Types of cuttings Stem cuttings –Hardwood Deciduous Narrow-leaved evergreen –Semi-hardwood...
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Transcript of Types of cuttings Stem cuttings –Hardwood Deciduous Narrow-leaved evergreen –Semi-hardwood...
Types of cuttings
• Stem cuttings– Hardwood
• Deciduous
• Narrow-leaved evergreen
– Semi-hardwood
– Softwood
– Herbaceous
• Leaf cuttings
• Leaf-bud cuttings (single-eye or single-node)
• Root cuttings
Hardwood deciduous stem cuttings
• Definition: segments of shoots from matured, dormant hardwood stems after leaves have abscised; before new shoots emerge in spring
• Features: easy to prepare, not readily perishable, require little or no special equipment
• Many deciduous crops are propagated this way:– Ornamental shrubs - e.g., privet, forsythia, rose rootstocks
– Fruit spp. - fig, quince, mulberry, grape
– A few trees: willows, poplar
Methods of preparing/handling hardwood deciduous cuttings before planting
• Direct spring planting– Stems gathered, stored cold till spring
– Cuttings made at planting time
• Direct fall planting– Cuttings planted directly into the nursery in the fall
– From So. Canada (orn. shrubs) to Texas (rose rootstocks)
• Warm-temp pretreatment– Cuttings taken in the fall (dormant period)
– Cuttings treated with rooting hormone (PGR), stored warm 3-5 weeks, placed back in cold till spring
Hardwood evergreen (narrow-leaved) stem cuttings
• Definition: dormant (late fall to late winter) cuttings with functioning leaves
• Features: cuttings are slower to root than those of deciduous spp; moisture loss must be prevented; poly or light mist , rooting hormone (PGR) treatments enhance rooting
• Arbor-vitae (Thuja), low-growing junipers (Juniperus) root easily, yews (Taxus) fairly well
Semihardwood stem cuttings
• Definition: cuttings from woody, broad-leaved evergreen species and leafy summer and early fall cuttings of deciduous plants with partially matured wood
• Features: rooting under high humidity is essential to prevent leaf abscision
• Ornamental shrubs (camellia, pittosporum, rhododendron, euonymous, evergreen azaleas, holly, and fruit spp. (citrus, olive)
Softwood stem cuttings
• Definition: cuttings from soft, succulent new spring growth through early to mid-summer (before green wood begins to mature)
• Features: high humidity during rooting; very useful for difficult-to-root spp.
• Many ornamental woody shrubs (lilacs, weigela, spiraea)
Herbaceous stem cuttings
• Definition: cuttings from succulent nonwoody plants such as mums, coleus, carnations, foliage spp.) that retain a portion of the stem and (typically) leaves and a shoot tip
• Features: humidity control is usu. required; rooting occurs quickly and in high percentages for most spp.; v. useful for many greenhouse floral crops
Herbaceous leaf cuttings
• Definition: cuttings made up of a leaf blade, or a leaf blade and petiole
• Types cuttings:– Spp. with primary meristems (plantlets arise from notches
around the leaf margins) such as Bryophyllum
– Spp. with secondary meristems (adventitious buds, shoots, and roots form at the base of the leaf and develop into the new plant) such as African violet (Saintpaulia)
Leaf-bud cuttings (single-eye or single-node)
• Definition: a cutting consisting of a leaf blade, petiole, and a short piece of stem with attached axillary bud
• Features: usually used where material is limited, and when adventitious shoots will not form from leaf cuttings; humidity control is necessary
• Useful for many greenhouse floral crops
Root cuttings
• Definition: cuttings taken from roots
• Features:– Usu. cuttings are taken in late winter or early spring
– Correct polarity is important
– A shoot and root system are formed adventitiously (not all spp. are competent)
– Some forms (thornless cultivars, variegated forms) can’t be propagated this way