Tx history-ch-19.2
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Transcript of Tx history-ch-19.2
Chapter 19: ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction
Thinking Question
What come to mind when you here the word
“radical”?
Andrew Johnson &
Presidential Reconstructio
n
Radical Republicans & Congressional Reconstruction
Radical Republicans React
• Problems:
– Black codes
– Southerners elected people who had led rebellion
– Laws passed that benefited wealthy landowners
– Denying equal rights and violence against African Americans
Radical Republicans React
•Radical Republicans:
–Believed Congress needed to take a greater role in Reconstruction
–Loyal state governments could only be created with participation of Unionists & African Americans
Radical Republicans React
•Radical Republicans:
–Wanted to give African American men the right to vote
–Pushed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 through Congress
Radical Republicans React
•President Johnson vetoes Civil Rights Act of 1866:
–Believed act gave too much power to federal government
–Rejected principle of equal rights
Radical Republicans React
•Congress reacts:
–Congress overturns veto
–14th Amendment to U.S. Constitution—guaranteed citizenship and equal rights to African Americans
The Reconstruction Acts
• 1866 elections: Republicans gain majorities in both houses of Congress
• Congress passes Reconstruction Acts:
– Southern state governments again declared provisional
The Reconstruction Acts• Congress passes Reconstruction
Acts:
– South divided into 5 military districts
– States had to write new constitutions guaranteeing African American rights & suffrage
– Ratify 14th Amendment
The Reconstruction Acts
•Marked beginning of Congressional Reconstruction
•Congressional Reconstruction meant that the terms for rejoining the Union were made more difficult.
The Reconstruction Acts
•Texas & Louisiana encompassed the Fifth Military District
The Reconstruction Acts
•Philip Sheridan—commander of the Fifth Military District
General Philip Sheridan
The Reconstruction Acts
•Gen. Sheridan replaces Gov. Throckmorton with Elisha M. Pease
The Reconstruction Acts
•Andrew Johnson—president who tried to block Congressional Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson
The Reconstruction Acts
•President Johnson impeached by the House in 1866
•President Johnson was NOT removed from office.
The Texas Republican Party
•Congressional Reconstruction led to development of Republican Party in Texas
•Mostly Unionists, African Americans, & Mexican-Americans
The Texas Republican Party
• Feb 1868: Republicans had strong turnout in elections for constitutional convention
– More than 80% of black men voted
– High ranking Confederate and most prewar officeholders could not vote
– 78 of 90 delegates were Republican, 9 were African American
The Texas Republican Party
•Republican Party splits
–One Faction wanted to put Radical Republicans in power
•Led by E.J. Davis & George T. Ruby
The Texas Republican Party
•George T. Ruby—African American leader of the Union League
The Texas Republican Party
•Republican Party splits
–Moderate Republicans
•Led by Andrew J. Hamilton
The Constitution of 1869
•Convention of 1868-69 controlled by Republicans
•Gave equal rights to African Americans, including voting
•15th Amendment—gave African American men right to vote
The Constitution of 1869
• The Constitution
– Gave governor power to appoint state judge & officials
– Changed term of governor from 2 to 4 years
– Increased school funding
– School attendance compulsory
The Constitution of 1869• Constitution
approved by wide margin
• E.J. Davis elected governor
• 14th & 15th Amendments ratified
• March 1870: Texas restored to the Union
Edmund J. Davis
Congressional Reconstruction
Causes Effects• former Confederates and planters again in power in the South
•Freedpeople being denied rights
•Radical Republican belief that federal government needed to take a stronger role in Reconstruction
•Radical Republican belief that Unionists and African Americans had to participate politically to create loyal southern state governments.
• placed under military control
•Required Texas leaders to guarantee rights for African Americans and ratify the Fourteenth Amendment for the state to rejoin the Union
•Right to vote for black Texas men and gains in political office
•Development of Texas Republican Party
•Republican control of Texas government
•Texas restored to Union in 1870