Types of SentencesTypes of

Sentences

Clause are the building blocks of sentences.

A clause is a group of words that contains (at least) a subject and a verb.

Clause

These are clauses:Ecology is a science because pollution causes cancer

These are not clauses:To protect the environment after working all day

Independent, contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence by itself.

Subject + verbs (+ complement) Example: Students normally spend four years in

college. Dependent, doesn’t expresses a complete thought

and can not stand alone as a sentences by itself.Subordinator + subject + verb (+ complement)

Example: …. Although students normally spend four years in college…

There are two kinds of clause

There are four kinds of sentences

There are four kinds of sentences

Simple Compound Complex Compound complex

Simple Compound Complex Compound complex

Subordinators (subordinating conjunctions)

Coordinators (coordinating conjunctions) Conjunctive Adverbs

Three groups of words are used to connect sentences in order to form different kinds of sentences.

Suborinators (Subordinating Conjunctions)

After Before That When Which

Although Even though Though Whenever While

As How Unless Where Who

As if If Until Wherever Whom

As soon as Since What Whether Whose

Because So that

Coordinators (Coordinating Conjunctions)

You can remember the seven coordinators by the phrase FAN BOYS

For And Nor But Or Yet So

Conjuctive Adverbs

Accordingly Furthermore In Contrast Meanwhile On the other hand

Besides Hence Indeed Moreover Otherwise

Consequently However Instead Nevertheless Therefore

For example In Addition Likewise Nonetheless Thus

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Simple sentencesSimple sentences A simple sentences is one

independent clause

Example: I enjoy playing tennis with my friends

every weekend.

A simple sentences is one independent clause

Example: I enjoy playing tennis with my friends

every weekend.

Try to make your own simple sentences!

Try to make your own simple sentences!

Compound SentencesCompound Sentences

DefinitionDefinition

A Compound Sentence is a sentence that joins two independent clauses together with a coordinator, conjunctive adverb or semicolon.

A Compound Sentence is a sentence that joins two independent clauses together with a coordinator, conjunctive adverb or semicolon.

FormulaFormula

Compound Sentence =

Independent Clause + Independent Clause

Compound Sentence =

Independent Clause + Independent Clause

Combining ClausesCombining Clauses

There are three ways to combine independent causes to make a compound sentence:

Coordinators Conjunctive adverbs Semicolon

There are three ways to combine independent causes to make a compound sentence:

Coordinators Conjunctive adverbs Semicolon

Coordinators Coordinators

A coordinating conjunction is also known as a F.A.N.B.O.Y.S.

A coordinating conjunction is also known as a F.A.N.B.O.Y.S.

For Conects solution with problems

Ex: Let’s go to the swimming pool, for it’s hot inside the house

And Connects two ideas that go together

Ex : I want to go to the circus, and I want to ride a pony.

Nor Negative form of or Ex : I have never visited Asia, nor

have I ever visited Africa.

For Conects solution with problems

Ex: Let’s go to the swimming pool, for it’s hot inside the house

And Connects two ideas that go together

Ex : I want to go to the circus, and I want to ride a pony.

Nor Negative form of or Ex : I have never visited Asia, nor

have I ever visited Africa.

But Connect two ideas that go against each other Ex : I need to go to the store, but I’m feeling too sick to drive.

Or to connects two choices Ex : You can make a big poster, or

you can make a brochure

But Connect two ideas that go against each other Ex : I need to go to the store, but I’m feeling too sick to drive.

Or to connects two choices Ex : You can make a big poster, or

you can make a brochure

Yet Connects two ideas that go against each other

Ex : I don’t want to practice playing the violin, yet I don’t want to disobey my mother

So Connects a problem with result

Ex : I didn’t do my homework, so my parents punished me.

Yet Connects two ideas that go against each other

Ex : I don’t want to practice playing the violin, yet I don’t want to disobey my mother

So Connects a problem with result

Ex : I didn’t do my homework, so my parents punished me.

Exercise 1 Exercise 1

The yard is full of leaves after school, we will clean

them together

The yard is full of leaves after school, we will clean

them together

Exercise 2Exercise 2

My mom takes me to the mall for clothes.

My dad buys school supplies for me.

My mom takes me to the mall for clothes.

My dad buys school supplies for me.

Conjuctive AdverbsCoordinators Conjuctive Adverbs

And besides furthermore moreover also

ButYet

however nevertheless nonetheless

Or OtherwiseSo accordingly

consequently hence therefore thus

ExampleExample

Sick person need to take their medicine otherwise they won’t get better

Students want to get a good score therefore they study hard

Sick person need to take their medicine otherwise they won’t get better

Students want to get a good score therefore they study hard

Exercise 1Exercise 1 Ecologists know that burning

fossil fuels causes holes in the ozone layer.

People continue to do it.

Ecologists know that burning fossil fuels causes holes in the ozone layer.

People continue to do it.

SemicolonSemicolon

You can also use a semicolon to create a compound sentence since the two statements are equal.

Ex) The teacher applauded the class; the kids beamed with pride.

Ex) The dog ate; the cat slept.

You can also use a semicolon to create a compound sentence since the two statements are equal.

Ex) The teacher applauded the class; the kids beamed with pride.

Ex) The dog ate; the cat slept.

Complex SentencesComplex Sentences

More Important idea More Important idea

Independent Clause

Dependent Clause

Adverbbegins with an adverbial subordinator such as when, while, because, although, if, so that, etc.

Ex: 1. Although women in the United States could own property, they could not

vote until 1920. 2. women in the United States could not vote until 1920 although they could own property.

Dependent Clauses

Dependent Clauses Dependent Adjevtive(relative)

begins with a relative pronoun such as who, whom, which, whose, or that or with a relative adverb such as where or when.

Ex:1. Men who are not married are called

bachelors. 2. Last year we vacationed on the Red Sea,

which features excellent scuba diving.

Dependent Clauses Dependent noun

function as a nounbegins with a wh-question word, that, whether, or sometimes if. Ex: 1. I don’t know where she is.2. I can’t hear what he said.

EXERCISE!

1. Because the cost of education is rising, many students must work part-time.

2. Last year, the government reported that drug use is increasing.

3. Doctors are concerned about drug use by young people, who think that smoking marijuana is risk-free.

Compound-complex sentence Is a sentence with at least two

independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses- Although I like to go camping, I haven’t had the time to go lately, and I haven’t found anyone to go with

- We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong.

Notes :Independent clauseDependent clause

ComparisonComparison

Simple Sentence [ Subject + predicate]Twenty Freeport citizens protested the ban against smoking.

Compound Sentence[ Independent clauses joined by a comma + coordinate conjunction]Twenty Freeport citizens protested the smoking ban, but the newspaper failed to cover the story.

Complex Sentence[Independent clause + dependent clause]

Although 20 Freeport citizens protested the smoking ban, the newspaper failed to cover the story.

Exercise : Which type of sentence is

it?

Exercise : Which type of sentence is

it?1. The training rooms fo these college atheltes

smell of grease and gasoline.2. Most of the students are engineering majors,

and the devote every minute of their spare time to their sport.

3. Their tools are screwdrivers and spanners rather than basketballs and footballs.

4. The cars are called Legends cars, models of Fords and Chevys from 1932 to 1934, and they are refitted by the students with 1200 cc motorcycle engines.

5. Although the sport is new, it has already attracted six collegiate teams in the Southeast.

1. The training rooms fo these college atheltes smell of grease and gasoline.

2. Most of the students are engineering majors, and the devote every minute of their spare time to their sport.

3. Their tools are screwdrivers and spanners rather than basketballs and footballs.

4. The cars are called Legends cars, models of Fords and Chevys from 1932 to 1934, and they are refitted by the students with 1200 cc motorcycle engines.

5. Although the sport is new, it has already attracted six collegiate teams in the Southeast.

Thank youThank you