Types of classification(1)
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Transcript of Types of classification(1)
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CLASSIFICATION TOXICITY
EXTREMELY TOXIC < 1MG/KGHIGHLY TOXIC 1-50MG/KGMODERATELY TOXIC 50-500MG/KGSLIGHTLY TOXIC 0.5-5GM/KGPRACTICALLY NON TOXIC 5-15GM/KGRELATIVELY HARMLESS > 15GM/KG
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Exremely and Highly toxic chemicals0 – 50 mg/kg range(taste 1 teaspoonful) mg/kg
Botulinus toxin 0.00001
Dioxin 0.1 Parathion 13.0 Strychnine 30.0 Nicotine 50.0
Moderately toxic chemicals50- - 500 mg/kg range(teaspoonful 1 ounce)mg/kg
Paraquat 95 Caffeine 200 Carbaryl 270 Malathion 370
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Slightly toxic chemicals500 – 5,000 mg/kg range(1 ounce 1 pint) mg/kg
2,4-DP 532 Triclpoyr 630 Tebuthiuron 644 Dicamba 757
mg/kg Formaldehyde 800 Hexazinone 1,690 Asprin 1,700 Vitamin B3 1,700 Household bleach 2,000 Table salt 3,750 Glyphosate 4,320
etc.
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1. Accidental toxicants
2. Suicidal toxicants
3. Homicidal toxicants
4. Stupefying toxicants
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examples: Liquid bleach Methyl alcohol Tablets Contaminated food Animal bites such as: snake bite, wasp,
etc.,
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Examples:ArsenicHydrogen cyanideOpiumOleanderPotassium cyanidePowderd glass
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Examples: Arsenic Aconite Croton tiglium Opium Dhutoora Khuchla thallium
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Examples: Chloroform Sulphuric acid Chloral hydrate Olax(fish stupefying) Dhatura Cannabis Ergot Chloral hydrate
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1. Corrosive poisons or toxicants
2. Irritant poisons or toxicants
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PROPERTIES:
Highly active Highly irritant Produce inflammation Ulceration Tissue and organ damage
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MINERAL ACIDS e.g., HNO3 HCL H2SO4 ORGANIC ACID e.g., formic acid acetic acid
oxalic acid Hydrocyanic
acid CONC. ALKALIES e.g., caustic soda caustic potash
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This is dilute form of corrosive poison.It act as an irritant.
It produces:-Irritation-Burning-Abdominal pain-Vomiting-Diarrhoea
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NON-METALLICBromineIodine
chlorine Phosphorus
METALLICCopperLeadMercuryArsenic
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VEGETABLECastor oil seedDhutura seedsCroton tiglium
ANIMALSnake venomInsect venom -Bees -Wasps -Ants
MECHANICALGlass Diamond (powdered form both)
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1. neurotic toxicants
2. spinal cord toxicants
3. Peripheral nervous system toxicants
4. Cardiac poisons
5. Asphyxiants
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6.hepatotoxicants alcohol,aflotoxins,carbon tetrachloride, bromobenzene 7.Nephrotoxicants Metals,chloroform
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“Affects the central nervous system”
SOMNIFEROUS – induces sleep or sleep like conditions.
e.g., snake biteSnake venomOpium & it’s byproducts
INEBRANT - produces two sets of symptoms: i. excitement ii. Narcosis
e.g., alcohol methyl alcoholfuels
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“Effects spinal cord”
Examples:- Belladona- Aconite- Dhatura
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Examples:
Conium and CurareFrom conium Alkaloides are producedi.e.,
ConclineMethyl Concline
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Examples:
Snake venom Bee venom Scorpion venom Oleander seeds Castor oil seeds Nicotine from tobacco Cocaine Aconite Cannabis sativa
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Produce respiratory problems such as suffocation, lung problems, etc.,
CO2 CO Nitrous oxide WAR Gases
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i. TEAR GASES or LACRIMOTOR
CAP (chloroacetophenone) BBC (bromobenzylcyanide)
ii. LUNG IRRITANTS
Chlorine gas Phosgene
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iii. BLISTER GASES
Mustard gas DES- Dichloroethylsulphide
iv. VOMITING GAS
DPC- Diphenylchlorirosine
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Plant origin Apple seeds Plum ,cherry ,almond(l&s) Oleander (leaves&branches) Potato(solanine&chocanine) Tomato(rutin&tomatin) Cannabis sativa Croton tiglium Daffodils Fox glove (leaves)
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Oral Parenteral Crinotoxins
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Saxitoxin (dinoflagellates) Saxitoxin (Fresh water mussels) Tetramine(whelk) (clupeotoxin)Thread herring
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Tetramine (physalia) Cardiotoxin(sea wasp) Cephalotoxin(octopus) Melittin(hony bee) Formic acid(ant)
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Cantharidin(blister beetles) samanine, samandarone(salamander) bufotoxin, bufogenins(toads) Batrachotoxin(tree frog)
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Aflatoxins Ochratoxin Citrinin Ergotamine Patulin