Types if Information System
Transcript of Types if Information System
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Types of Information SystemTypes of Information System
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4 Levels of Information System4 Levels of Information System
y Operational-level system
y
Knowledge-level systemy Management-level system
y Strategic level system
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y Operational-level Systems
Support operational managers by keeping
track of the elementary activities and
transactions of the organisation. The principle
purpose of systems at this level is to answer
routine questions and track the flow of
transactions through the organisation. Covers
things such as sales, receipts, cash deposits,
payroll, credit decisions, flow of materials.
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y Knowledge-level Systems
Support knowledge and data workers in an
organisation. The purpose of these systems is to
help the organisation discover, organise andintegrate new and existing knowledge in to the
business, and to help control the flow of
paperwork. These systems, specially in the form
of collaboration tools, workstations, and officesystems, are the fastest growing applications in
business today.
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KnowledgeKnowledge--level Systemslevel Systems
y Office Automation Systems (OAS) Targeted at meeting the knowledge needs ofdata workers
within the organisation
Data workers tend to process rather than createinformation. Primarily involved in information use,
manipulation or dissemination.y Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)
Targeted at meeting the knowledge needs ofknowledgeworkers within the organisation
In general, knowledge workers hold degree-level
professional qualifications (e.g. engineers, scientists,lawyers), their jobs consist primarily in creating newinformation and knowledge
KWS, such as scientific or engineering design workstations,promote the creation of new knowledge, and itsdissemination and integration throughout the organisation.
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y Management-level Systems
Designed to serve the the monitoring,controlling, decision-making, and administrative
activities of middle managers. These typically
provide periodic reports rather than instant
information on operations. Some of thesesystems support non-routine decision-making,
focusing on less-structured decisions for which
information requirements are not always clear.
This will often require information from outsidethe organisation, as well as from normal
operational-level data.
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y Strategic-level Systems
Help senior management tackle and address
strategic issues and long-term trends, both
within the organisation and in the external
environment. Principal concern is matching
organisational capability to changes, and
opportunities, occurring in the medium to long
term (i.e. 5 - 10 years) in the external
environment.
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Typically, an organisation might have operational,knowledge, management and strategic levelsystems for each functional area within theorganisation. This would be based on themanagement model adopted by theorganisation, so, while the most commonly-
adopted systems structure would simply followthe standard functional model, structuresreflecting bureaucratic, product and matrixmodels are also possible.
As identified before, enterprise levelinformation systems attempt to encompass thewhole organisation in one system.
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OperationalOperational--level Systemslevel Systems
y Transaction-Processing Systems (TPS)
Basic business systems
Perform daily routine transactions necessary
for business functions
At the operational level, tasks, resources and
goals are predefined and highly structured
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ManagementManagement--level Systemslevel Systemsy Management Information Systems (MIS)
MIS provide managers with reports and, in
some cases, on-line access to the organisations
current performance and historical records
Typically these systems focus entirely on
internal events, providing the information for
short-term planning and decision making. MIS summarise and report on the basic
operations of the organisation, dependent on
the underlying TPS for their data.
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y Decision-Support Systems (DSS)
As MIS, these serve the needs of themanagement level of the organisation
Focus on helping managers make decisions thatare semi-structured, unique, or rapidly changing,
and not easily specified in advance Use internal information from TPS and MIS, but
also information from external sources
Greater analytical power than other systems,
incorporate modelling tools, aggregation andanalysis tools, and support what-ifscenarios
Must provide user-friendly, interactive tools
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StrategicStrategic--level Systemslevel Systems
y Executive Support/Information Systems
(ESS/EIS)
Serve the strategic level of the organisation ESS/EIS address unstructured decisions and
create a generalised computing and
communications environment, rather than
providing any fixed application or specificcapability. Such systems are not designed to
solve specific problems, but to tackle a changing
array of problems
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Thank you