Types of Crisis & Disaster

7/30/2019 Types of Crisis & Disaster

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Disaster Preparedness

Disaster impact

Disaster Response

Rehabilitation

Disaster Mitigation


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Preparedness should be in the form of money, manpower and

materials Evaluation from past experiences about risk

Location of disaster prone areas

Organization of communication, information and warningsystem

Ensuring co-ordination and response mechanisms

Development of public education programme Co-ordination with media

National & international relations

Keeping stock of foods, drug and other essential commodities.


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A disaster drill is an exercise in whichpeople simulate the circumstances of a

disaster so that they have an opportunity to

practice their responses.


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E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key role in

forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It

has 5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakapatanam, Chennai &

Mumbai. In addition there are 31 special observation posts setup along the east coast of India.

The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance

to the disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies. Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA)

World Health Organization (WHO)

UNICEF

World Food Programme (WFP)

Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD)

E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations

Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE)

International committee of Red cross


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Epidemiologic surveillance and disease

control

Vaccination

Nutrition

It involves measures taken in

anticipation of, during and immediately

after a disaster to ensure that the

effects are minimized.


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1. Implementing the

disaster managementplan

2. Setting up medical campsand mobilizing resources

3. Providing adequate

shelter and sanitaryfacilities

4. Development of searchand rescue team


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Water supply

Food safety

Basic sanitation and personal hygiene

It involves measures, which support

emergency affected areas in reconstructionof the physical infrastructure andrestoration of economic and emotional wellbeing.


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Counseling programme

for those who lost thenear ones

Restoring services likeroads, communicationlink

Providing financialsupport employment

Reconstructingdamaged buildings


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This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies. These

include depending upon the disaster, protection of vulnerablepopulation and structure.

For examples, improving structural qualities of schools,houses and such other buildings so that medical causalitiescan be minimized. Similarly ensuring the safety of healthfacilities and public health services including water supplyand sewerage system to reduce the cost of rehabilitation andreconstruction. This mitigation compliments the disaster

preparedness and disaster response activities.

It involves measures to eliminate or reduce the incidence ofseverity of disasters.


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Preventing habitation

in risk zones

Disaster resistant

buildings


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Deaths

Disability

Increase in communicable disease

Psychological problems

Food shortage

Socioeconomic losses

Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.Environmental disruption


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Minimize casualties

Prevent further casualties

Rescue the victims

First aid

Evacuate Medical care

Reconstruction

Types of Crisis & Disaster

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