Types of Chemical Reactions(equations/balancing)

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Types of ReactionsThe big ideas

1. Matter is ______conserved- “what goes in must come out”

This is how we balance

2. _______ happen in many ways

3. Four categories are used to predict ________ (there is much overlap)

Decomposition

•The general idea

AB A + B

A demonstration

Hydrogen Peroxide _____ + oxygen

_H2O2 __ ______ + __ ________

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Decomposition- samples

• XCO3 XO + CO2

Carbonate oxide + carbon dioxide

CaCO3 • XSO3 XO + SO2

Sulfite oxide + sulfur dioxide

Na2SO3 Examples to balance

Decomposition (cont.)

•XOH XO + H2O

Hydroxide oxide + water

NaOH

XClO3 / XClO4 XCl + O2

Chlorates & perchlorates chloride + oxygen

KClO3

KClO4

Single Replacement• The general idea

M + A- + B + B+ A- + M

Compound1 + metallic element1

compound2 + metallic element2

•B is more active then M see activity of metals list.

Silver(II) Nitrate + copper(s)

Name Symbol

Iron Fe

Nickel Ni

Tin Sn

Lead Pb

(hydrogen) (H)*

Copper Cu

Mercury Hg

Silver Ag

Gold Au

Activity of Metals(for single replacement reactions)

Name SymbolLithium Li

Potassium K

Barium Ba

Calcium Ca

Sodium Na

Magnesium Mg

Aluminum Al

Zinc Zn

Most

least

Li

K

Ba

Ca

Na

Replace H in acids &

water

Mg

Al

Zn

Fe

Ni

Sn

Pb

Replace H in acids only

Single Replacement (cont)• M + C - + N M + N - + C

Compound1 + nonmetallic element1

compound2 + nonmetallic element2

• N must be more active then C - …. Nonmetals higher and to the right on the P.T. are more active.

KBr(aq) + Cl2 (aq)

Double Replacement

• A+ B - + C + D - A+ D - + C + B –

•Only occurs IF a product is gas, precipitate (insoluble) or H2O.

Lead(II) nitrate(aq) + potassium iodide(aq)

Double Replacement (cont.)

Acid + Base water + salt

• Neutralization

H +B- + C +OH - HOH + C + B-

H2CrO4 (aq) + LiOH (aq)

Synthesis(composition/combination)

• A + B AB . Element + Element Compound

Zinc(s) + Oxygen(g)

Zn(s) + O2 (g)

• MO + H2O MOH .

Metal oxide + water metal hydroxide (base)

CaO(s) + H2O(l)

Synthesis (cont.)(composition/combination)•NMO + H2O H( NM)O

Nonmetal oxide + water oxyacid

SO3(g) + H2O(l)

Combustion•Complete Combustion (of a hydrocarbon):

C2H5OH (l) + O2 (g)

hydrocarbon + oxygen water + carbon dioxide + q

Combustion (cont)

Incomplete combustion:

hydrocarbon + oxygen water + carbon monoxide + q

C2H5OH (l) + O2 (g)