Types of Impairment We will begin with the drug of ALCOHOL.

Types of Impairment

Types of Impairment

We will begin with the drug of ALCOHOL

The primary learning outcomes desirable from this first lesson are as follows:

1) Become aware of the more relevant facts & myths concerning alcohol and driving for younger drivers.

2) That young people are more susceptible to the dangers of drinking and driving than the other driving populations.

3) Explore some of the reasons why the younger driving population are at a higher risk.

4) That we all can become victims unless preventative strategies are learned and utilized.

Alcohol facts and myths

INSTRUCTOR NOTE: --Students should first complete the 15 question Alcohol knowledge survey (which follows this slide) -it will serve as an outline for discussion as the unit unfolds. Your students should have already downloaded and printed their own copy of this survey from website. Do not discuss these 15 questions now… …they will all come up later in the lessons. Students should have also printed out the REVIEW QUESTIONS – Alcohol Marijuana… they will answer these questions at end of each of the 4 alcohol related lessons.

Alcohol facts and myths

ALCOHOL KNOWLEDGE SURVEY

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

AS TRUE or FALSE

ACCORDING TO YOUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING

(these 15 questions will serve as an outline for these lessons)

1) Alcohol is a drug which acts upon the body as a depressant in the central nervous system (brain).

2) Alcohol is a stimulant to the central nervous system (brain).

Alcohol survey questions 1-2

3) The reason drinking and driving can be dangerous is that alcohol prevents the brain from doing those normal functions required for driving?

4) The cerebrum is affected by alcohol first before other parts of the brain are affected?


5) Drinking tends to make a person feel more self-confident even though his or her skills may be decreasing.

Alcohol survey question 5

6) When people drink alcoholic beverages, they lose their muscular coordination before they lose their reasoning and judgmental abilities?


7) All the mental and physical abilities required to operate an automobile are affected if a person drinks enough?

8) Any person can become unconscious and even die from drinking too much?


9) It takes at least 1 hour for the body to get

rid of the effects of one can of beer?

10) There is no way to sober up quickly. Coffee, food, fresh air, exercise, or a cold shower will not help.


11) If a person eats something before drinking, he or she won’t get drunk.

Alcohol survey questions 11

13) How much a person drinks before driving should be their own decision.


12) The alcoholic causes most of the alcohol related fatalities on our roads

and highways today.

14) If a friend is about to drive after drinking

there is nothing you can do about it. 15) Teens should discuss the alcohol-driving problem with their parents and come to an agreement on what to do when problems arise.


These 15 questions will be consideredas we cover various aspects of the

drinking / drug and driving problem.

Let’s begin with several facts about alcohol and driving…

ALCOHOL FACTS

Alcohol is involved in about 43% of all fatal traffic crashes in Canada.

• Alcohol is the #1 killer of teenagers and young people as a result of vehicle crashes and teenagers and young adults cause most of the alcohol related fatalities.

Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well Being (Ottawa: StatisticsCanada, 2003) Cat. No. 82-617-XIE.

ALCOHOL FACTS

19-29 year olds are in involved in about 37% of all fatal traffic crashes in Canada. After age 29 alcohol related deaths begin declining.

• Alcohol is the #1 killer of teenagers and young people as a result of vehicle crashes and teenagers and young adults cause most of the alcohol related fatalities.


ALCOHOL FACTS• Younger drivers are at the greatest risk of being killed per

kilometer driven. In 2001, 43.4 Canadian drivers aged 16-19 years were killed in motor vehicle crashes per billion kilometres travelled.

This is more than double the fatalities for 20-24 year-old drivers

(21.1), more than 7 times the fatalities for 25-34 year-old drivers (6.0), more than 12 times the fatalities for 35-44 year-old drivers (3.6), and 14 times the fatalities for 45-54 year-old drivers (3.1).


CAN IT HAPPEN TO YOU

???

• Inexperienced as drivers• Inexperienced at drinking• More susceptible to peer influences• Teens drive in high risk situations - at night on weekends - at higher speeds

Why are younger drivers involved in so many traffic collisions?

What about intoxicated pedestrians?

IN CANADA

• Of the 295 fatally injured pedestrians who were tested in 1997, 45% had been drinking.• The majority of the alcohol-positive pedestrian fatalities had a BAC over 0.08% and the average BAC was 0.210%.

Transport Canada, Transport Canada Fact Sheet #RS2001-01 (February 2001)

ALCOHOL FACTS

Alcohol related crashes happen at all hours, but especially at night during weekends.

• Male drivers are three times more likely to be involved in a fatality than females.

Statistically, most alcohol related fatalitiesoccur after midnight on weekends

and at holiday periods.

When males drink they are are usually more aggressive drivers.

Males are doing most of the driving during the high risk times.

Many males are more susceptible to peer pressure to take chances and drive fast.

86% of the cases involved males.

Review time…how much do you remember?

5) Many teens also drive at high-risk times, at night and on the weekends. They also have a tendency to drive:________

2) True or False: Alcohol is the #2 killer of teenagers and young people as a result of vehicle crashes; and teenagers and young adults cause most of the alcohol related fatalities___________

1) Alcohol is involved in about ______% of all fatal crashes.

3) Young people are involved in most alcohol related collisions because they are both inexperienced _________ and inexperienced __________

4) Many teens are also susceptible to peer ___________

6) True or False: Statistically, most alcohol related fatalitiesoccur after midnight on weekends and at holiday periods._______

8) When males, drink they are usually more

_____________ drivers.

7) Females are three times more likely to be involved in a alcohol related fatality than males. True or False: ______

9) True or False: If we do not take proper precautions, we increase the possibility of becoming a victim of a alcohol related crash. _______

10) After what age, do alcohol-related crashes start declining? ________

This next section will focus uponthe effects of Alcohol Impairment

Progressive effects of Alcohol

The primary learning outcomes desirable from this 2nd lesson are as follows:

1) Understand the progressive debilitating effects of alcohol upon the body and brain.

2) Make relevant applications of this knowledge.

3) Understand that binge drinking can lead to overdose and death.

4) An understanding that only time eliminates alcohol from the body.

This 19 year old had a BAC (blood alcohol concentration) of over .20

This 19 year old had a BAC (blood alcohol concentration) of over .20

1) Alcohol is a drug which acts upon the body as a depressant in the central nervous system (brain).

TRUE


2) Alcohol is a stimulant to the central nervous system (brain).

FALSE – although at lower BAC levels it does act as a stimulant.

Alcohol slows brain functionsLet’s now notice some facts about

the process of intoxication...

What determines how fast a person becomes

intoxicated?

• SIZE OF PERSON (body weight)

Let’s now explore the progression of intoxication

Lighter individuals will become intoxicated with less alcohol consumed than heavier people

• METABOLISM (how fast the body works)

• TYPE OF BEVERAGE CONSUMED

• RATE OF DRINKING• FOOD IN STOMACH

We’ll trace the flow of alcohol from the time one starts to drink until complete intoxication

The progressive effects of intoxication

Once in the stomach...

…it proceeds through the stomach wall lining… ...directly into the blood stream.

Within a few minutes, alcohol affects the brain reducing the normal flow of oxygen to the brain.

3) The reason drinking and driving can be dangerous is that alcohol prevents the brain from doing those normal functions required for driving?

TRUE


Again, the reduction of oxygen and the directeffect of the alcohol impairs the brain’s functions

4) The cerebrum is affected by alcohol first before other parts of the brain are affected?

TRUE

within10-20minutes

CEREBRUMCEREBRUM CEREBRUM- thinking and

reasoning processes slow down

(takes 2-3 times longer to decide what to do)

- memory affected

- judgment impaired

(driver takes risky chances)

5) Drinking tends to make a person feel more self-confident even though his or her skills may be decreasing.

TRUE


A false sense of self-confidenceis experienced as the euphoriaintensifies in the Brain Stem.

BRAIN STEM - Euphoria sets in

(the high) results in a false sense of overconfidence

- Inhibitions are released

silly, loud, depressed, obnoxious

- Emotions intensified

- also controls heart beat and breathing

CEREBRUMCEREBRUM

BRAIN STEMBRAIN STEM

How can stronger emotions affect driving? (give some examples)

How can stronger emotions affect driving? (give some examples)

within10-20minutes

another10-20minutes

6) When people drink alcoholic beverages, they lose their muscular coordination before they lose their reasoning and judgmental abilities?

FALSE


If drinking continues, the next part of the brain affected

is the cerebellum

10-20min.

10-20 min.

CEREBRUMCEREBRUM

CEREBELLUMCEREBELLUM


30-60 minutes

total time

10-20 min.

CEREBELLUM controls muscle

coordination Large muscles:

arms & legs; then smaller muscles: eyes and tongue

slurred speech

blurry vision Driver has major

difficulty controlling vehicle

TOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATED

10-20min.

10-20 min.

CEREBRUMCEREBRUM

CEREBELLUMCEREBELLUM


10-20 min.

HOW IS THIS INFORMATION IMPORTANT?

TOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATED

You or a friend who is driving you…may be in STAGE 2, (Brain Stem) - not showing any physical coordination problems as of yet… you may think it is safe to drive or ride with that person.

…but in a short time the alcohol will begin to affect the muscular

coordination and vision.

30-60 minutes

total time

After several drinks a driver may see multiple images

STOPSTOP

ONE WAYONE WAY

5050

50

A driver in an advance stage of intoxication would have difficulty seeing this pedestrian

Night vision is significantly reduced after drinking.

7) All the mental and physical abilities required to operate an automobile are affected if a person drinks enough?

TRUE 8) A person can become unconscious and

even die from drinking too much?

TRUE


It is possible to

overdose on alcohol and die!

If at a party a friend of yours has beentaking large repeated gulps (chugging)

straight from a whiskey bottle…WHAT CAN YOU DO?

9) It takes at least 1 hour for the body to

get rid of the effects of one can of beer?

10) There is no way to sober up quickly. Coffee, food, fresh air, exercise, or a cold shower will not help.


TIME is the only way

TRUE

TRUE

11) If a person eats something before

drinking, he or she won’t get drunk.


But it will take a little longer getting into the bloodstreambecause the food slows down the absorption.

FALSE

Review time…how much do you remember?

2) True or False: Lighter individuals will become intoxicated with less alcohol consumed than heavier people.______

5) When the alcohol reaches the Brain Stem the euphoria intensifies which often releases a person’s ___________ which can result in behaviors they usually refrain from.

1) Soon after alcohol is consumed, it begins to enter the ____________through the stomach wall lining & intestines.

3) As alcohol enters the cerebrum it begins to slow down the brain’s ability to think and reason. This means drivers take _____________ to decide what to do (IPDE process).

4) Also in the cerebrum, the alcohol impairs a person’s better ___________. They tend to take risky chances.

6) True or False: These stronger emotions released by the effect of alcohol can adversely affect ones driving.____

8) The large muscles like the __________ are first affected; then the smaller muscles like those that focus the ______are affected, causing the driver’s vision to be greatly impaired.

7) As alcohol moves into the lower part of the brain (Cerebellum) it begins to affect the ________coordination.

9) True or False: Knowing these progressive effects are important because we may think we are okay, but the alcohol may soon be affecting our coordination and vision

…making us even more dangerous _______

10) All the physical and mental abilities are affected if a person continues to _________

11) True or False: If you drink too much it is possible to overdose on alcohol and even die. _______

13) It takes the body (liver) at least _______ to eliminate the alcohol from the body for each drink consumed.

12) If at a party, a friend is taking large gulps from a whiskey bottle you should try to _________________

14) True or False: If after drinking, if you get some good exercise or strong coffee, it will reduce the time it takes to sober up. _________

15) True or False: Eating a heavy meal before consuming alcohol, will absorb most of it, minimizing its affects. ______

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Types of Impairment We will begin with the drug of ALCOHOL.

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Transcript of Types of Impairment We will begin with the drug of ALCOHOL.