Types of Educational Research Design :

Quantitative ResearchLim Chai LingYuhasini Mari

Niwahsinee AdaikalamAhmad Muhaymin

Ahmad SyafiqChe Mohd Nizwan

Definition◦ Experimental research is a phrase that refers to a

kind of research that is guided by hypotheses (or several hypotheses) that states the anticipated relationship between two or more variables. This kind of research though demanding produces sound results.

Experimental Research

Experimental research is guided by educated guesses that guess the result of the experiment. An experiment is conducted to give evidence to this experimental hypothesis.

Experimental research, although very demanding of time and resources, often produces the soundest evidence concerning hypothesized cause-effect relationships. 

Characteristics

Experimental research is commonly used in sciences such as sociology and psychology, physics, chemistry, biology and medicine.

Experimental Research is often used where:◦ There is time priority in a causal relationship

(cause precedes effect)◦ There is consistency in a causal relationship (a

cause will always lead to the same effect)◦ The magnitude of the correlation is great.

Purposes

Experiments are conducted to be able to predict phenomenon. Typically, an experiment is constructed to be able to explain some kind of causation. Experimental research is important to society as it helps us to improve our everyday lives.

Purposes

1. Identify and define the problem.2. Formulate hypotheses and deduce their

consequences.3. Construct an experimental design that

represents all the elements, conditions, and relations of the consequences.

1. Select sample of subjects.2. Group or pair subjects.3. Identify and control non experimental factors.4. Select or construct, and validate instruments to

measure outcomes.5. Conduct pilot study.6. Determine place, time, and duration of the experiment.

Steps involved in conducting an experimental study

4. Conduct the experiment.5. Compile raw data and reduce to usable form.6. Apply an appropriate test of significance.

Steps involved in conducting an experimental study

Social Psychology Stanley Milgram Experiment - Will people obey orders, even if

clearly dangerous? Asch Experiment - Will people conform to group behavior? Stanford Prison Experiment - How do people react to roles? Will

you behave differently? Good Samaritan Experiment - Would You Help a Stranger? -

Explaining Helping Behavior

Genetics Law Of Segregation - The Mendel Pea Plant Experiment Transforming Principle - Griffith's Experiment about Genetics

Physics Ben Franklin Kite Experiment - Struck by Lightning J J Thomson Cathode Ray Experiment

Examples

A fitness instructor wants to test the effectiveness of a performance-enhancing herbal supplement on students in her exercise class. To create experimental groups that are similar at the beginning of the study, the students are assigned into two groups at random (they can not choose which group they are in). Students in both groups are given a pill to take every day, but they do not know whether the pill is a placebo (sugar pill) or the herbal supplement. The instructor gives Group A the herbal supplement and Group B receives the placebo (sugar pill).  The students' fitness level is compared before and after six weeks of consuming the supplement or the sugar pill.  No differences in performance ability were found between the two groups suggesting that the herbal supplement was not effective.

Examples

Quasi-ExperimentalDefinition

“Quasi” means “sort of”. “Quasi experiment” means “sort of

experiment”. An empirical study used to estimate the causal

impact of an intervention on its target population.

A study that has most of the trappings of an experiment, but which is unable to control potential factors, or perhaps is not guided by an idea of what all the factors are.

Purposes Allow the researcher to control the

assignment to the treatment condition, but using some criterion other than random assignment.

Quasi-experiments are subject to concerns regarding internal validity, because the treatment and control groups may not be comparable at baseline.

It aims to determine whether a program or intervention has the intended effect on a study’s participants.

It is commonly used in social sciences, public health, education and policy analysis especially when it is not practical or reasonable to randomize study participants to the treatment condition.

Example of Design Non-equivalent groups design

◦ In its simplest form it requires a pretest and posttest for a treated and comparison group.

Regression-discontinuity design◦ Assignment to treatment using a cutoff score on a

pretreatment variable.

Correlational research Can also be called as associational research In associational research, the relationships

among two or more variables are studied without any attempts to influence them

In the simplest form; correlational research investigate the possibility of relationships between only two variables, although investigations of more than two variables are common.

Describes the degree to which two or more quantitative variables are related , and it does so by use of a correlation coefficient

Survey research A common form of research involving

researchers asking a number of questions about a particular topic or issue (often prepared in the form of a written questionnaire or ability test) to a large numbers of individuals (either by mail, by telephone, etc.)

http://www.education.com/reference/article/correlational-research/#C

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/survey-research.html

References