Types of Cells Biology

Modul C

The Cell(lat. cellula) The structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms. (apart from viruses)

The Cell

Biology 1 Types of cells

Water -the universal solvent primarily due to its chemical and physical properties. Biomoleculs (DNA, proteins, polysaccharides, etc.) are dissolved in water.

Carbohydrate – the source of energy, construction material, or reservoir of energy.

Fats – the sources of energy, construction material.

Proteins – construction, transmitting, storing, motoric, catalytic, controlling, regulatory and defensive function.

Nucleic acids – carry the genetic information.

Chemical make up of cells

Biology 2 Types of cells

CYTOPLASM substance inside a cell which surrounds the cell's nucleus

Basic Cellular Organelle

Biology 3 Types of Cells

RIBOSOMES the site of protein synthesis

CYTOMEMBRANEControls passage of substances in and out of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus united passages

MITOCHONDRIAProduction of energy

The Nucleus and a nuclear envelope

Contains the genetic material

BIOLOGY 4 Types of Cells

Movements of Movements of Phospholipids:Phospholipids:

• HorizontalHorizontal

• Rotary Rotary

Movements of PROTEINSMovements of PROTEINS:: migrationmigration,, ssynthesisynthesis a andnd extinctionextinction

• VerticalVertical

CYTOMEMBRANE

PROKARYOTIC CELL evolutionary oldest cells

typical for bacteria

size approximately in units of m

do not have a nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelles

neither their DNA nor any of their other sites of metabolic activity are collected together in a discrete membrane-enclosed area

Prokaryotic and eukaryote cells

Biology 5 Types of Cells

EUKARYOTE CELL typical for evolutionary younger cells size in tens of m a variety of internal membranes and structures, called organelles it has true nucleus

Cellular Nutrition

BIOLOGY 6 Types of cells

Autotrophic transformation of inorganic to organic substances produces complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules using energy from light

Called: Photosynthesis

e.g. plant cells

HETEROTROPHIC are unable to synthesize organic compounds to use as food

the organism does not prepare its own food and is dependent on other organisms for food- depend on autotrophs for their nutrition

6 H2O + 6 CO2 + energie C6H12O6 + 6 O2