Chemical Reactions – Part II Five Types of Chemical Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions
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Types of Chemical Reactions
let’s classify . . .
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Why Classify Chemical Reactions?
“I wonder what will happen if I light a match in a room full of gasoline vapour?”
What type of reaction do you think will occur?Combustion—exothermic and rapid!
How do you know this?
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Five Types of Chemical Reactions
1. Synthesis2. Decomposition3. Combustion4. Single Displacement5. Double Displacement
let’s look more closely at each type . . .
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Synthesis Reactions
Occur when two or more elements or compounds combine to form a new substance. These reactions come in the general form of:
A + B AB
eg. 8 Fe + S8 8 FeS
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Predict the products . . .
Na(s) + Cl2(g)
NaCl(s)Al(s) + Br2(l)
AlBr3(s)
Fe(s) + Cl2(g)
FeCl3(s)
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Mg(s) + O2(g)
MgO(s)
Sb(s) + Cl2(g)
SbCl3(s)
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P4(s) + O2(g) P4O10(s)
P4O10(s) + HOH(l) H3PO4(aq)
CaO + HOH(l) Ca(OH)2(aq)
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Reactions of Oxides with Water
a) Metal oxide + HOH basic solutioneg. Na2O(s) + HOH(l)
NaOH(aq)
b) Non-metallic oxide + HOH acidic solution
eg. SO3(g) + HOH(l)
H2SO4(aq)
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Write the product(s) of each of the following synthesis reactions
Zn(s) + S8(s)
ZnS(s)Zn(s) + O2(g)
ZnO(s)S8(s) + O2(g)
SO2(g)
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Synthesis reactions and Acid Precipitation
CO2(g) + H2O(l)
H2CO3(aq)
S8(s) + O2(g) (unbalanced)
SO2(g)
SO2(g) + O2 (unbalanced)
SO3(g)
SO3(g) + H2O(l) (unbalanced)
H2SO4(aq)
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Decomposition Reactions
A compound decomposes—or breaks down into its elements or into other compounds.
C A + B
A decomp. reaction is the opposite of asynthesis reaction.
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Types of Decomposition Rxns
• binary cmpd its elements
• metal nitrate metal nitrite + O2
• metal carbonate metal oxide + CO2
• metal hydroxide metal oxide + H2O
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Examples
NaCl(s) Na(s) + Cl2(g)
KNO3(s)
KNO2(s) + O2
Na2CO3
Na2O + CO2
NaOH Na2O + H2O
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Examples of decomposition reactions
2 HOH(l) 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
NH4NO3(s) N2O(g) + 2 HOH(g)
H2O2(aq) (with MnO2(s) catalyst) HOH(l) + O2(g)
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What’s a catalyst?
A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction . . . but
is not used up in the reaction.A catalyst is present at the beginning and at the
end of a chemical reaction.eg. catalytic converter in an automobile’s
exhaust system
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More examples of decomp rxns (with video clips)
KClO3(s) + heat
KCl(s) + O2(g)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Xu2YZzufTM
(NH4)2Cr2O7(s) + heat
Cr2O3(s) + N2(g) +
HOH(g)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mJbcMOa0GA
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Are the products of a decomposition reaction stable or unstable compounds?
What product(s) have you noticed so far?
N2, HOH, KCl, etc
These are allstable compounds.
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Q: What is Beethoven doing in his grave?
A: Decomposing
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Combustion Reactions
Used for cooking, heat, transportation and more.
Complete combustion of a C & H (& O) containing fuel in the presence of sufficient O2 yields
CO2 and HOHIncomplete combustion yieldsC(s) + CO(g) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)
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examples of combustion of C&H(&O) - containing fuels
CH3CH2OH(l) + O2(g) (sufficient O2)
CO2(g) + HOH(g)
C8H18(l) + O2(g) incomplete combustion
C(s) + CO(g) + CO2(g) + HOH(g)
(Incomplete combustion—not enough O2 present)
Is it possible to balance this equation?
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Here’s an example of just how combustible methane is:
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Here’s what happened when we put a balloon full of H2 and O2 on top of a sheet of Al foil in a microwave oven.
rxn is:2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(g) + energy
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Can also have combustion of elements other than carbon
eg. Mg(s) + O2(g) MgO(s)
H2(g) + O2(g) HOH(g)
How else could we classify these reactions?synthesis
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Check out this video
http://www.stumbleupon.com/su/4nU70a/current.com/entertainment/comedy/90267537_chemical-party.htm