Types of Climate
Transcript of Types of Climate
CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 7
Types of ClimateTypes of Climate
Earth: Our Home Full Geography
You will learn:
to explain the distribution of the three types of climate: tropical equatorial tropical monsoon cool temperate
to explain the characteristics of these three types of climate
to explain the weather and climate of Singapore with reference to rainfall, relative humidity and temperature
to discuss the extent of climate change
Types of climates
Climates are classified based on:
experienced by different parts of the world.
differences in temperatures rainfall patterns
Distribution of climatic types
Köppen climate classification map
Tropical equatorial climate Places that experience this climate include:
countries in Southeast Asia, such as Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia
the Amazon Basin of South America the Congo Basin of Africa
Distribution Temperature Rainfall
Within latitudes of 10N and 10S of the Equator
Tropical equatorial climate Characterised by high mean annual temperatures,
averaging 27 C. High temperatures are due to the concentration of the
Sun’s rays on the Earth’s surface. Temperatures are uniform because areas near the
Equator receive about the same amount of sunlight throughout the year.
Distribution Temperature Rainfall
Within latitudes of 10N and 10S of the Equator
(27 2)C
Tropical equatorial climate Relative humidity is very high, usually 80%. High rainfall -- high temperatures cause water to
evaporate rapidly, as a result, convectional rain occurs frequently.
Rain falls throughout the year. There are no distinct wet (rainy) or dry seasons.
Distribution Temperature Rainfall
Within latitudes of 10N and 10S of the Equator
(27 2)C 1 500 mm
Weather and climate of Singapore Located very near the Equator
Receives about the same amount of sunlight throughout the year High temperatures are uniform throughout the year
High annual rainfall Slight influence by the Northeast Monsoon winds give rise
to lower temperatures and higher rainfall from October to March.
Location Temperature Rainfall
0122’N of the Equator
25.7 to 27.5C 2 400 mm
Tropical monsoon climate Places that experience this climate include:
Places in Indo-China, such as Vietnam and Myanmar Places in South Asia such as India and Sri Lanka Western Africa Northeastern and southeastern Brazil
Distribution Temperature Rainfall
Between latitudes of 10 to 25N and 10 to 25S of the Equator
Tropical monsoon climate Characterised by high mean annual temperatures,
averaging 26C. Annual temperature range is 6C, which is larger than
that of the tropical monsoon climate. There is greater variation in the mean monthly
temperatures compared to equatorial climate.
Distribution Temperature Rainfall
Between latitudes of 10 to 25N and 10 to 25S of the Equator
(26 6)C
Tropical monsoon climate Rainfall range is large—between 0 millimetres and
3 000 millmetres. Characterised by distinct wet and dry seasons. Countries that lie within the latitudes of the tropical
monsoon climate are affected by monsoon winds.
Distribution Temperature Rainfall
Between latitudes of 10 to 25N and 10 to 25S of the Equator
(26 6)C 1 500 mm
Cool temperate climate Places that experience this climate include:
Canada Northwest Europe East Asian countries like China, Korea, and Northern
Japan New Zealand
Distribution Temperature Rainfall
Between latitudes of 35 to 70N and 35 to 70S of the Equator
Cool temperate climate High temperatures during summer and low
temperatures during winter. Annual temperature range varies from 15C to more
than 30C. Coastal areas experience less extreme temperatures. Inland areas experience winter temperatures of below
freezing point.
Distribution Temperature Rainfall
Between latitudes of 35 to 70N and 35 to 70S of the Equator
-68 to 30C
Cool temperate climate Precipitation comes in the form of rain during summer
and snow during winter. Annual precipitation ranges from 300 millimetres to
2 000 millimetres. Precipitation patterns are not uniform among different
places that experience this climate.
Distribution Temperature Rainfall
Between latitudes of 35 to 70N and 35 to 70S of the Equator
-68 to 30C 300 to 2 000 mm
Climate Change
Climate change is a shift in the average weather conditions that a region has been experiencing over a long period of time.
The Earth’s climate has been changing, where past temperature changes took place slowly over tens of thousands of years.
However, in the last 200 years, there has an acceleration of climate change.
Causes of climate change
Enhanced greenhouse effect Greenhouse effect is a natural process
whereby greenhouse gases absorb heat from the Sun and trap it in the atmosphere.
Keeps the Earth warm enough to sustain life. However, enhanced greenhouse effect as a
result of increase in human activities causes a rise in the Earth’s average global temperature known as global warming.
Global Warming
Global warming leads to: melting ice and rising sea levels extreme weather conditions such as
severe storms, heat waves and droughts possible extinction of plant and animal
species
Reducing the impact of climate change
Mitigation: Countries that acceded to the Kyoto
Protocol aim to reduce their greenhouse gases to six major ones.
All vehicles in Singapore must install catalytic converters.
Adaptation People might have to be relocated away
from low-lying coastal areas.
Is climate change a natural cycle?Is climate change a natural cycle?Is climate change a natural cycle?Is climate change a natural cycle?