TXL470 Textile Testing

Suzaini Binti Abdul GhaniTextile Technology ProgrammeFaculty of Applied SciencesRoom no. : HC4061

03-5543 7859 010-226 3462

It is your own choice>>>>>>>>>>

Recommendations for Success! Doa and work hard

1. Attend all classes. 2. Take good class notes. 3.Pay attention to detail. 4.Write down examples shown in class.

That is why you have to attend all classes.

Enjoy the class. What you learn will be useful in many different aspects of your life. It is more than just Textile Testing course

COURSE OUTCOME1. State and discuss the terms of textile

testing and quality control, condition of testing and sampling of fibres, yarns and fabrics.

2. Identify, discuss and operate the equipment for testing of fibres, yarns and fabrics.

3. Discuss, plan and conduct testing and evaluation of fibres, yarns and fabrics.

COURSE OUTCOME

Continuation from previous page

4. Analyze and evaluate quality of fibres, yarns and fabrics, related to quality measures in production.

5. Discuss results of testing fibres, yarns and fabrics for specific end-uses.

6. In writing, discuss and report results of fibres, yarns and fabrics testing

A:Three tests 40-50%1.Intro and fibres2. Yarns3. Fabrics4. Final test

B: Individual and group assignments Class activities 20-30%

C: Lab reports 30%

EVALUATION

Definition of QUALITYJuran Handbook of Quality

Quality consists of those product features which meet the needs of the CUSTOMERS and thereby provide PRODUCTS satisfaction

Quality consists of freedom from defects

PRODUCT:

OUTPUT OF ANY PROCESS

1. Goods: Physically available2. Software: Instruction programs for computers3. Services: Work performed for someone else

CUSTOMERS

1.External

2.Internal

3.Users

CUSTOMERS NEEDS:

1.PRODUCT SATISFACTION

(ACCORDING TO GRADE)

2.CONFORMANCE TO

SPECIFICATION / REQUIREMENT

Definition of QUALITYANSI/ASQC Standard A3-1987

“The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs”

TEXTILE

TESTING

LABORATORY

AND

PROCEDURES

Expensive : Lab set up

(furnished and testing equipment)

Operative cost (operator salaries, computer, training)

Nonproductive: Add up to final cost of

production

2. Monitoring production - Testing samples from the production line:

Quality Control

- Maintain specific properties of the product by

1. Carry out test

2. Appropriate sampling techniques

3. Statistical analysis (analysis of the results)

3. Evaluation of the end productOutput from the bulk production

is examined before delivering products to the customers

Takes place after the materials have been produced

Example: Yarn inspection, Fabric inspection, Garment inspection

4. Investigation of faulty materialFaulty: 1. Final inspection

2. Customer complaints

Important to know the causes in order to eliminate faulty production in future

To know which section is responsible for the faulty/problems

(Example: supplier or makers)

5. Product developments and researchTechnology is changing 1. Modified materials2. Different method of production in

order to produce new productsa. Improve quality of products orb. Lower the cost of production

New methods/materials/products need to be tested before marketing

Fabric Quality Control Inspection

Standardization of testingFrom the testing1. The performance of the product2. Meet the specification or not???

The test should be REPRODUCED even though different laboratory/operators handling the test.

Result should be in certain range “Statistical Criteria”

Variations of results due to:1. MATERIALS

Variable properties, example: Cotton fiber

2. TEST METHODi. Human influence :

-test procedure-mounting of specimen-precision in the adjustment of the instrument-results interpretation

ii. Condition of the materials: -size-packaging

iii. Temperature and humidity condition

iv. Type and condition of the testing equipments

Minimize variation of results by using set of standard

Malaysian Standard (MS)

British Standard (BS)

International Standard Organization (ISO)

American Standard Testing Material (ASTM)

American Association of Textile Colorist and Chemist (AATCC)

STANDARD 1. Reference number:

D3776-96 (Example)2. Scope of test 3. Referenced documents4. Summary of test

method5. Apparatus6. Conditioning7. Details on test method8. Report9. Precision and bias10. Appendix for reference11. KeywordsClass activity 1

Temperature (Degree C) Relative Humidity (%)

20 65 + 2

23 50 + 2

27 65 + 2

TEXTILE TESTING CONDITION

Relative Humidity• The amount of water vapor in the

air (at a specific temperature) compared to the maximum amount of water vapor air could hold at that temperature, and is given as a percentage value.

• Relative humidity depends on the temperature of the air, as warm air can hold more moisture than cold air.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUESDue to:-1.time and cost constraint , 2.destructive test

Factors to consider:

1. The form of material2. Amount of sample available3. Nature of the test4. Type of testing equipment5. Information required6. Degree of accuracy required

Random vs biased samples

RANDOM SAMPLE BIASED SAMPLE

- Every individual in the population has an equal chance of being included

- True representation: equal chance of being represented

- Selection of an individual is influenced by factors other than chance

Factors: Physical characteristic

Example: Fibre length

Terms used in sampling1. Consignment: Quantity of material delivered at the same

time

2. Test lot or batch: One defined type and quality, delivered to

one customer

3. Laboratory sample: Material used as a basis for carrying out the

measurement in the lab. Derived by appropriate random sampling

Terms used in sampling4. Test specimen:Material used for individual measurement

derived from the laboratory sample

5. Container:A shipping unit which may or may not contain

package

6. Package:Elementary units (which can be unwound) within

each container in the consignmentExample: bobbin, cone, hanks(roving strand,

yarn, sliver)

Descriptive analysis used in textile testing

AVERAGEMEANMEDIANSTANDARD DEVIATION CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

Class Activity 2

Definition:

AVERAGE- Weighted center of the data

MEDIAN- Middle value in the ordered data set

STANDARD DEVIATION- Measure of variability

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT-Strength and direction of linear relationship between X and Y

Interpreting the correlation = R

Perfect -1Near to -10Perfect +1Near to +1

Example:

A set of data X = (1,3, 5, 7)A set of data Y = (2, 4, 6, 8)Calculate1. Mean2. Median3. Standard Deviation4. R

STEPS for Standard Deviation1. Find the average2. Take each number and substract

the average from it3. Square each of the difference4. Add up all the values in Steps 35. Devide values form Step 3 with

n-16. Square roots value of Step 5 to

get the standard deviation

STEPS for Correlation1. Find the mean of X and Y2. Find the Sx and Sy3. For each pair in the data set, take x

minus Xaverage and Y minus Yaverage., and then multiply these difference together

4. Add all these product to get a sum5. Divide the sum by Sx X Sy6. Divide the result by n – 1, where n is

the number of (x,y) pairs.

Example1. Calculate the R between weight and drape coefficient2. Plot the graph and explain/discuss the relationship between weight and drape coefficient.

Weight Drape coefficient

80 50.00

85.6 55.02

70.6 40.02

95.1 57.46

100.0 60.01

98.2 58.21

QUIZ 1 22 March 20131. Defined and explained the term QUALITY.2. Give one example of standard. What

STANDARD tells you?3. Calculate the regression value between

abrasion cycle and fabric strength. Based on the value obtained, discuss the relationship between these two parameters.

Abrasion cycle

Tensile lost (N)

100 0.002300 0.010900 0.3001500 0.712