and lightweight concretes;Selectionof floor system;Basic design;Fire resistance;Diaphragm act Composite beams

601Application of composite beams;Economy;Guidance on span-to-depth ratios;Types of shear connection;Span conditions;Analy

Composite columns

651Introduction;Design of encased composite columns;Design of concrete-filled tubes;Worked exampleSECTION 5:CONNECTIO


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Bolts

671Types of bolt;Methods of tightening and their application;Geometricconsiderations;Methods of analysis of bolt groups;Design st

Welds and design for welding

685Advantages of welding;Ensuring weld quality and properties by theuse of standards;Recommendations for cost reduction;Weld

Plate and stiffener elements in connections

711Dispersion of load through plates and flanges;Stiffeners;Prying forces;Plates loaded in-plane26

Design of connections721Introduction;Simple connections;Moment connections;Summary;Worked examplesContents

v

27

Foundations and holding-down systems

816Foundations;Connection of the steelwork;Analysis;Holding-downsystems;Worked examplesSECTION 6:OTHER ELEMENTS2Bearings and joints

842Introduction;Bearings;Joints;Bearings and joints otherconsiderations29Steel piles

867Bearing piles;Sheet piles;Pile driving and installation;Durability30

Floors and orthotropic decks

906Steel plate floors;Open-grid flooring;Orthotropic decksSECTION 7:CONSTRUCTION31

Tolerances

917Introduction;Standards;Implications of tolerances;Fabricationtolerances;Erection tolerances32Fabrication

948Introduction;Economy of fabrication;Welding;Bolting;Cutting;Handling and routeing of steel;Quality management33

Erection

971Introduction;The method statement;Planning;Site practices;Sitefabrication and modifications;Steel decking and shear connectFire protection and fire engineering

1013Introduction;Standards and building regulations;Structuralperformance in fire;Developments in fire-safe design;Methods of pro

Corrosion and corrosion prevention

1030The corrosion process;Effect of the environment;Design andcorrosion;Surface preparation;Metallic coatings;Paint coatings;AThe Eurocodes

1053The Eurocodes background and timescales;Conformity with EN1990 basis of design;EC3 Design of steel structures;EC4

vi

Contents

AppendixSteel technology

Elastic properties of steel1071European standards for structural steels1072

Design theoryBending moment,shear and deflection tables forcantilevers1077simply-supported beams1079built-in beams1087propped cantileve

Element design

Explanatory notes on section dimensions and properties,bolts and welds1General11482Dimensions of sections11493Section prop


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l Science Ltd,9600 Garsington Road,Oxford OX4 2DQ,UKTel:

right,Designs and Patents Act 1988.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,o


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darticulation;Initial design;Worked example5

l tests;Fabrication effects and service performance;Summary7

afedesign;Fatigue8

ers;Plastic failure of propped cantilevers11

ingSECTION 4:ELEMENT DESIGN13

esignand analysis;Classification table;Economic factors14

Otherconsiderations;Cables;Worked examples15

al andflexural-torsional buckling;Effective lengths;Special types of strut;Economic points;Worked examples16

s;Beams with web openings;Worked examples17

sed inbuildings to BS 5950:Part 1:2000;Initial choice of cross-section forplate girders used in bridges;Design of steel bridges to BS

ection;Basic design procedure;Cross-section classification under compression and bending;Special design methods for members i

e onmethods of analysis;Detailed design considerations for elements;Factors dictating the economy of trusses;Other applications

ion;Otherconstructional features;Worked example21

sis ofcomposite section;Basic design;Worked examples22

DESIGN23


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rengths;Tables of strengths24

ingprocesses;Geometric considerations;Methods of analysis of weld groups;Design strengths25

8

rs;Quality control;Cranes and craneage;Safety;Special structures 34

tection;Fire testing;Fire engineering35

pplication of paints;Weather-resistant steels;The protectivetreatment specification36

esignof composite steel and concrete structures;Implications of theEurocodes for practice in the UK;Conclusions

rs1094Bending moment and reaction tables for continuous beams1102Influence lines for continuous beams1105Second moments

erties11514Bolts and welds1160Tables of dimensions and gross section propertiesUniversal beams1166Universal columns1172Joi


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transmitted,in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording orotherwise,except as permitted by the U


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5400:Part 3;Worked examples

in portal frames;Worked examples19

f trusses;Rigid-jointed Vierendeel girders;Worked examples20


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of area of two flanges1116rectangular plates1118a pair of unit areas1122Geometrical properties of plane sections1124Plastic mod

ists1175Universal bearing piles1178Hot-finished:circular hollow sections1181square hollow sections1183rectangular hollow section


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Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,without theprior permission of the publisherFirst edition published Crosby Lockwood & S


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ulus of two flanges1127rectangles1128Formulae for rigid frames1130

s1185Cold-formed:circular hollow sections1187square hollow sections1190rectangular ho


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ns Ltd 1955Second edition published 1960Third edition published 1966Fourth edition published by Granada Publishing Ltd in Cro


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by Lockwood Staples 1972Fifth edition published by Blackwell Science Ltd 1992Sixth edition published by Blackwell Science Ltd 2


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03Reprinted 2004 (twice)Reissued in paperback 2005Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is availableISBN-10:1-40


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51-3412-7ISBN-13:978-14051-3412-5A catalogue record for this title is available from the British LibrarySet in 10/12pt Timesby SN


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SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison



,


Blackwell

Science


SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison


Graham W.Owens

Director

,


Blackwell

Science


+


+


+


Contents


xi

Contributorsxv

Notation








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Bridges












Applicable dynamics



Tension members


Columns and struts


Beams


M

c


Plate girders


iv

Contents

18


Trusses





Composite columns



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Bolts







v

27







Tolerances



Erection






vi

Contents




Element design



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afedesign;Fatigue8












DESIGN23


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SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison



,


Blackwell

Science


SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison


Graham W.Owens

Director

,


Blackwell

Science


+


+


+


Contents


xi

Contributorsxv

Notation








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Bridges












Applicable dynamics



Tension members


Columns and struts


Beams


M

c


Plate girders


iv

Contents

18


Trusses





Composite columns



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Bolts







v

27







Tolerances



Erection






vi

Contents




Element design



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afedesign;Fatigue8












DESIGN23


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SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison



,


Blackwell

Science


SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison


Graham W.Owens

Director

,


Blackwell

Science


+


+


+


Contents


xi

Contributorsxv

Notation








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Bridges












Applicable dynamics



Tension members


Columns and struts


Beams


M

c


Plate girders


iv

Contents

18


Trusses





Composite columns



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Bolts







v

27







Tolerances



Erection






vi

Contents




Element design



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afedesign;Fatigue8












DESIGN23


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SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison



,


Blackwell

Science


SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison


Graham W.Owens

Director

,


Blackwell

Science


+


+


+


Contents


xi

Contributorsxv

Notation








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Bridges












Applicable dynamics



Tension members


Columns and struts


Beams


M

c


Plate girders


iv

Contents

18


Trusses





Composite columns



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Bolts







v

27







Tolerances



Erection






vi

Contents




Element design



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afedesign;Fatigue8












DESIGN23


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SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison



,


Blackwell

Science


SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison


Graham W.Owens

Director

,


Blackwell

Science


+


+


+


Contents


xi

Contributorsxv

Notation








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Bridges












Applicable dynamics



Tension members


Columns and struts


Beams


M

c


Plate girders


iv

Contents

18


Trusses





Composite columns



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Bolts







v

27







Tolerances



Erection






vi

Contents




Element design



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afedesign;Fatigue8












DESIGN23


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SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison



,


Blackwell

Science


SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison


Graham W.Owens

Director

,


Blackwell

Science


+


+


+


Contents


xi

Contributorsxv

Notation








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Bridges












Applicable dynamics



Tension members


Columns and struts


Beams


M

c


Plate girders


iv

Contents

18


Trusses





Composite columns



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Bolts







v

27







Tolerances



Erection






vi

Contents




Element design



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afedesign;Fatigue8












DESIGN23


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SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison



,


Blackwell

Science


SIXTH EDITION


Edited by

Buick Davison


Graham W.Owens

Director

,


Blackwell

Science


+


+


+


Contents


xi

Contributorsxv

Notation




42Introduction;Factors

Types of Tension Member;Design for Axial Tension

Documents

Transcript of Types of Tension Member;Design for Axial Tension