Tutorial Before The Final Examination Types of Examination Questions The reviewing scope of book...

Tutorial Before The Final Examination

Types of Examination QuestionsThe reviewing scope of book one

Types of the final examination

Acceptation of WordsJudgment of statementsReading Comprehension

Acceptation of Words

Identification Multiple choice

Identification

In this Part , three definitions will be given to each word, ie, a), b) and c) , and one out of the three is wrong. The candidates are requested to identify it. Normally, 10 --- 20 words may be given. Sample 1. _____ confide[A] To tell (something) in confidence.[B] To disclose private matters in confidence[C] To lose one’s confidence Sample 2. _____ mutter[A] To sing in low, indistinct tones.[B] To speak indistinctly in low tones.[C] To complain or grumble morosely.

Identification

In this Part , three definitions will be given to each word, ie, a), b) and c) , and one out of the three is wrong. The candidates are requested to identify it. Normally, 10 --- 20 words may be given. Sample 1. C confide[A] To tell (something) in confidence.[B] To disclose private matters in confidence[C] To lose one’s confidence Sample 2. A mutter[A] To sing in low, indistinct tones.[B] To speak indistinctly in low tones.[C] To complain or grumble morosely.

Multiple choice

In this part, the candidates will be given some sentences in which one word is missing and the candidates are requested to make a choice among the four: A), B), C) and D) to fill be blank.Sample: happenIf anything happens _____ the machine, please ask mechanic to repair it at once.[A] about [B] for [C] on [D] to

Multiple choice

In this part, the candidates will be given some sentences in which one word is missing and the candidates are requested to make a choice among the four: A), B), C) and D) to fill be blank.

Sample: If anything happens D the machine, please ask mechanic to repair it at once.[A] about [B] for [C] on [D] to“happen” （偶然）发生，此处“ to” 为介词，表示“对于”： happen to sb. 发生在某人身上。

Judgment of statements

In this part, the candidates are asked to decide whether each of the given statement is true or false according to the texts learnt in book one.

Sample: 1._____ On this journey on The Flying Blue Bird , the narrator had a bad experience because there were too many people on the train.Sample: 2._____ The narrator didn’t like the man sitting next to him because they got angry about the window.


In this part, the candidates are asked to decide whether each of the given statement is true or false according to the texts learnt in book one.

Sample: 1. T On this journey on The Flying Blue Bird , the narrator had a bad experience because there were too many people on the train.Sample: 2. F The narrator didn’t like the man sitting next to him because they got angry about the window.

Acceptation of Words Identification We at last reached ___ the destination before it got dark. A. to B. / C. at D. on This new auditorium was full ____ audience. A. of B. with C. about D. to They are going to be ____ on Christmas Day this year. A. marry B. marrying C. married D. to marry Terry ____ her fight for music when she was merely a young girl. A. disclosed B. discovered C. revealed D. invented The girl’s face turned red in shyness when the boy presented her

____ a red rose. A. with B. to C. for D. up

Acceptation of Words Part I. Multiple Choice We at last reached ___ the destination before it got dark. A. to B. / C. at D. on This new auditorium was full ____ audience. A. of B. with C. about D. to They are going to be ____ on Christmas Day this year. A. marry B. marrying C. married D. to marry Terry ____ her fight for music when she was merely a young girl. A. disclosed B. discovered C. revealed D. invented The girl’s face turned red in shyness when the boy presented her

____ a red rose. A. with B. to C. for D. up

Multiple Choice

The ____ outside built up until I could not stand it any longer. A. voice B. noise C. sound D. echo The wind ____ the fallen leaves from the ground. A. rose B. raised C. aroused D. arose Do you ____ that greed and dishonesty are characteristic of all

businessmen? A. believe of B. believe C. Believe in D. believe to The surgeon decided that only a successful operation could bring the

patient ____. A. up B. about C. out D. through At the press conference held after the game, the volleyball coach

apologized ____ the funs ____ his team’s poor performance A. to …. For B. for …. To C. to …. With D. with …. for

Multiple Choice

The ____ outside built up until I could not stand it any longer. A. voice B. noise C. sound D. echo The wind ____ the fallen leaves from the ground. A. rose B. raised C. aroused D. arose Do you ____ that greed and dishonesty are characteristic of all businessmen? A. believe of B. believe C. Believe in D. believe to The surgeon decided that only a successful operation could bring the patient

____. A. up B. about C. out D. through At the press conference held after the game, the volleyball coach apologized

____ the funs ____ his team’s poor performance A. to …. For B. for …. To C. to …. With D. with …. for

Multiple Choice

She will be angry if you ____ her while she is sleeping.

A. distribute B. distress C. disturb D. district He carried ____ the plan in every detail.

A. off B. out C. over D. away He is really a reliable you man. You can leave this important

document ____ him.

A. off B. out C. with D. behind The naughty boy takes a great ____ in pulling the dog’s tails.

A. joy B. rapture C. light D. delight The young man captured the murderer single --- handed. And for

that brave ____ he was given a medal by the local government.

A. act B. action C. activity D. active

Multiple Choice

He is busy ____ detective stories day and night.

A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote He enjoys ____ classical music in his spare time.

A. listen to B. to listen to C. listening to D. to listening to The car is racing on the highway ____ a speed of sixty kilometres

per hour.

A. with B. on C. by D. at The splendid hall ____ with people , and all of them had a smile on

their face.

A. filled B. was full C. was packed D. contained My uncle is my nearest living ____.

A. relationship B. relations C. relative D. relating

Multiple Choice

As there was a power cut in the hospital, the surgeon had to ____ the operation.

A. call for B. call on C. call up D. call off The company manager will have ____ with the reporter and gave

a detailed explanation to the press. A. an interview B. an agreement C. an argument D. a bargain You can’t blame your son ____ being so hostile towards you since

you scolded him in such a severe way. A. on B. for C. with D. up Did the young man admit to ____ those commodities without

paying for them? A. take B. be taken C. taking D. have taken We must arrive there ____ before midnight. A. at all costs B. at the cost c. at half cost D. to our cost

Multiple Choice

When she was in trouble, she discovered the ____ her friends.

A. worthy B. worth C. worthwhile D. worthless The curtain and the paint of the wall don’t quite ____. You’d

better choose another one.

A. watch B. match C. equal D. suit They were filled with ____ when they saw the spaceship.

A. admiration B. gaze C. wonder D. wander The police are ____ a big reward for any information about the

murder.

A. dealing B. gaining c. offering D. offending Parades can be held ____ ratification of the government.

A. object to B. subject to C. tend to D. ready to

Multiple Choice

I have a great ____ and admiration for my former English teacher.

A. passion B. dislike C. contempt D. respect Pig iron may ____ 4% of carbon.

A. contain B. comprise C. embrace D. cover John always tries to ____ people who are useful to him.

A. cultivate B. hate C. damage D. view His face ____ an expression of naked anxiety.

A. broke up B. broke with C. broke into D. broke away I am ____ at the moment, but I will be able to pay you next month

A. to embarrass B. embarrassed C. embarrasses D. embarrassing

Multiple Choice

She had ____ great pain for a number of years.

A. tolerated B. endured C. born D. borne The rebellion will soon ____ out in that country.

A. Crush B. be crushing C. crushed D. be crushed Torrential rain has inflicted more damage in the earth quake zone

where millions are still camping out ____ fresh tremors.

A. in fear of B. of fear in c. for tear that D. with fear on He does not mention ____ his parents in his letter.

A. about B. of C. / D. with He was ____ much changed ____ I could hardly recognize him.

A. so … that B. too … to C. such … as D. such … that

Multiple Choice

The headmaster said the children are vigorous and have good ____.

A. perspective B. prospects C. probability D. prosperity I suggest that we ____ a new experiment.

A. make B. made C. makes D. making We ____ our journey after a short rest and didn’t stop until 8

o’clock.

A. interrupted B. cancelled C. halted D. resumed Everyone in the class ____ to bring a mask to the English Evening

tonight.

A. is supposed B. is thought C. is found D. is guessed The old lady ____ his greeting with a friendly smile.

A. gave B. returned C. sent D. raplied

Multiple Choice

When we met in the street, we pretended ____ each other.

A. not to know B. knowing not C. to not know D. not knowing We tried ____ to persuade him to stay home, but at last, he went

to the construction site in spite of his bad illness.

A. in fact B. in vain C. in theory D. in vanity The manager ____ one of the hotel servants of stealing the money.

A. denounced B. complained C. accused D. charged Mr. Smith and his wife ____ the housework and live happily.

A. share in B. share with C. share out D. do their share for Slowly and deliberately, he ____ her letter to pieces.

A. broke B. tore c. teared D. destroyed

Multiple Choice

We can visit you on Saturday or Sunday, our plans are fairly ____.

A. rigid B. flexible C. soft D. still This monument ____ in honor of the Queen.

A. was erecting B. being erected C. was erected D. erects There’s little chance that mankind would ____ a nuclear war.

A. retain B. endure C. survive D. maintain Mond is so ____ that he hates his wife to go anywhere without

him.

A. respectful B. jealous C. admirable D. sad They ____ at me when I told them about the gold I had found.

A. grasped B. gazed C. stared D. glared

Multiple Choice

The international situation is very ____ at present.

A. perfect B. delicate C. slim D. slight The elderly man didn’t want to retire and lead a / an ____ life.

A. blank B. bare C. empty D. vacant As a teacher, you should be patient ____ the pupils.

A. with B. to C. for D. on The tired mother ____ her baby crying until it was exhausted.

A. kept B. made C. caused D. left I don’t mind ____ . So it is not necessary to make it clear.

A. misunderstanding B. being misunderstood C. to misunderstand D. to be misunderstood

Multiple Choice

So far scientists still cannot ____ satisfactorily why the dinosaur （恐龙） has been extinct.

A. illustrate B. define C. explain D. account The chairman’s speech was constantly ____ by applause.

A. disturbed B. bothered C. interrupted D. ended I have to prepare food for seven people, my husband and I ____.

A. includes B. including C. included D. to be included We took seats ____ to the directors.

A. opponent B. oppressive C. opposite D. objective His new way of teaching produced a good ____.

A. affect B. efficiency c. effort D. effect

Multiple Choice

The man to whom we handed the forms pointed out that they had not been ____ filled in.

A. consequently B. regularly C. comprehensively D. properly Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe ____ by the

judge.

A. service B. sentence C. crisis D. crime He ____ several letters into his pocket.

A. staffed B. stuffed C. stiffened D. stuck The tune was ____ as the one from the musical.

A. recognized B. realized C. recommended D. distinguished How can you ____ to spend so much money for a bicycle?

A. offer B. affirm C. afford D. affect

Multiple Choice

We should ____ for every possible delay.

A. admit B. adore C. agree D. allow She owes her good health ____ her regular life.

A. in B. for C. to D. with She has ____ two new books at the same time.

A. brought about B. brought forward C. brought out D. brought up

He proposed that we ____ at six.

A. started B. starting C. will start D. start I can’t ____ why she said so.

A. figure over B. figure in C. figure on D. figure out


________1. The narrator was quite be afraid of being taken away to the next station because it was very cold there. (Never Late I)

________2. The narrator warns the reader Miss Muffett would be burgled in the hotel. (Your Breakfast Is Served, Madam)

________3. Thomas Carrington lived in the country and worked in London. (The Winter’s Snow)

________4. The selection from Waton’s diary begins in the spring and ends when people prepare to sow seeds. (From Mr. Walton’s Diary)

________5. Nobby sometimes checked the mail carefully and at other times he did not do so. (The Missing Five Pound Note)

________6. It is most important in traveling to make sure that you have a relaxed and easy time.(Travelling Light)

________7. Mrs. Frobisher was poor and old, but very healthy.(A Useful Stick)

________8. Most of the important U.N. organizations are in the United States.(The United Nations: The World in One Building)

Judgment of statements F 1. The narrator was quite be afraid of being taken away to the next

station because it was very cold there. (Never Late I)

F 2. The narrator warns the reader Miss Muffett would be burgled in the hotel. (Your Breakfast Is Served, Madam)

T 3. Thomas Carrington lived in the country and worked in London. (The Winter’s Snow)

F 4. The selection from Waton’s diary begins in the spring and ends when people prepare to sow seeds. (From Mr. Walton’s Diary)

F 5. Nobby sometimes checked the mail carefully and at other times he did not do so. (The Missing Five Pound Note)

T 6. It is most important in traveling to make sure that you have a relaxed and easy time.(Travelling Light)

F 7. Mrs. Frobisher was poor and old, but very healthy.(A Useful Stick)

F 8. Most of the important U.N. organizations are in the United States.(The United Nations: The World in One Building)

________ 9. The purpose of this article is to introduce early developments in the U. N.(The United Nations: The World in One Building) ________10. The animals and birds the Lord God made were not good companions of Adam. (The Garden of Eden) ________11. Adam and Eve were no longer allowed to eat the fruit of the tree of life because they had been tricked by the snake . (The Garden of Eden) ________12. Cows had to be driven along to market to save the cost in carrying them by lorries or railways. (Cowboys) ________13. The greatest advantage of using the railways to move cattle is that the cattle are worth more money when they arrive fresh and fat. (Cowboys) ________14. Cowboys used to live on the huge grassland because they were born and brought up there. (Cowboys) ________15. The author doubts that men can find answers to the mystery of UFOs in the near future. (Flying Objects) ________16. The author of the text was also the person who wrote the book Mysterious Worlds.(Flying Objects)

F 9. The purpose of this article is to introduce early developments in the U. N.(The United Nations: The World in One Building) T 10. The animals and birds the Lord God made were not good companions of Adam. (The Garden of Eden) T 11. Adam and Eve were no longer allowed to eat the fruit of the tree of life because they had been tricked by the snake . (The Garden of Eden) F 12. Cows had to be driven along to market to save the cost in carrying them by lorries or railways. (Cowboys) T 13. The greatest advantage of using the railways to move cattle is that the cattle are worth more money when they arrive fresh and fat. (Cowboys) F 14. Cowboys used to live on the huge grassland because they were born and brought up there. (Cowboys) T 15. The author doubts that men can find answers to the mystery of in the near future. (Flying Objects) F 16. The author of the text was also the person who wrote the book Mysterious Worlds.(Flying Objects)

________17. The girl changed her mind and broke the date with Father because Father was only a poor student. (The Date Father Didn’t Keep)

________18. The American way of writing the date is different from the European way.(The Date Father Didn’t Keep) ________19. The family at number 17 got four tickets before going to the dance. (A Surprise for Mr. Koffer) ________20. The main idea of the story is that efforts to help others often lead to great rewards. (A Surprise for Mr. Koffer) ________21. Surely all the passengers in the narrator’s ship two miles away could hear the sound. (Never Late II) ________22. Miss Muffett felt confused because she didn’t know the man who burst into her room. (Your Breakfast Is Served, Madam) ________23. Thomas Carrington’s plan was to have Fred prepare a pair of shoes for him when it snowed heavily. (The Winter’s Snow) ________24. According to Mr. Walton’s diary, we can guess that Mr. Walton is a man who enjoys the simple pleasures in life. (From Mr. Walton’s Diary)

F 17. The girl changed her mind and broke the date with Father because Father was only a poor student. (The Date Father Didn’t Keep)

T 18. The American way of writing the date is different from the European way.(The Date Father Didn’t Keep) F 19. The family at number 17 got four tickets before going to dance. (A Surprise for Mr. Koffer) T 20. The main idea of the story is that efforts to help others often lead to great rewards. (A Surprise for Mr. Koffer) F 21. Surely all the passengers in the narrator’s ship two miles away could hear the sound. (Never Late II) T 22. Miss Muffett felt confused because she didn’t know the man who burst into her room. (Your Breakfast Is Served, Madam) F 23. Thomas Carrington’s plan was to have Fred prepare a pair of shoes for him when it snowed heavily. (The Winter’s Snow) T 24. According to Mr. Walton’s diary, we can guess that Mr. Walton is a man who enjoys the simple pleasures in life. (From Mr. Walton’s Diary)

________25. Obviously, Jim Dixon was faithful to his boss and friendly to Nobby Stile. (The Missing Five Pound Note) ________26. “Layering up” means wearing one’s clothes one upon another.(Travelling Light) ________27. The doctor advised that Mrs. Frobisher go to Hyde Park or Green Park. (A Useful Stick) ________28. People are not always satisfied with the work of the U. N. (The United Nations: The World in One Building) ________29. The U. N. is described in this article as an organization that never lets the small countries speak. (The United Nations: The World in One Building) ________30. The Lord God sent Adam out of the Garden of Eden and made him cultivate the soil from which he had been found. (The Garden of Eden) ________31. According to the Bible, Adam was the father of mankind. (The Garden of Eden) ________32. The main task of cowboys on the trail was take care of the cattle. (Cowboys)

F 25. Obviously, Jim Dixon was faithful to his boss and friendly to Nobby Stile. (The Missing Five Pound Note) T 26. “Layering up” means wearing one’s clothes one upon another.(Travelling Light) T 27. The doctor advised that Mrs. Frobisher go to Hyde Park or Green Park. (A Useful Stick) T 28. People are not always satisfied with the work of the U. N. (The United Nations: The World in One Building) F 29. The U. N. is described in this article as an organization that never lets the small countries speak. (The United Nations: The World in One Building) T 30. The Lord God sent Adam out of the Garden of Eden and made him cultivate the soil from which he had been found. (The Garden of Eden) T 31. According to the Bible, Adam was the father of mankind. (The Garden of Eden) T 32. The main task of cowboys on the trail was take care of the cattle. (Cowboys)

________33. The greatest advantage of using the railways to move cattle is that the cattle are worth more money when they arrive fresh and fat. (Cowboys) ________34. Cowboys used to live on the huge grassland because they were born and brought up there. (Cowboys) ________35. According to the author many of the UFO reports are believable. (Flying Objects) ________36. According to Captain Howard UFO was bright smoke with its color changing quickly. (Flying Objects) ________37. Father and son went to Denmark on a business-and-pleasure trip. (The Date Father Didn’t Keep) ________38. The woman was very pleased to see her former lover but not his son. (The Date Father Didn’t Keep) ________39. Peter was warm-hearted and asked his parents to sell dance tickets in the neighborhood to help the homeless children in Switzerland. (A Surprise for Mr. Koffer) ________40. Mr Baker didn’t like to go to number 28 because he thought it funny to sell dance tickets to a man with one arm. (A Surprise for Mr. Koffer)

T 33. The greatest advantage of using the railways to move cattle is that the cattle are worth more money when they arrive fresh and fat. (Cowboys) F 34. Cowboys used to live on the huge grassland because they were born and brought up there. (Cowboys) T 35. According to the author many of the UFO reports are believable. (Flying Objects) F 36. According to Captain Howard UFO was bright smoke with its color changing quickly. (Flying Objects) T 37. Father and son went to Denmark on a business-and-pleasure trip. (The Date Father Didn’t Keep) F 38. The woman was very pleased to see her former lover but not his son. (The Date Father Didn’t Keep) T 39. Peter was warm-hearted and asked his parents to sell dance tickets in the neighborhood to help the homeless children in Switzerland. (A Surprise for Mr. Koffer) F 40. Mr Baker didn’t like to go to number 28 because he thought it funny to sell dance tickets to a man with one arm. (A Surprise for Mr. Koffer)

41. By refusing to escape from prison, Socrates meant to match his deeds with his words. (Socrates) 42 The well-dressed gentleman helped the young lady to pass the time by talking with her about traveling. (A Good Night’s Sleep) 43. Those seven gifts helped the people of the Ice Age to survive the dangers. (The Seven Gifts) 44. Fred Ames and I are quite different in interests and personality. (The Record) 45. James Dunne left one of his gloves in Strong’s room. (The Glove) 46. This article is meant to provide job opportunities. (Working for the Future) 47. Hummer didn’t like to be interviewed. (A Difficult Interview) 48. Bob and Jessica were on a business-and-pleasure trip to the United States. (Two Letters from London) 49. Cleopatra concealed herself in a carpet and was brought before Caesar so that she could win Caesar’s love. (Queen Cleopatra) 50. It is most important for flight attendants to enjoy taking care of and serving people. (En Route)

51. “Chance” refers to the light brown clothes with squares on the cloth. (Chance) 52. Monkeys cannot be taught to use some human language, and that is not their usual language. (Animal Language) 53. We call Cambridge a university town because over 10000 students are studying there. (Cambridge --- A University Town) 54. The sentence “Here it comes, there it goes” refers to the swinging of the pendulum of the clock. (Here It Comes, There It Goes) 55. Candice was allowed to speak before Congress so as to draw the government’s attention to environmental problems. (Trees Make Cents) 56. Before you open an account, you have to decide how your money can start working for you. (Personal Banking)57. Banks can help you pay your phone, gasoline or other bills. (Personal Banking)58. In order to make the best use of bank deposits one has to put one’s money in separate banks. (Personal Banking)59. According to the author trees are important to people in that they are earth’s natural air conditioners and pollution filters. (Trees Make Cents)60. Michaelson told his story many times because he had gone mad. (Here It Comes, There It Goes)

61. The two men encouraged Michaelson to have a bet with them when they were about to leave. (Here It Comes, There It Goes)62. The main problem facing the early Cambridge students was how to find a cheap living place. (Cambridge --- A University Town)63. The imaginary case of John Smith shows social activity is the main part of a student’s school life. (Cambridge --- A University Town)64. The author means to tell us that language is not just a simple system to communicate information. (Animal Language)65. The author means to tell us that it is a complicated matter to decide whether animals have language. (Animal Language) 66. The man lying on the road was actually a rough piece of the road. ( Chance)67. Good flight attendants are very important to an airline company because they can guarantee the safety of the passengers. (En Route)68. Caesar invited Cleopatra to Rome because he wanted to form an alliance with Egypt. (Queen Cleopatra) 69. Judging from his letter, Bob is the kind of person who thinks of making money most of the time. (Two Letters from London)70. The whole interview was awkward because the journalist was inexperienced. (A Difficult Interview)

71. When a person meets and talks with people for advice or information, he must be serious and well-prepared. (Working for the Future)72. The detective, when they caught Dunne in Strong’s house, thought he didn’t get away in time. (The Glove)73. When they sat together, listening to the record, Fred was thinking of the little black statue of monkey on the shelf. (The Record)74. In Ice Age was very difficult to live in because people had no way to communicate with one another. (Seven Gifts)75. The photographer pretended to have a strange illness in order to have a single room. (A Good Night’s Sleep)76. In his last moment Socrates showed great courage by teaching and talking with his students as usual. (Socrates)77. The main idea of the story is if one changes one’s family name, one may lose a son. (A surprise for Mr. Koffer)78. Father and son went to Denmark to visit their old friends. (The Date Father did not Keep)79. The main task of cowboys on the trail was to fight against Indians. (Cowboys)80. Some people feel the U.N. is too weak because it cannot act without the agreement of all the five big powers. (The United Nations: The World in One Building)

Reading Comprehension

In this part, the candidates will be given several passages for reading. Following each passage , there will be some multiple choice questions. The candidates are expected to find the best one among the four marked by A, B, C and D.Go to the next page and you can get a sample.

About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way; women are luckier only about one in two hundred is affected in this manner. There are different forms of color blindness. A man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green—a strange world indeed. In certain occupations color blindness can be dangerous and candidates are tested most carefully. For example, when fighting at night, soldiers use lights of flares to signal to each other. A green light may mean “Advance” and a red light may mean “Danger! Keep back!”, You can see what will happen if somebody thinks that red is green! Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions of very small things called “cones”, These help to see in a bright light and to tell the difference between colors. There are also millions of “rods” but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shape but not color. Wait until it is dark tonight, then go outside. Look round you and try to see what colors you can recognize.

1. Among people who suffer from color blindness, .

［ A ］ some may see everything in shades of green ［ B ］ few can tell the difference between blue and green ［ C ］ few may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green ［ D ］ very few may think that everything in the world is in green

2. When millions of rods in our eyes are at work in darkness we can see. ［ A ］ colors only ［ B ］ shapes and colors ［ C ］ shapes only ［ D ］ darkness only

In ancient( 古代 ) time the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome , testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches. In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the work of testing candidates （候选人） for a master's or doctor's degree. Generally, however, modern examinations are written. Two types of tests are commonly used in modern schools. The first types sometimes called an objective ( 客观性 ) test, it is intended to deal with facts., not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have mot learned the material properly. The student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and copy its letter or number on his examination paper. For testing a student's memory of facts and details, the objective test has advantages. It can find out a great deal about the student's range of knowledge. For testing some kinds of learning, however, such a test is not very satisfactory. A lucky student may guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.

What is world English? World English is a course in the English language. It is intended for students whose native language is not English. It is a basic programme consisting of six stages. Each stage includes a Student Book, a Teacher's Book, a Workbook, and cassette recordings. World English is further supported by separate books of readings, by tests, and by visual （可视的） aids. Who is world English for? World English may be entered at any one of three different levels. The First Level, Books One and Two, is intended for students with little or no education In English. Books Three and Four make up the Second Level; they are suitable for students who have some knowledge of English. The Third Level, Books Five and Six, is intended for students who are concerned with improvement in the language. What does world English teach? World English teaches four basic skills of language: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. At all levels, each skill is presented systematically. In the First Level, listening and speaking receive more attention. In the latter books, reading and writing become more important. However, reading and writing activities are presented even in Unit One of book One; and listening and speaking exercises occur through Unit One of Book One; and listening and speaking exercises occur though Unite Ten of Book Six.

One answer to the question of land shortage was suggested by an organization some years ago. A city was to be built at sea, housing 30,000 people. The suggestion was to shape the city like a harbor( 港口 ) 。 The outer wall of the harbor would stand on steel columns resting on the sea---bed. Naturally this could only be where the water was fairly shallow. The people would like to live in flats in the fifty----metre high outer wall. The flats would be all face inwards, and would be made of concrete( 混泥土 ) and glass. The glass would be specially made and colored to control the heat and strong light from the sun. The planners called this man --- made harbor would be calm. On it would be floating islands carrying more building: a hospital, two theaters, museum, an art exhibition hall and a church. On one of the islands would be a special factory to take the salt out of sea water and turn it into fresh water. People living in the city could move around on small boats driven by electricity, so there would be no air pollution from the burning of gas. There would be platforms outside the man wall for ships bringing supplies. People could also travel to the mainland by motorboat or water plane.

Taxes （税） are a big part in the United States. Most Americans pay city taxes, state taxes, social security （安全） taxes, sales taxes ,and ﹒﹒﹒the list seems endless. The biggest tax for most Americans is that on the money they earn --- the income tax. The personal income tax is called a "progressive tax" because it takes more from those who earn more. For example, a person who earns about 3,500 dollars a tear will pay a tax of only about 3.5 % of earning, but of the same person earned 85, 000 dollars a year, he would pay an income tax of 35%. Over the years the income tax has become more and mote difficult for people to understand. Almost one half of all Americans now have to pay experts to prepare their tax reports in fact, preparing taxes and giving tax advice have become a big industry in America.

More than 6000 children were expelled( 开除 ) from US school last year for bringing guns and bombs to school, the US Department of Education said on May 8. The department gave a report to the expulsions( 开除 ) as saying handguns accounted for 58 percent of the 6093 expulsions in 1996---97, against 7 percent for rifles( 步枪 ) or shotguns and 35 percent for other types of firearms. "The report is a clear sign that out nation's public schools are cracking down( 严惩 ) on students who bring guns to school," Education Secretary Richard Riley said in a statement." We need to be tough-minded about keeping guns out of our schools and do everything to keep our children safe." In March1997, an 11 years old boy and 13 years old boy using handguns and rifles shot dead four children and a teacher at a school in Jonesboro, Arkansas. In October, two were killed and seven wounded in a shooting at a Mississippi school. Two months later, a 14 years old boy killed three high school students and wounded five in Dasucah, Kentucky. Most of the expulsions, 56 percent, were from high school, which have students from about age 13. 34 percent were from junior high schools and 9percent were from elementary schools, the report said.

What are some of the steps a person can take to prevent his house from being broken into while he is away? One step is to make sure that the house seems a lived-in one. Living room curtains should be pulled down only half-way. Bedrooms that usually have the curtains pulled down at night should be left down . Another is to make sure that all outside locks are the dead-bolt type ( 双保险 ) . Still another is to leave several 100W lights burning and make sure that one is in the kitchen. Lights that turned on and off by themselves are the best. Then, too, it is a good idea to leave the radio turned on and set to a talking station. Any type of speaking makes a thief think twice before trying to enter. Finally, while away on holiday, make sure that nothing collects in front or in the house. Particularly, make certain that the newspaper is stopped and that a trusted neighbour has been asked to pick up the mail. Thieves are especially quick to notice piled-up newspapers and overpiled mail boxes.

Mr Richards has worked in a small seaside town for about ten years and he and his wife have a comfortable house near the sea. During the winter they would be quite happy, but every summer a lot of their relatives used to spend holiday in their house , and it was much cheaper than staying in hotel . Finally one day in June Mr Richards complained to a clever friend of his who lived in the same place. "One of my wife's cousins is going to bring her husband and children and spend ten days with us next month again. How have you prevented all your relatives from coming to live with you in summer ?" "Oh,"the friend answered, "that is not difficult. I just borrow money from all the rich ones, and lend it to all the poor ones. After that, they seldom come again." Hearing this Mr Richards smiled.

I wonder why American towns looks so much alike that I sometimes mix them up in my memory. The standard influence( 影响 )of mass production whose agents( 代理商 )are the travelling salesman, the mail-order house, the five-and-ten cent stores, the chain stores, the movies can hardly explain it. If you stay two days in Bologna and in Ferrare, or in Arles and in Avignon, you will never mix them up in all your life. But it may well happen that after you spend two days in St.Louis and in Kansas City the appearances of these two cities soon mix up. I think the reason for this is that these towns have not yet had time enough to develop their own characters. Similarly, children are much less different from each other than grown people.

Millions of stars are travelling about in space. A few form groups which journey together, but most of them travel alone. And they travel through a universe so large that one star seldom comes near to another. For the most part each star makes its journey in complete loneliness, like a ship on an empty ocean. The ship will be well over a million miles from its nearest neighbor. From this it is easy to understand why a star seldom finds another anywhere neat it. We believe, however, that some two thousand million years ago, another star wandering( 漫游 ) through space, happened to come near our sun, Just as the sun and the moon raise tides( 潮汐 )on the earth, so this star must have raised tides on the surface of the sun .But they were very different from the small tides that are raised in our oceans; a large tidal wave must have travelled over the surface of the sun, at last forming a mountain so high that we cannot imagine it. As the cause of the disturbance( 动荡 ) came nearer, so the mountain rose higher and higher. And before the star began to move away again, its tidal pull had become so powerful that this mountain was torn to pieces and threw off small parts of itself into space. These small pieces have been going round the sun ever since. They are the planets( 行星 ).

Contacts( 交往 ) between Japan and the rest of the world have grown a great deal in the twentieth century. In the last thirty years, business contacts between Japan and the West have become very important. Many foreign companies now have offices in Japan and Japanese businessmen do business around the world. Differences between Japanese and Western ways of doing business, however, often bewilder the foreign businessman and make doing business in Japan difficult for foreigners. The American businessman, for example , wants of start talking business immediately . He wants quick decisions. He does not wait. The Japanese, on the other hand , likes to arrive at decisions gradually after giving them a great deal of thought. Another thing foreign businessmen have difficulty in understanding is when a Japanese means "Yes" or "No". This is because of cultural difference for a Japanese to say "No" directly. In English, it is easy to say "No" to something we do not want to do. But in Japan it is very difficult to say "No". To refuse an invitation or a request with "No", or a similar phrase, is felt to be impolite. It is thought to be selfish( 自私 ) and unfriendly. So instead of saying "No" directly, the Japanese have developed many ways to avoid saying "No". These enable them to avoid hurting other people's feeling. However, this often makes communication with the Japanese difficult for foreigners to understand and follow.

There are stock markets （股票市场） in large cities in many countries. Stock markets in Paris, London, Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known. The stock, also called stock exchange, is a place where people can buy or sell shares of a factory or company. And each share means certain ownership of a factory or company. Different people go to stock markets. Some are rich, who want to get more money than they have. Others are not very rich, who buy stocks to try to become rich. Still others buy stocks as part of their plan to save money. Of course, investing （投资） money in the stock market is not the safest way to make money. No one can tell exactly whether the shares will be doing well. The factory or company may do badly. Then the stocks will go down, and the investors will lose money. The stock may go up or down for a number of untold reasons. Everyone wants the stock to go up, but sometimes even if a factory or company does a good job, the stock may still go down. No wonder going to the stock market is often compared to gambling （赌博） .All are eager to make money by " gambling " in the stock market. Factories and companies that need money are pleased that so many people are willing to "gamble". Indeed, the stock market is an attractive and complex part of the business world.

　 "As I stood in front of the grave( 墓 )of President Richard Nixon, I was thinking about the time 25 years ago when this president helped bring the United States and China closer together. Young people of our two countries should help this relationship grow." This remark was made by a Shanghai student when speaking to his fellow students at the Nixon Library in California, U.S.A. He was one of 80 middle school students from China attending a month-long "Youth Summit". The Summit was to mark the 25th anniversary （周年） of President Nixon's journey to China, which was the turning point in China-U.S. relations. The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. Seventy-five American students were selected to visit China. They also visited the Nixon Library on July 21 before leaving for Beijing the next day. The head of the Library said he was pleased to see the American and Chinese students talking and laughing together. One Chinese student said, "I didn't find it particularly difficult to talk with Americans. We have our differences, but we have a lot in common. Dialogue is good for us."

June came and the hay was almost ready for cutting. On Midsummer's Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr. Jones went into willington and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back till midday on Sunday, the men had milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without bothering( 麻烦 ) to feed the animals. When Mr. Jones got back, he immediately went to sleep on the living-room sofa with the "News of the world" over his face, so that when evening came, the animals were still not fed. At last, they could stand no longer One of the cows broke into the door of the store-house with her horns( 角 ) and all the animals began to help themselves to the grains, It was Just than that Mr. Jones woke up. The next moment he and his four men were in the store-house with whips in their hands, whipping in all directions. This was more than the hungry animals would bear. Together, though nothing of the kind had been planned beforehand, they jumped upon their masters. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves being struck with their horns and kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out of their control. They had never seen animals act like this before, and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to beating and whipping just as they chose, frightened them After only a moment or two they gave up trying to defend themselves A minute later all five of them were in full fright down the road, with the animals running after them joyfully

Kristy,28,a cook in La Gross, often wondered what she'd do in a life-threatening situation. On August 29,1997,she got her answer. While she was driving on a road a big truck hit its head on a pickup car. The pickup burst into flames. Hristy rushed out and ran to the pickup. Two farmers, Dean Bernhard, 51, and his brother Donald,44,were inside. When she got close, Kristy could see the unconscious driver. The other man was under the passenger seat. Says Kristy: "The smells were sickening. I was afraid the truck would blow up and kill us all." The driver of the big truck was struggling to open the passenger door. so Kristy rushed to the driver's side. Finally they opened the door. She reached in, seized the driver and, to her horror, felt her hands sink into his chest. She quickly dragged the man to safety on the roadside, then hurried back. As Kristy stared down the ditch( 水沟 )with the passenger, the pickup blew up. She jumped on top of him and they both rolled to safety. When the police arrived a while later, Kristy started crying, "I want my mum." In fact she cried for the net three months. Today, the two farmers, each the father of two children, are good friends with Kristry. To show their deep appreciation, they bought her a ring with nine diamonds-one for each member of their immediate families, and the ninth for her.

Stage plays, at first, seem a lot like films. Both use actors and dialogue and scenery. But if you try to make a film by setting up a camera in front of the stage, you will find it won’t work. A film made in this way will leave the audience cold. And even worse you’ll b3e wasting a powerful tool --- the camera. A stage is actually a box. One side of the box has been removed so the audience can see what’s going on inside. The actors remain at a fixed audience. In the film, however, the camera can bring the audience up close and fix their attention on small but important things: a frightened look, a whisper, a trembling of hands. The camera offers the film maker freedom allowing him to move easily across barriers( 界限 ) of time and space. He can show his action in real cities and on real farms. He can also use the camera to change the scene dozens of times in one film. No expert of the stage can do this.

If an American is satisfied with you, he will put his thumb and forefinger into a circle. That means OK. But in Brazil, the very sign is considered to be rude. In Poland, a guest usually presents flowers to his hostess. The number must be an odd( 奇数 ) one. Besides, the hostess isn’t expected to remove the cover of the bunch of flowers. And usually, red rose is a sign of love. Usually we nod to express our agreement and shake our heads to show disapproval. To our heads to show disapproval. To our surprise these body movements mean the opposite in Bulgaria.( 保加利亚 ) 　　 The differences in customs and cultures in the world are really noticeable. We should learn more about them to avoid them to avoid embarrassment( 窘迫 ). Then, would you please remember: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

The English author (writer), Richard Savage, was once living in London in great poverty. In order to earn (make) a little money he had written the story of his life, but not many copies of the book had been sold in the shop, and Savage was living from hand to mouth. As a result of his lack of food he became very ill, but after a time, because of the skill of the doctor who had looked after him, he got well again. After a week or two the doctor sent a bill to Savage for his visits, but poor savage hadn’t any money and couldn’t pay it. The doctor waited for another month and sent the bill again. But still no money came. After several weeks be sent it to him again asking for his money. In the end he came to Savage’s house and asked him for payment, saying to Savage, “You know you owe your life to me and I expected some gratitude (thankfulness) from you. ” “ I agree,” said Savage, “that I owe my life to you, and to prove to you that I am not ungrateful for your work I will give my life to you.” With these words he handed to him two copies entitle, THE LIFE OF RICHARD SAVES.

In the traditional( 传统的 )marriage, the man worked at a job to earn money for the family , Most men worked in an office , a factory, or some other place away from the home .Since the man earned the money , the paid the bills( 帐 ).The money was used for food , clothes , the house , and other family needs , The man made most of the decisions , He was the boss, In the traditional marriage, the woman seldom worked away from the house. she stayed at home to care for the children and her husband, She cooked meals, cleaned the house , washed the clothes , and did other housework , Her job at home was very important. In recent years , many couples( 夫妇 )continue to have a traditional relationship of the kind . The man has a job and earns the money for the family . The woman stays at home and cares for the children and the house .Many Americans are happy with the kind of marriage .But some other Americans have a different impression of marriage and family responsibilities( 责任） . There are two important differences in male( 男性 )and female ( 女性） roles( 角色 )now. One is that both men and women have many more choices .They may choose to marry or to stay single .They may choose to work or stay at home .Both men and women may choose roles that are comfortable for them. A second difference in male and female roles is that within marriage many decisions and responsibilities are shared .The husband and wife may choose to have children, or they may not .If they have children, the man take care of them some of the time , all of the time or not at all .The woman may want to stay at home and take care of the children .Or she may want to go to work .Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage , Many married people now share these decisions and the responsibilities of their families.

In reading science, a heading （标题） often gives a clue （线索） to a problem that is going to be discussed .Getting the problem clearly in your mind is the first step to take in studying such material. You are advised to do this in reading science articles. 1. Read the title and think about it . 2. Read all of the headings .You should get a clear idea of what the problems are without reading anything but the headings. 3. Next , read the article all the way through carefully. Each time you come to a heading that names a problem, read the paragraphs under that heading to find out : 1. more information about the problem; 2.how the problem may be met .

I found myself facing a dry-cleaning store which had once been one of the best restaurants in New York. On Sundays the old man would take my mother and me for dinner. There had been a balcony( 走廊 )where a baker ( 面包师 )in a tall white hat baked fresh bread , and been whenever a customer entered, the baker would look down and put in a fresh batch( 一炉 ).I could see the manager who always sat down with us while we ate .He had some disease , I suppose, because the right side of his face was swollen ( 肿的 )out like a balloon , but he always wore a hard wing collar and a white tie , and never seemed sick .A Negro with a moustache was looking through the store window at me .For a moment I was anxious to go and tell him what I remembered. I did not go into the store , nor even toward our house , I went down town instead and sat in my room , trying to read.

Hotlines have become common in China. Some radio broadcasting stations use hotlines to encourage the listeners to take part in the talk shows. That's a good idea. Yet, the fact is, some people do nothing but break the whole programme. Some people know little about the topic under discussion. Sometimes they do not even know what the host( 主持人 )is talking about. So the host has to tell the caller what the show is about .Usually the caller will ask a few questions which express his hope and show his ignorance( 无知 ).Then the host has to answer and explain-how silly this is !It wastes a lot of time . It seems that some people phone the hotlines in fun. They just want to let the listeners hear them. They don't care what the topic is , whether they themselves are interested in or how silly they appear to be. I'm totally bored( 厌烦 )by those people . It's necessary for radio stations to improve the hotline programmes. In my opinion, if a caller doesn't know what is going on, the operator should not let the caller take part in it.

Sussex police ordered to search for a six-foot, dark-haired youth of about 20 who failed to mug ( 抢劫 ) a five-foot, 74-year-old grandmother. The youth rushed at Mrs West and tied to take her things and money when she was walking out of a church. The result should have been an expected conclusion. Surprisedly, however, when Mrs West grasped the mugger’s wrist ( 手腕 ) ， he cried, ”Oh, God! Oh, no! Stop!” Encouraged by these pleas ( 哀求 ), she put him in arm lock at which the mugger cried, “Oh, no! Oh! God!” and ran away. “If I hadn’t been carrying my shopping I would really have put him on his back. “said Mrs West who had practised judo( 柔道 ) when younger.” When my husband was living. I used to pracise throwing him at Christmas”, she explained.

Dear Sirs, Improved ways of production make us able to offer you our change of Drilite batteries ( 电池 )at a reduced price for large quantities. Further information of the new prices for your market are sent to you together with the letter, and you will see that the price has already reduced 5 per cent. As c.i.f ( 成本，保险加运费 )to Dublin is included in our prices, you will agree that they are clearly lower than those of producers of the same batteries, both here in Japan and elsewhere. The quality of our producers remains the same --- only the finest chemicals are used. The new prices are for the least orders of 1,000 pounds and will begin from January 1. Immediate sending off is guaranteed because enough can be made whenever you require it. We appreciate your past dealing and co-operstion ( 合作 ) with us, and look forward to supplying you in the new year at the new prices.

Woman have more problems than men in old age. First of all, they have less money—or no money at all — and because of this, they often feel they get less respect , even at home. Quite a large number have no pension( 退休费 ) because they have never worked outside the home, and thirty-eight percent are supported mainly by their husbands or children. Second, a larger number of old women than old men become window(single women). Men are normally older than the women they marry, and women generally live longer than men. The remarriage among older windows is lower than that among widows(single men). Statistics ( 统计 ) from 1990 in Shanghai show only 52 percent of elderly women with husbands still living, compared to( 与 --- 相比 )82 percent of men. Because of lower incomes and the difficulty of remarriage, many elderly women who live alone, are poor and have almost no social life. Even an old couple lives with children, it is the woman who ends up doing the work around the house. She cleans the rooms, prepares meals, and takes care of the family. Some 75 percent of them carry out such heavy physical tasks as buying and carrying grain, coal and other supplies for the home. How to improve the quality of life of women in their later years is a question that needs to be dealt with by all the society.

Our surroundings are being polluted faster than ever and it seems that people cannot prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities, and the growing use of man-made materials. What can explain and settle this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man—by his desire( 欲望 ) for a modern way of life. We make “increasing industrialization”( 工业化 ) our first aim. So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the country-side into the cities, eager for the achievements of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem. Isn’t it time we stopped to ask ourslves where we are going—and why? It makes one think of the story about the pilot ( 飞行员 ) who told his passengers over the loudspeaker : “I’ve some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we ’re making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we are lost and don’t know where we’re going.” The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when speaking of our modern society.

A wind tunnel ( 风洞 ) is used for teasing planes or plane models. In a wind tunnel air is blown over a plane or a model placed in a test section( 区 ).Wind tunnel test sections are different in size depending on airflow speed requirements. Some low-speed tunnels have test sections large enough for a complete small plane. In the very high speed tunnels used for space testing, however, the model may be as small as a pencil. There are two ways of feeding air to the test section. In the constant flow tunnel, airflow is produced by electric fans. It is forced through the tunnel to the test section, then through another tunnel section back to the starting point for reuse. The other way involves ( 卷入 ) storing high-pressure air in a box, sending it out by a controlling device( 装置 ) to pass through the tunnel and test section into another box. This way is usually used for a very short period of high-speed airflow. Wind tunnels are usually used to test planes before they are flown. Problems in a plane can be found when it meets the high-speed airflow in the tunnel. For example, if the wings are built so that they would weaken(become weak) at high speeds, this fact can be discovered in the tunnel, saving many lives and millions of dollars. In a wind tunnel, scientists also find out how different planes will act different speeds. They find out such things as how the air dives by the wing surfaces, how slowly a plane can fly before it starts to drop, and how fast it can climb.

Reading is not the only way to gain knowledge of the work in the past. There is another large reservoir ( 知识库 ) which may be called experience, and the college student will find that every craftsman ( 工匠 ) has something he can teach and will generally teach gladly to any college student who does not look down upon them . The information from them differs from ( 不同于 ) that in textbooks and papers chiefly in that its theoretical ( 理论的 ) part -- the explanations of why things happen -- is frequently quite fantastic ( 神奇的 ) . But the demonstration ( 示范 ) and report of what happens , and how it happens are correct even if the reports are in completely unscientific terms ( 术语 ). Presently the college student will learn, in this case also, what to accept and what to reject. One important thing for a college student to remember is that if Aristotle could talk to the fisherman, so can he. Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional ( 传统的 ) practices handed down from father to son , or mother to daughter, of old country customs ( 习惯 ), of folklore ( 风俗 ). All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants from wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long age.

Water, water every where. It lasted almost two months , but in August it ended. It left 45 people dead and $10 billion worth of damage in nine states of USA. It was quite a big Mississippi flood ever recorded. In St.Louis, Missouri, 9,000 people were forced to leave their homes while the city was in danger. St. Louis is just downriver from the points where the Missouri and Illinois Rivers flow into the Mississippi. All three rivers were flooding. But the city escaped the worst when levees ( 堤 ) broke upriver. A levee is built of river sand and clay( 粘土 ). Eleven miles of flood walls were built in the late 1960's The walls are 18 inches thick and 5 to 22 feet high. They were designed to protect against a 52-foot flood. In St. Louis, water almost reached the top of flood walls. It measured 49.4 feet.

In Cardiff I was put to work in furniture department at one of the local stores. It was large, fairly out of date, run ( 经营 ), like its parent company in London, by a group of relatives. Being only a member of the store for a short time, I was in a very fortunate position. The others, particularly the older members of the store, were naturally asked to produce good sales figures. I was more of an observer. If I made a sale, I was pleased, but if I didn't, I would not be blamed. I was really there to observe and learn, and as I had no interest in making a position in the furniture business, I wasn't too diligent ( 勤奋 ) about that either. One salesman in late middle age once expressed his insecurity ( 不安全感 ) by scolding me of trying to steal one of his customers ( 雇客 ). Nothing could have been further from the truth, but he demanded that I go to the stockroom ( 货仓 ) with him to settle the matter. He was very small and thin, but to my surprise he started dancing about among the carpets and closets working his arms wildly and calling on me to 'put them up'. I couldn't put anything up ---I was too busy rolling on a four-foot six - inch spring mattress ( 弹簧垫子 ) , helpless with laughter. Finally he saw the joke too, and we went off to the members' store for a conciliatory( 和解 )cup of tea. Several days later, I finally left the store. Thank God!

Driving cars, trucks and motorcycles is an important part of our lives. We do it every day to get to work, to school or to friends' houses. Driving can be very convenient, but can also cause many problems. Waiting in line at a red light, a driver may get impatient and decide just to drive right through it. If another car is coming from the other direction, there might be a terrible accident. Cutting another car off can make its driver angry, so that driver cuts off someone else. Pretty soon everybody is angry, and impatient. Traffic accidents declare millions of lives every year worldwide. In Taiwan alone, over seven people are killed in accidents every day. The annual death rate ( 年死亡率 ) from traffic accidents in Taiwan is twice that of Japan. To allow traffic to move smoothly and safely, everybody must follow the rules. Before you drive, learn all the traffic laws. That way of driving is safe, convenient and even fun!

In the 1900's, American townspeople usually washed and brushed their teeth and combed their hair in the kitchen. Or they kept a water pitcher ( 大水罐 )and a wash basin in their rooms and took care of these things there. The bathtub was a wash tub( 澡盆 )filled with water from the stove. If you were small enough you could sit down by drawing your knees to your chest. Otherwise, you washed yourself standing up. Often all the women and girls in the family bathed together. Then the men and boys did. In most families this was Saturday night because Sundays they went to church. A small number of families did have running water. But that depended on whether there was a water system where they lived and on whether they could afford the plumbing( 水管设施 ). Some people had bathtubs in their homes as early as 1895. But many others did not have their first bath in a bathtub until 1910 or later when they were fifteen or sixteen

years old. 56 In the first paragraph, "took care of" means "" 。

CARIFF, Wales 桺 oets, singers and musicians from across the globe gathered Wales to celebrate the tradition( 传统 )of storytelling. "It might seem strange that people still want to listen to instead of watching television, but this is an unusual art form whose time has come again, "said David Amibrose, director of Beyond the Border, an international storytelling festival( 节 )in Wales. "Some of the tales, like those of the Inuit from Canada, are thousands years old. So our storytellers have come from distant lands to connect us with the distance of time. " he said early this month. Two Inuit women, both in their mid 60s, are among the few remaining who can do Kntadjait, or throat singing, which has few words and much sound. Their art is governed by the cold of their surroundings, forcing them to say little but listen attentively. Ambrose started the festival in 1993, after several years of working with those reviving(coming back into use or existence)storytelling in Wales. "It came out of a group of people who wanted to reconnect with traditions and as all the Welsh are storytellers, it was in good hands here." Ambrose said.

Greek soldiers sent messages by turning their shields( 盾 )toward the sun. The flashes reflected light could be seen several miles away. The enemy did not know what the flashes meant, but other Greek soldiers could understand the messages. Roman soldiers in some places built long rows of signal towers. When they had a message to send, the soldiers shouted it from tower to tower. If there were enough towers and enough soldiers with loud voices, important news could be sent quickly over distance. In Africa, people learned to send messages by beating on a series of large drums( 鼓 ). Each drum was kept within hearing distance of the next one. The drum beats were sent out in a special way that all the drummers understood. Though the messages were simple, they could be sent at great speed for hundreds of miles. In the eighteenth century, a French engineer found a new way to send short messages. In this way, a person held a flag in each hand and the arms were moved to various positions representing different letters of the alphabet. It was like spelling out words with flags and arms. Over a long period of time, people sent messages by all these different ways. However, not until the telephone was invented in America in the nineteenth century could people send speech sounds over a great distance in just a few seconds.

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