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Two new species of Encyrtidae(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) fromBangladesh attacking Pulvinariapsidii Maskell (Homoptera:Coccidae) on guavaBadrul Amin Bhuiya aa Department of Zoology , University of Chittagong ,Chittagong , 4331 , BangladeshPublished online: 18 Apr 2012.

To cite this article: Badrul Amin Bhuiya (1998) Two new species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera:Chalcidoidea) from Bangladesh attacking Pulvinaria psidii Maskell (Homoptera: Coccidae) onguava, Oriental Insects, 32:1, 267-277, DOI: 10.1080/00305316.1998.10433779

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Oriental Insects, Vol. 32: 267-277, 1998.

1WO NEW SPECIES OF ENCYRTIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA) FROM BANGLADESH ATTACKING

PULVINARIA PSIDII MASKELL (HOMOPTERA: COCCIDAE) ON GUAVA

BADRUL AMIN BHUIYA Department of Zoology, University of Chitta gong,

Chittagong - 4331, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT. Two new species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), namely Aschitus zakeri, sp. nov. and Paraphaeltodiscus mOltawari, sp. nov. are described from Bangladesh parasitizing early stages of Puluiltaria psidii Maskell (Coccidae).

Key words: Encyrtidae, Coccidae, new species, Bangladesh, India, biological control, parasitoids.

Introduction

Two new species of Encyrtidae, Aschitus zakeri, sp. nov. and Para­phaenodiscus monawari, sp. nov. are described. They have been reared as parasitoids of the coccid, Pulvinaria psidii Maskell in Bangladesh. They may prove useful as biological control agents against P. psidii in Bangladesh and elsewhere.

Pulvinaria psidii has become an increasingly serious pest of Psidium guajava (L.) Bat. and also of Citrus species. in Bangladesh (Chowdhury & Ullah, 1984). It has a very wide range of distribution and host plants. It oc­curs in all the zoogeographic regions of the World and has been recorded from 52 different families of host plants (Qin & Guillan, 1992; Ben-Dov, 1993). It is considered an economic pest of ornamentals, specially Ficus spp. in Florida (Hamon & Williams, 1984) and of unshaded coffee plants and Capsicum plants in tropical South Pacific region (Williams & Watson, 1990, Qin & Guillan, 1992). During the present study, P. psidii was found infesting Low­sonia inermis L., Barringtonia acutangla (L.) Gaertn., Lagerstroemia sp. and Alstonia scholaris Br. These plants were also recorded as hosts by Chowd­hury & Ullah (1984).

Taxonomy and host associations of the parasitoids

Aschitus Mercet and Paraphaenodiscus Girault belong to the tribe Micro­teryini of subfamily Encyrtinae. Their taxonomic history has been controver­sial with different authors treating them as synonyms or as separate genera. Hoffer (1954), Erdos (1957), Trjapitzin (1973), Prinsloo (1976) and Jensen (1989) may be consulted for information on their identities and relationships.

The reliably recorded hosts of Aschitus Mercet are Homoptera: Eriococci­dae, Pseudococcidae and Triozidae (Jensen, 1989) and of Paraphaenodiscus Girault are Coccidae (Herting, 1972; Prinsloo, 1976; and Prinsloo & Myn-

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hardt, 1982) and Pseudococcidae (Prinsloo, 1976). Jensen (1989) refers to a record of coccids as hosts of Aschitus as doubtful. Herting (1976) refers to a record of Lepidoptera to be the host of Paraphaenodiscus which is also doubt­ful (?hyperparasite, Noyes, Computer Database of Chalcidoidea, 1996). I was able to rear both the new species (one each of Aschitus and Paraphaeno­discus) from a coccid, Pulvinaria psidii.

Terminology and measurements

All measurements were made from card mounted specimens, except wings and genitalia which were mounted on slides. One unit of measurement for card mounted specimen = O.024mm. The terminology follows Noyes & Hayat (1984) and Noyes & Ren (1994). The terminology for sculpture follows Torre-Bueno (1989), Eady (1968) and Harris (1979).

BNHM DZCU

Length HL HW FV MS EL EW POL OOL SL SW FWL FWW SVL HWL HWW LT OL AL

Abbreviations used for depositories

The Natural History Museum, London. Department of Zoology, University of Chitta gong, Chitta gong, Bangladesh.

Abbreviations used for Measurements

Body length excluding exerted part of ovipositor. Head length Head width Minimum frontovertex width Malar space Maximum eye length (not in facial view) Maximum eye width (not in facial view) Distance between posterior ocelli. Distance between posterior ocellus to eye margin. Scape length Scape width Fore wing length Fore wing width Sub marginal vein length. Hind wing length Hind wing width Last tergite length Ovipositor length Aedeagus length

Genus Aschitus Mercet

Aschitus Mercet, 1921: 599. Type species: Aschitus incertus Mercet, by original designa­tion.

Anicetellus Szelenyi, 1972: 125. Type species: Anicetellus submetallicus Szelenyi, by original designation. Synonymised with Aschitus by Jensen, 1989: 294.

Viggiania Trjapitzin. 1972: 617. Type species: Viggiania pulchra Trjapitzin, by original designation. Synonymised with Anicetellus by Trjapitzin, 1973: 416.

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Aschitus has a wide range of distribution. Most of the 26 described spe­cies are known from the Palaearctic Region (Finland, Scotland, Spain, parts of the former USSR, like Caucasus, Turkmenskaya Primorsky Teritory, and Mongolia). The genus is also present in Mrican and Asian countries close to the Mediterranean Sea (Jensen, 1989). One species, lichtensiae Howard, 1896 was recorded from Sri Lanka (Jensen, 1989).

Aschitus Mercet is closely related to Microterys Thomson and Paraphae. nodiscus Girault. Thir diagnostic characters are tabulated in Table I.

Aschitus zakeri, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-2, 5-13)

Female: Length 1.08 mm (holotype), 0.95-1.29 mm (paratypes).

Head yellow. Mandibles yellow. Maxillary palpi light brown. Radicula yellow, scape yellow with a brown band ventrally, pedicel yellow, funicle segments light brown, claval segment 1 yellow and 2·3 brown, ground colour of thorax yellow to rust brown. Fore wing distinctly infuscate, with two curved hyaline bands beyond stigmal vein, apex of fore wing less infuscate. Basal cell of fore wing with blackish setae only. Legs yellow, tarsi somewhat brownish darkened. Gaster yellow.

Head: In facial view as in Fig. 5. Frontovertex with reticulate sculpture (Fig. 1). Area around ocelli with smaller cells. Ocelli arranged in almost an equilateral triangle. Antennal sockets close to the clypeal margin, antennal scrobes sharply margined and sharply separated off from the vertex (Fig. 5). The internal prominence is very sharp dorsally. Mandibles apparently with three teeth (Fig. 5). Antennal scape slender (Figs. 6, 11), funicle without any basal ring joint and six segments gradually increasing in size distally, club three-segmented, 2.0x as long as wide, shorter than funicle (Fig. 6). Relative measurements (holotype): HL 52, HW (facial view) 72, HW (side view) 20, FV24, MS 7, EL 29, EW 32, SL 24, SW 9, POL 10, OOL 2, proportions of an· tennal segments as in Fig. 6.

Thorax: Sculpture of mesoscutum and scutellum strongly scaly reticulate, cells in dorsolateral area larger and somewhat elongated (Fig. 2). Pronotum with posterior margin convex, 2.0x as long as wide, axillae finely contiguous mesad. Scutellum longer than wide, longer than mesoscutum with apex broadly blunt. Propodeum expanded on sides and slightly narrow in the mid· dIe. Fore wing well developed. Submarginal vein with eight setae. Marginal vein slightly longer than post marginal but shorter than stigmal, stigmal bent upward. Basal cell of fore wing with a large partly closed naked area (Fig. 7). Spur of mid tibia (Fig. 8) slightly shorter than the adjacent tarsal segment (15:17). Relative measurements (holotype): FWL 154, FWW 72, SVL 71, venation and base off ore wing as in Fig. 7, HWL 101, HWW 29.

Gaster: Shorter than thorax, wider than long, anterior margin concave, posterior narrowly pointed, ovipositor almost concealed. Sculpture areolate. Relative lengths (paratype): LT 40, OL 62 [MT 45]; ovipositor as in Fig. 9.

Male: Length 0.82 mm (paratype).

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Similar to female in colour, structure of body and sculpture of the thorax except for the shape of antenna (Fig. 11) and size. Head in facial view as in Fig. 10. Antennal sockets close to the clypeal margin (Fig. 10). Genitalia as in Fig. 13. Relative measurements (paratype): HL 24, HW (facial view) 32, HW (side view) 12, FV15, MS 4, EL 11, EW 10, SL 12, SW 2.5, POL 6, OOL 2, FWL 72, FWW 33, SVL 29, venation and base of fore wing as in Fig. 12, HWL 48, HWW 14, MTS 8, LT 36, AL 21[MT 20].

Holotype: Q (on card), BANGLADESH: Chitta gong, ex Pulvinaria psidii, ii.1991, colI. B. A. Bhuiya (BMNH). Paratypes: 4 Q, same data as holotype, dry mounted on cards (BMNH); 2 Q, 10", same data as holotype, dry mounted on cards, i.1991, colI. B. A. Bhuiya (BMNH); 10, 10", Chitta gong: Patiya, ex Pulvinaria psidii, mounted on slides, i.v.1991, coll. B. A. Bhuiya (BMNH); 10, Chitta gong: Patiya, ex Pulvinaria psidii, mounted on card, 1.v.1991, coll. B. A. Bhuiya (DZCU); 10", Chittagong: Patiya, ex Pulvinaria psidii, mounted on card, 15.v.1991, coll. B. A. Bhuiya (DZCU).

Host: Pulvinaria psidii Maskell on guava leaves and twigs.

Distribution: Bangladesh: Chittagong.

Etymology: The species is named in honour of Professor Kazi Zaker Husain of the Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, who did a lot to create interest in conservation of wildlife and biodiversity.

Comments: Aschitus zakeri, sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by the structure and shape of the antennal scrobes. The new species is unique in Aschitus as it differs from all other species in having the internal prominence very sharp dorsally with the dorsal parts of the antennal scrobes sharply separated off from the vertex (Fig. 5). In A. matritensis and other species of Aschitus the dorsal part of internal prominence and antennal scrobes are rather rounded. A. zakeri shows close relationship with A. matritensis (Mercet) and A. barbarus (Dalman), in having basal cell of fore wing with a large partly closed naked area but clearly differs from them in having two hyaline bands beyond stigmal vein. Besides the differences men­tioned above, the new species can also be distinguished from A. matritensis and A. barbarus from the descriptions given by Jensen (1989) as follows:

A. matritensis: Length 1.2-1.8 mm (holotype 1.4 mm); ground colour of thorax dark brown to blackish; area around ocelli and upper mouth margin more or less brownish; funicle segments 1-3 light brown, segments 4-6 whit­ish to light brownish; fore wing distinctly infuscate, with a curved hyaline band beyond stigmal vein; spur of mid tibia as long as adjacent tarsal seg­ment (19:19).

A. barbarus: Length 1.5-1.6 mm (holotype 1.5 mm); head mainly brownish to dark brown, occasionally upper face and frontovertex more or less orange to light brown; mandibles yellow to light brown; maxillary palpi yellowish (terminal segments not dark brown); radicula dark brown; anten­nal scape blackish with apical one-third brown to light brown, pedicel brown with light brown apex, funicle segments 1-4 brown, segments 5-6 whitish and

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clava blackish brown; frontovertex with golden-violet-blue reflections; ground colour of thorax and gaster dark brown to blackish; fore wing faintly infus­cate, with a curved hyaline band beyond stigmal vein; spur of mid tibia as long as adjacent tarsal segment (16: 16).

Genus Paraphaenodiscus Girault

Paraphaenodiscus Girault, 1915: 93, 123. Type species: Paraphaelwdiscus verus Girault, by original designation. Prinsloo, 1976: 159; Noyes & Hayat, 1984: 317; Subba Rao & Hayat. 1986: 120; Dahms & Gordh, 1998: 26l.

Paraphaenodiscus has a wide range of distribution. The 15 known species occur in the Oriental, Ethiopian, Palaearctic and Australian regions (Singh & Agarwal, 1992; Noyes, Computer Database of the Chalcidoidea, 1996). There are also two undescribed species from India and Malaysia in the Natural His­tory Museum (Noyes & Hayat, 1984).

The genus is close to Microterys Thomson and Aschitus Mercet (Jensen, 1989). Paraphaenodiscus differs from Aschitus and Microterys in the charac­ters listed in Table I.

Table I. Some diagnostic characters of Aschilus. Paraphaenodiscus and Microterys

Character Aschitus Paraphaenodiscus Microterys

Apical scutellar absent. present. absent. flange

Ground colour dark brown or dark bodied, usually Ochre yellow. of body blackish with brownish yellow to

more or less dis- dark brown. tinct metallic re-flections.

Antennal scape slender (normal at most moderately ex- Somewhat condition) to panded ventrally, usu- widened be-strongly flattened ally about 2.0-4.0x as low. and broadened. long as its greatest

width.

Infuscation of fore wing infus- Basal triangle of fore Basal cell of the fore wing cate with an- wing disc uniformly fore wing al-

teromedial and and densely setose, the ways with a posteromedial setae strong; remain- naked area. hyaline areas. der of wing disc

densely setose, setae becoming finer and shorter toward apex.

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Paraphaenodiscus monawari. sp. nov. (Figs 3-4, 14-18)

Female: Length - holotype 1.84 mm, para type 1.69 mm. Body robust.

Head brown. Mandibles yellow. Maxillary palpi light brown. Lower mar­gin of clypeus black. Frontovertex with yellowish tinge. Radicula brown, scape black with dorsal margin yellow apically, pedicel and funicle segments light brown, funicle segments 5-6 yellow, clava black. Thorax brown with scutellum and propodeum dark brown. Mesoscutum with bronze reflections. Fore wing distinctly infuscate, with linea calva and apical part hyaline. Basal cell of fore wing with dark brown to blackish setae. Venation light brown to brown. Legs yellow with middle and hind coxae brown. Gaster dark brown proximally with middle coxae bronze-golden reflections distally and laterally. Ovipositor yellow.

Head: In facial view as in Fig. 14. Sculpture of frontovertex cellulate re­ticulate with cells slightly elongated laterally (Fig. 3). Head 1.8x as wide as long in dorsal aspect (with occiput vertical); ocelli arranged in an acute angle triangle; mandibles appear tridentate. Antennal sockets far from clypeal margin (Fig. 14); antennal scape flattened (Fig. 15). Relative measurements (holotype): HL 55, HW (facial view) 67, HW (side view) 24, FV 11, EL 40, EW 23, POL 4, OOL 1, SL 30, SW 19, proportions of antennal segments as in Fig. 15.

Thorax: Sculpture of mesoscutum reticulate coriaceous, lower margin with fewer areolate cells (Fig. 4). Pronotum with posterior margin angular; mesoscutum more than twice as wide as long; axillae narrowly contiguous; scutellum longer than wide, longer than meso scutum with apex narrowly rounded; propodeum expanded on sides, broad in the middle. Basal cell of fore wing densely setose; submarginal vein with eleven long setae (Fig. 16). Relative measurements (holotype): FWL 148, FWW 75, venation and base of fore wing as in Fig. 16; HWL 76, HWW 28. Legs normal but femora com­pressed; mid tibial spur slightly longer than the adjacent tarsal segment (25:23).

Gaster: Shorter than thorax, wider than long, anterior margin concave, posterior broadly pointed. Sculpture of scutellum reticulate coriaceous (Fig. 4). Relative lengths (holotype): LT 64, OL 62,[MT 43]; gonostyli 54, genitalia as in Fig. 18.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Q (on card), BANGLADESH: Chittagong: Patiya, ex P. psidii, 12.i.1994, colI. B. A. Bhuiya (BMNH). Paratypes: 1 Q, same data as holotype, on slide (BMNH); 1 Q, INDIA: Assam: Jorhat, ex coccids on lemon, mounted on card, 12.vi.1985, colI. S. Singh (BMNH).

Host: Pulvinaria psidii Maskell on guava leaf and twig.

Distribution: Bangladesh: Chitta gong; India: Assam.

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Etymology; This species is named in honour of Professor Monawar Ah­mad of the Department of Entomology. Bangladesh Agricultural University. Mymensingh.

Comments: P. monawari, sp. nov. differs from other species of Paraphae­nodiscus (Girault, 1915; Myartseva, 1980; Prinsloo, 1976; Prinsloo & Myn­hardt, 1982; Risbec, 1956; Singh & Agarwal, 1992) in colour and in having a flattened antennal scape. Most of the other species of Paraphaenodiscus have a subcylindrical scape (Noyes. 1997. pers. comm.; Risbec. 1956; Prinsloo. 1976). The new species shows close relationship with P. rizicola (Risbec) in having a slightly longer mid tibial spur than the adjacent tarsal segment (6:5) and the broad scape (Prinsloo, 1976). but clearly differs from it and all other species in having a strongly broadened scape « 2.0x as long as broad). P. rizicola has a broad scape which is about 3.0x to 3.5x as long as broad (prinsloo. 1976). The new species also shows some similarities in the sculp­ture of the head and in the fore wing infuscation with P. munroi (Prinsloo. 1976). but differs in the colour of head and fore wing venation. In the new species the marginal vein is almost equal to the postmarginal and 0.7x the stigmal but in P. munroi it is more than 2.0x as long as postmarginal and slightly shorter than stigmal vein. respectively (Prinsloo. 1976). The head of the new species is yellow in colour while P. munroi has an entirely brownish­black to black head (Singh & Agarwal. 1992).

Acknowledgments

I am grateful to Professors S. H. Chowdhury and S. M. Humayun Kabir under whose guidance this study was conducted as a part of my Ph. D. work. I am indebted to Dr. John S. Noyes (NHM) for access to and loan of speci­mens, making the slide mounts. valuable suggestions. and critical review of the manuscript. I thank Dr. Mike Fitton, Dr. Donald Quicke, Mr. Ismail Miah and Mr. Habibur Rahman for their help in various ways during the work. Thanks are also due to Miss Rachel Kruft of Imperial College for assis­tance in preparing the Scanning Electron Micrographs. The British Council, Dhaka. Bangladesh funded my visit to the NHM. London.

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Figs. 1-2. Aschitus zakeri, sp. nov., Q: 1, SEM photograph of head (part); 2, thorax (part). Figs. 3-4. Paraphaenodiscus monawari, sp. nov.: 3, head (part); 4, thorax (part).

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5 6

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9

Figs. 5-9. Aschitus zakeri, sp. nov., Q: 5, head (frontal view); 6, antenna; 7, fore wing; 8, part of middle leg; 9, ovipositor.

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Figs. 10-13. Aschitus zakeri, sp. nov., d: 10, head (frontal view); 11, an­tenna; 12, fore wing; 13, genitalia.

Figs. 14-18. Paraphaenodiscus monawari, sp. nov., 0: 14, head (frontal view); 15, antenna; 16, fore wing; 17, part of middle leg; 18, ovipositor.

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