Type A, B & C Personalities
Transcript of Type A, B & C Personalities
Type A and Type B Personality
Nayab ArshadRoll no. 1263
Personality has been conceptualized as a pattern of behavior that includes attributes, traits and mannerism distinguishing one individual from another.
Introduction
Theoretical Background
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman (1974)
Two distinct patterns of personality traits
The type B – Common
Type A – Outliers
The Type A Personality
“An action-emotion complex that can be
observed in any person who is aggressively involved in a chronic, incessant struggle to
achieve more and more in less and less time.”
(Friedman and Rosenman, 1974)
Underlying Defense Mechanism
Compensation
Hard work and Overachievement
Try to accoun
t for insecurities
Low self‐
esteem
Characteristics Of Type A Personality
1. Free-floating hostility
2. Time Urgency and impatience
3. Competitive drive
4. Life imbalance
5. Preoccupation
6. Achievement orientation
Problems associated with Type A Personality
Aggression
Hypertension
Heart Disease
Job Stress
Social Isolation
Assessment
Personality type test by Dr. Howard Glazer
Management of Type A Characteristics Behavioral Strategies
i. Breathing Exercises ii. Self management training iii. Gardening
Cognitive Strategiesi. Journalingii. Thought diaries iii. Written ventilationiv. Problem solving trainingv. Constructive alternativism
Strategies for others to deal with type A individuals
i. Assertivenessii. Conflict resolution techniquesiii. Healthy boundaries
Type B individuals are patient, relaxed, and easy-going, generally lacking any sense of
urgency. They are often described as
apathetic and disengaged by
individuals with Type A or other personality
types.
Type B Personality
Characteristics of Type B Personality
Calmness
Creativity
Job satisfaction
Emotional stability
Compassion
Even temperament
Management of Type B Personality
Motivation building
Collaboration
Social acceptance
Individuals with type C personality pattern
have difficulty expressing emotion and
tend to suppress emotions. Such
individuals display pathological niceness,
conflict avoidance, high social desirability,
over compliance and over patience.
Type C Personality
Underlying defense mechanism
Pathological niceness
Characteristics of Type C Personality
Vigilance
Sophistication
Concern
Concrete
Management of Type C Personality
Cognitive restructuring
Detail-oriented tasks
Autonomy to solve complex challenges
Data-driven activities
Personality Hardiness
A set of personality characteristics that allow the individual to defend against the negative effects of stress
The 3 C’s of hardiness
Control
Commitment
Challenge
Research into the ‘hardy’ personality
To investigate whether a ‘hardy’ personality impacts on an individuals ability to defend against the negative effects of stress
Findings Hardy personality type is linked to stress
levels
Defends against the negative effects of stress
Encourages resilience and helps an individual to cope with stress (Kobasa, 2006).
Empirical Research on Type A/B Theory
Friedman & Rosenman (1976) - longitudinal study to test hypothesis that type A personality predicts incidents of heart disease.
Type A participants were twice as likely to develop heart disease as Type B’s
Type A behavior makes individuals more prone to stress-related illnesses.
(Friedman & Rosenman, 1976)
Critical Evaluation Description of complex human
experiences within narrowly defined parameters.
Type A behavior is not a good predictor of coronary heart disease.
A much more sophisticated model is needed to predict coronary heart disease.
Conclusion The distinction of type A and B
personality - not entirely supported by professionals
Significant in terms of the characteristics that can help understand the underlying mechanisms
Effective intervention plans, keeping in view pattern of individuals dealt in the spectrum of health psychology.
References
Baum, T. A. Revenson & J. E. Singer (Eds.) Handbook of Health Psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Friedman, M. (1996). Type A Behavior: Its Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, Plenum Press (Kluwer Academic Press), pp. 31 ff.
McLeod, S. A. (2011). Type A Personality. Retrieved on April 26th, 2015 from http://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-a.html.
Scott, E. (2004). How To Soften Type A Traits. Retrieved on April 26th, 2015 from http://stress.about.co/od/understandingstress/a/type_a_person_2.html.
Type A and Type B personality theory Retrieved on April 26th, 2015 from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=463058306.
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