Twin Fluid Nozzle Lances for Gas Conditioning
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Twin Fluid Nozzle Lances for Gas Conditioning
Transcript of Twin Fluid Nozzle Lances for Gas Conditioning
Twin Fluid Nozzle Lancesfor Gas Conditioning
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Efficient Gas Conditioningwith Twin Fluid Nozzle Lancesmade by Lechler
Lechler with more than 120 years of experience in thefield of spraying and atomiza-tion technology is your reliablepartner for gas conditioning.Thanks to modern measuringmethods, highly precise manu-facturing technology and upto-date application knowledgewe are able to solve your gasconditioning problems.It is important in many areas ofgas conditioning to create veryfine droplets and to distributethem evenly in a gas stream.For this reason Lechler hasdeveloped special pneumatical-ly controlled liquid atomizingnozzle lances. They are avail-able in a large variety of confi-gurations.Generally two principles of atomization can be distinguish-ed with pneumatically control-led atomizing nozzles:
Nozzles with internal mixture: Liquid and gas are mixed insidethe nozzle.
Nozzles with external mixture: Liquid and gas are mixed out-side of the nozzle orifice.
Spray dry FGD(for drying of reacted limestoneslurry), such as in municipalwaste incinerator plants.
Spray adsorptionas in flue gas desulphurizationsections of smaller block typecoal fired power stations.
Atomizing of residues intoburning chambers,for instance in waste and specialwaste incinerator plants.
Schematic sketch of a Lechler Twin Fluid Lance
Lechler offers a large variety ofnozzles for both principles ofatomization. This leafletpresents a first overview ofLechler`s designs. Ourspecialists are always at yourdisposal in order to solve yourvery special applicationproblems.
Typical examples for LechlerTwin Fluid Nozzle LancesLechler Twin Fluid NozzleLances have been usedsuccessfully for many years inthe following processes of gastreatment.
Cooling / Humidifying(conditioning) in front of ESPas an example in waste incine-rators, in cement works, in coalfired power stations in front ofESP/baghouse.
DeNox ProcessIn accordance with the SNCR(high temperature DeNox pro-cess) or SCR (low temperatureDeNox process with catalyticconverter) technology e.g. inmunicipal waste incineratorsand power stations.
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Modern measuring technology – your guaranteefor high product quality
For the design of an engineeredsystem or plant it is necessaryto obtain a multitude of nozzlespecific data that permits exactstatements about flow rate,pressure, spray width, dropletsize and droplet velocity. Inorder to measure these para-meters Lechler uses the mostmodern measuring technologywhich was partly developed byLechler. Data from our measu-ring laboratory is available onrequest. A further service offe-red by Lechler is our series ofgas cooling calculations.
Measuring devices
Liquid pressure: electronic pressure sensor
Flow rate (liquid):inductive magnetic flow meter
Flow rate (air):inductive rotameter
Droplet size:phase Doppler particle analyser
Velocity measurement:phase Doppler particle analyser
Important terms for thedroplet size measurement
Sauter mean diameter D32:the Sauter mean diameter cha-racterizes that diameter of adroplet which has the sameratio of volume/surface as thewhole spray sample. So theSauter mean diameter is ameasure for the relation of droplet volume to droplet sur-face and therefore a decisivereference point in processengineering in order to calculateall surface related processes(heat/substance exchange).
Volume diameter Dv90:the volume diameter Dv90means that 90 % of the atomi-zed volume is in droplets thatare smaller or equal to thisvalue, i. e. only 10 % of the ato-mized volume has a larger dro-plet diameter.
Maximum droplet diameterDmax: the maximum droplet diametercharacterizes the biggest drop-let diameter that can be foundin the spray sample. This valueis frequently used to calculateevaporation lenghts.
Example for a flow rate diagram of a Lechler Twin Fluid Nozzle Lance
Example for a droplet frequencydistribution
Example for cumulated volumedistribution
The phase Doppler particle analyser for droplet size measurements Computer aided data capture
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The air/water ratio is defined asfollows:
air/water ratio A/W =
Flow Rate Air (m3 / h atnormal conditions)1
Flow Rate Water (l / min)1 To = 273 K ( O °C )Po = 1 bar
The higher the air/water ratio is,the smaller the droplets will be.Twin Fluid Nozzles of themodel range 150 are availablein all types of steel, chrome-nickel alloys and plastic materi-als (PVC, PVDF, PTFE).
Advantages:
■ Operation with air or steam■ Good emergency running
processes
Twin Fluid Nozzleswith external mixmodel range 150
Twin Fluid Nozzles of themodel range 150 create anespecially even full cone jetwith a spray angle of up to 30°.The gas (air or steam) and theliquid are mixed outside thenozzle body (external mix).
The external mix is especiallyuseful in order to atomize viscous media. Low liquidpressures are typical for thistype of construction.
The droplet size is defined bythe air/water ratio.
Volume V [l/min]Liquid
.
Liquid pressure p [bar]
Bor
e di
amet
er
Nar
row
est
cros
s se
ctio
n
Volume Vn [m3/h] Air
.
Air pressure p [bar]
Productcodes for ordering
Type
Bø
[mm]
Eø
[mm]
0,15 0,20 0,24 0,28 0,35 0,40 1,020 °
-30 °
1,0
2,0 2,0
4,0 2,0
3,5 2,0
6,0 2,0
8,0 2,7
9,0 4,9
9,0 4,9
15,0 4,9
0,39 0,50 0,59 0,71 0,87 1,00
0,97 1,25 1,48 1,77 2,17 2,50
1,55 2,00 2,37 2,83 3,46 4,00
3,10 4,00 4,73 5,66 6,93 8,00
10 15 20 25
31 47 63 80
60 90 120 150
100 150 200 250
3,10 4,00 4,73 5,66 6,93 8,00
6,20 8,00 9,47 11,31 13,86 16,00
12,20 15,75 18,64 22,27 27,28 31,50
24,40 31,50 37,27 44,55 54,56 63,00
0,3 0,5 0,7 1,0 1,5 2,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0
150.005
150.007
150.009
150.010
150.013
150.032
150.050
150.052
150.063
Further designs on request
Functional data of model range 150
■ Liquid pressure: 0,3 - 10,0 bar ü■ Air pressure: 1,0 - 5,0 bar ü■ Regulating range up to max.: 1 : 5■ Trajectory at 4 bar over pressure: 9 m■ Spray angle: 20°- 30°
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Twin Fluid Nozzleswith internal mixmodel range 170/171/180
The Lechler Twin Fluid Nozzlerange 170/171/180 works asper the supersonic principle.Gas and liquid are mixed in themixing chamber inside thenozzle (internal mix) and areunited to an intensive 2-phasemixture. The further forming ofthe nozzle geometry has as aneffect of accelerating this mixture to supersonic speed.This leads to an extremely fineatomization of the droplets witha good regulating characteristic.For Twin Fluid Nozzles withinternal mixture the air/water-ratio plays an important role. The size of the maximum dro-plet can be regulated in a bigrange by variation of theair/water-ratio while the plantis operating.
Air pressure p [bar]
1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0
Product codes forordering(Selection)
Type
170.641
170.721
170.801
170.881
170.961
Eø
[mm]
Eø
[mm]
Air Wat
er
pW
ater
[bar
]
V.W
ater
[l/m
in]
Air
[m3 /
h]V
n. pW
ater
[bar
]
V.W
ater
[l/m
in]
Air
[m3 /
h]V
n. pW
ater
[bar
]
V.W
ater
[l/m
in]
Air
[m3 /
h]V
n. pW
ater
[bar
]
V.W
ater
[l/m
in]
Air
[m3 /
h]V
n.
0,9 0,95 1,0 0,9
0,95 1,0 0,7 0,9 1,0 0,6 0,8 0,9 0,6 0,8
4,2
5,0
5,5
7,6
9,5
3,0
3,7
2,0
2,8
3,2 1,0
0,4 1,0 2,5 0,5 2,0 3,5 1,0 3,0 5,0 1,0 5,0 8,0 1,0 5,012,0
24,0 20,0 14,0 34,0 28,0 22,0 40,0 35,0 32,0 60,0 55,0 50,0 94,0 85,0 72,0
1,8 1,9 2,0
1,8 1,9 2,0 1,5 1,8 2,0 1,5 1,7 1,9 1,4 1,7 1,9
0,6 1,5 3,5 0,7 3,0 5,5 1,0 5,010,0 1,2 7,013,0 1,210,019,0
37,0 33,0 22,0 50,0 40,0 31,0 58,0 52,0 48,0 95,0 90,0 80,0155,0130,0115,0
2,7 2,9 3,1 2,7 2,9 3,1 2,2 2,6 3,0 2,2 2,5 3,0 2,2 2,6 3,0
0,8 3,0 5,0 0,9 4,0 7,5 1,2 7,014,0 1,510,019,0 1,515,026,0
50,0 35,0 26,0 69,0 58,0 42,0 80,0 72,0 63,0130,0118,0105,0210,0179,0152,0
3,6 3,9 4,1 3,6 3,9 4,2 3,2 3,6 4,0 3,1 3,5 4,1 3,0 3,5 4,1
0,9 4,0 7,0 1,0 8,012,0 1,210,020,0 1,815,028,0 1,820,038,0
68,0 44,0 32,0 88,0 66,0 55,0105,0 91,0 83,0171,0154,0143,0275,0220,0198,0
Further designs on request
The large free cross sections inthe nozzle also allow the ato-mization of viscous liquids andup to a certain extent even abra-sive media in maintenance-freeuse.Twin Fluid Nozzles of the modelrange 170/171/180 are avail-able in all types of steel, chrome- nickel alloys, plasticmaterials (PVC, PVDF, PTFE)and ceramic materials.
Advantages:
■ Adjustable droplet size■ Wide range of volume rates■ Large free cross sections■ Wear-resistant ceramic
inserts
Functional data of model range 170/171/180
■ Liquid pressure: 1,0 - 5,0 bar ü■ Air pressure: 1,0 - 5,0 bar ü■ Regulating range up to max.: 1 : 30■ Spray angle: 15° and 60° (see p. 8)
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Twin Fluid Nozzle LancesExamples of configuration
Lechler Twin Fluid NozzleLances of this type can be deli-vered with various spray positi-ons of the nozzles. The com-pact construction allows easymounting. The robust construc-tion made from high qualitystainless steel provides signifi-cant safe operation of the spraylance. Lechler Twin FluidNozzle Lances are delivered asa complete spray unit. All com-ponents are designed to exact-ly match each other. This ensu-res minimum down time wheninstalling and connecting.
Advantages:
■ Compact construction■ Robust design■ Maintenance friendly
construction■ Functional and safe
operation
The Twin Fluid Nozzle Lance,as shown, is a version with abig shield (for instance madefrom Hastelloy C), barrier airand purge air. This constructionis especially suitable for highergas temperatures and aggres-sive gases. Twin Fluid NozzleLances with heat shield pipingcan casily be mounted/de-mounted with the minimum ofeffort. Thanks to the variableinstallation depth the sprayposition is changable and canbe adapted to changing process parameters withoutproblem.
Advantages:
■ Robust design ■ Maintenance friendly design■ Functional and safe oper-
ation for variable installationdepth
Twin Fluid Nozzle Lance
Twin Fluid Nozzle Lance with big shield and barrier air
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Twin Fluid Nozzle LancesExamples of configuration
The nozzle lance illustrated isdesigned with a compactshield. This shield reduces theflow resistance in the gas ductcompared with the lance itself.At high gas velocity in particu-lar, this results in an improvedprocess result. The air barrierprotects the nozzle from clog-ging and protects the interiornozzle lance against corrosionand overheating. The conicaldesign of the front barrier aircap effectively ensures that thenozzle is evenly surrounded byan air barrier. This guaranteesreliable, low-maintenance op-eration. The front barrier air capcan be quickly dismantled inorder to inspect the nozzle.
Advantages:
■ Robust and compact design■ High safety in operation
Materials:
The standard material is stain-less steel 316/1.4571. Highalloy steels, such as chrome-nickel steels (Hastelloy) arealso available for special pro-cesses. Lances made from pla-stic materials, such as PVC,PVDF, PTFE and temperatureresistant FRP have proved tobe highly efficiant for somespecial applications.
Standard delivery scope:
■ Pressure resistant andflexible hoses
■ Shut off valve■ Mounting devices, coupling
devices■ Special accessories up to
complete spraying systemsincluding control units (seepage 11).
Twin Fluid Nozzle Lance with small shield and accessories
Twin Fluid Nozzle Lance with small shield and barrier air (cut away model)
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Example of a Twin Fluid Nozzle Lance with a multiple nozzle head
Twin Fluid Nozzle Lances withmultiple spray heads are usedwhere relatively large coolingwater quantities need to befinely atomized. These nozzlelances allow a large sprayangle of up to 90° and createvery fine and small dropletseven at a high liquid flow rate.Each multiple nozzle head canbe supplied with 3, 4 or 6 nozz-les.
Advantage:
■ Wide spray angle■ High liquid flow rate per
lance■ Small droplet sizes■ Compact and robust con-
struction■ Maintenance friendly design■ Functional and safe design
Materials:
The Standard material is stain-less steel 316/1.4571. Highalloy steels, such as chrome-nickel steels (Hastelloy) arealso available for special pro-cesses. Lances made from pla-stic materials, such as PVC,PVDF, PTFE and temperatureresistant FRP have proved tobe highly efficient for somespecial applications.
Standard delivery scope:
■ Pressure resistant andflexible hoses
■ Shut off valve■ Mounting devices, coupling
devices■ Special accessories up to
complete spraying systemsincluding control units (seepage 11).
Twin Fluid Nozzle Lance with a multiple nozzle head
Nozzle positioning
Spray pattern of a multiple supersonic nozzle with 60° spray angle
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Questionnaire for calculation of yourgas cooling requirements
Dear customer,
to comment on your gas cooling problem, we would require all data known to you and indispensable for compu-ting. The more precise your indications are, the more reliable our calculations can be (given without any processcommitment).Please complete this technical questionnaire.
Please send this questionnaire together with a short description to Fax-No.: ++49 (0) 71 23 - 9 62 301
1. Gas data
■ Gas flow rate under normal conditions*, wet gas min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m3/h i. N.
Composition of gas (HCI, HF, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
■ Cooling limit temperature (dew point) . . . . . . . . . . . . °C relative incoming humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %
■ Inlet temperature of gas min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .°C
■ Outlet temperature of gas min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . °C
■ System pressure (in the reaction area). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bar
2. Conditions on site
■ Are gas cooling tower dimensions fixed? ■■ Yes Ø. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
■■ No Favorite-Ø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
■ Available reaction distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m. ■■ Reaction distance to be determined.
■ Direction of gas ■■ ⇓ ■■ ⇑ ■■ ⇒
■ Dust content in gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mg/m3 i. N.
■ Nozzle type: ■■ Single fluid ■■ Twinfluid ■■ Both types possible
■ Complete evaporation required? ■■ Yes ■■ No
■ Is water injection system always in operation? ■■ Yes ■■ No
In case the operation is interrupted, running time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %
3. Coolant data
■ Coolant water max. over pressure . . . . . . . . . bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Content of solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inlet temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .°C
■ Medium (Twin fluid nozzles)
Air Over pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bar
Steam Over pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bar
Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .°C
* T0 = 273 K (0°C), P0 = 1 bar
Company:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Date: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Address: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Complement:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phone/Fax: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Typical installation of Twin Fluid Nozzle Lances including control unit
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Lechler complete solutions with pump, regulation units and electronic controls
Lechler also supplies complete,pre-assembled pump andregulator stations. The designof these stations is adapted tosuit the function and mode ofoperation of the nozzle lances.The control valve, for example,is designed to match the special operating characteris-tics (required control range) ofthe installation. The choice ofmaterials used for the com-ponents is determined by themedium to be sprayed.
Our range of engineeringservices includes:
■ Gas cooling computations(evaporation distance andwater quantity)
■ Selection of nozzle (type,number and size)
■ Design of pump, control val-ves, etc.
■ Detail designs of air, waterand barrier air pipe lines
■ Designing flow sheets■ Designing drawings for
nozzle lances, pump- andregulation units
■ Documentation
The pump and regulationunits can be equipped withthe following components:
— Filters— Contact pressure gauges— Pressure gauges— Pumps— Control valves
— Flowmeters— Non-return valves— Overflow valvesetc.
The measuring and monitoringinstruments for the unit (flowmeasurements, pressure moni-toring) are established in coo-peration with the customer. Thecorrect choice of instrumentati-on ensures that the requiredoperational reliability and safetyare achieved.The components and inter-connecting pipework aremounted on a stable rack.Pressure- and function-test andpre-commissioning at Lechlerfactory enables us to put thesystem into operation in a mini-
mum of time after shipping thecompact unit on site. In order to offer complete sol-utions, we can also supply thePLC required for temperaturecontrol. The switching cabinetcan be integrated onto the valve rack.
Our complete engineeringpackage includes:
— Designing the controlsystem
— Flow charts— Preparing the program for
the PLC— CAD circuit diagrams— Documentation
Our complete system solutionoffers you a prefabricatedinstallation tailored to yourneeds.Large numbers of completesystems of this type have beenbuilt and installed for a rangeof applications throughout theworld and have proved theirworth in continuous operation.
We would be pleased to sendyou copies of our product- andcountry-specific reference lists.
Advantages:
■ Complete solution from a single source includingprocess guarantees
■ No interfaces■ Systems adapted to suit
operational requirements■ Minimal installation and
commissioning times■ Compact units
Example for pump and regulation unit
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Lechler GmbHPrecision Nozzles · Droplet SeparatorsP.O. Box 13 2372544 Metzingen / GermanyPhone +49 (0 ) 71 23 - 962 - 0Fax +49 (0 ) 71 23 - 962 - 333
E-mail: [email protected]: www.lechler.com
Belgium: Lechler S.A./N.V. · Avenue Mercatorlaan, 6 · 1300 Wavre · Phone: (10) 225022 · Fax: (10) 243901 · [email protected]: Lechler Intl. Trad. Co., Ltd. · Beijing Office · Rm.1812 CTS Plaza · No.2 Bei San Huan Dong Lu · Phone: (86) 1064661986, Fax: (86) 1064660196 · [email protected]: Lechler Oy · Kalliotie 2 · 04360 Tuusula · Phone: (358) 98709844 · Fax: (358) 98709847 · [email protected]: Lechler France, S.A. · Bât. CAP2 B51 · 66-72, Rue Marceau · 93558 Montreuil cedex · Phone: (1) 49882600 · Fax: (1) 49882609 · [email protected] Britain: Lechler Ltd. · 1 Fell Street, Newhall · Sheffield, S9 2TP · Phone: (0114) 2492020 · Fax: (0114) 2493600 · [email protected]: Lechler (India) Pvt. Ltd. · Plot B-2 · Main Road · Wagle Industrial Estate · Thane (W) - 400604 · Phone: (22) 25811196 · Fax: (22) 25821262 · [email protected]: Lechler AB · Box 158 · 68324 Hagfors · Phone: (46) 56325570 · Fax: (46) 56325571 · [email protected]: Lechler S.A. · Avda. Pirineos 7 · Oficina B7, Edificio Inbisa I · 28700 San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid · Phone: (34) 916586346 · Fax: (34) 916586347 · [email protected]: Lechler Inc. · 445 Kautz Road · St. Charles, IL. 60174 · Phone: (630) 377-6611 · Fax: (630) 377-6657 · [email protected]
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