Turning the Tide - Borders, Poaching, Technology Sept. 16, 2014
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Transcript of Turning the Tide - Borders, Poaching, Technology Sept. 16, 2014
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Environmental Asset Management
Maj. Gen. Johan Jooste
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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSET MANAGEMENT
Maj Gen (ret ) Johan Jooste
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ILLICIT WILDL
IFE TRAD
E
SYNDICATED
CRIME
DEMANDENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS
GREED & POVERTY
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The ThreatTHE ILLICIT WILDLIFE TRADE HAS 4 PRIMARY INTERACTIVE COMPONENTS
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A global phenomena
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Organized crime
Victory in the court room
INTERNATIONAL CONSUMER
NATIONAL EXPORTER
NATIONAL COURIER
LOCAL COURIER OR TRANSITO
THE POACHER IN THE PARK
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2
1WHAT WE CAN DO INSIDE THE PARK
WHAT WE NEED
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The poacher (symptom)
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When borders become fault lines
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When boundaries become irrelevant
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Good fence – good neighbour ?
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Environmental Asset Management(EAM)
• Law enforcement a prominent part of conservation
• Manage – Valuable asset– Natural heritage– Stakeholders
• High cost of ownership• Depletion always looms
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The assetPRICE PER KG
Rhino Horn
$90 000,00
Platinum
$45 000,00
Gold
$39 000,00
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Asset utilized as passive road block(Who needs technology)
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“Republic of Kruger National Park”
• Armagedon or not• Triumph of evil over good – “Symbolism”• Rhino• Elephant…
1000 km border
• National asset• Regional pride• International icon
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• 2 million ha • 1 982 Plant species
– 404 woody– 224 grass
• 147 Mammal sp• 517 Bird sp • 119 Reptile sp• 52 Fish sp (including 3
exotics)• 35 Amphibians
KRUGER NATIONAL PARK
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GAME VIEWING
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The dark side of Kruger
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KNP philosophy
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Facing the challenge
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Strategic level
• Clear the Park from the outside• Asset management• Demand reduction• Communities:
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Operational level approach
The KNP is Surrounded by Potential Strategic Partners
• Urban & Rural Communities• Private & Provincial Reserves• Hotels, Lodges & Resorts• Informal Settlements• Farms & Businesses
KNP CAN ONLY BE CLEAREDFROM THE OUTSIDE
LNP
MLCGRU
NIG
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Intelligent deployment of resources
Nxanatseni North & South
CPZComposite Protection Zone
Marula North JPZJoint Protection Zone
Marula South IPZIntensive Protection Zone60
% o
f the
KN
P Rh
ino
Popu
latio
n
30%
of t
he K
NP
Rhin
o Po
pula
tion
10%
of t
he K
NP
Rhin
o Po
pula
tion
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Tactical capabilities
• Expand air services• Special rangers• Canine capability• Night enhancement
• PERSISTANT AND UNPREDICTABLE
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“Militarization” of Rangers
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC• For Rangers on the Front Lines of Anti-Poaching Wars,
Daily Trauma. Unsung heroes face daunting challenges.
• Worldwide, about two rangers are killed every week," says Sean Willmore, president of the International Ranger Federation and founder of the Thin Green Line Foundation, a charity that trains rangers and supports the widows of those killed in the line of duty. "But that's only partial data," he adds. "It could be double that amount."
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No substitute for the Ranger
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Force multipliers
• Training • Equipment – mobility• Doctrine – the “how”• TECHNOLOGY
Surveillance / early warning / tracking / detection (“SETD”)
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EAMA-PO Mission
The EAM for Africa Programme Office is the continental nodal
point for contemporary, integrated and holistic EAM
solutions to ensure the commissioning and
sustainment of systems based on validated user requirements, customised for African, regional
and Park’s realities
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Approach
• EAM customized
• African bush application
• Simple man/ machine interface
• Life cycle affordability
• Turnkey solutions (“wet lease”)
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Application
• Protect
• Enhance
• Non lethal
• Lethal
• Command and control
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Possible Technology Solutions
Direction Finding Unit
Direction Finding Antenna
GPS Module
Operation & Maintenance Terminal
Serial Interface
Accumulation Battery
Inverter
Power Supply Unit
A5 Kc CalculatorInterception unit
GSM Omnidirectional receiving antenna
Uplink Downlink
Direction Finding Unit
Direction Finding Antenna
GPS Module
Operation & Maintenance Terminal
Serial Interface
Accumulation Battery
Inverter
Power Supply Unit
A5 Kc CalculatorInterception unit
GSM Omnidirectional receiving antenna
Uplink Downlink
Electronic Fence
Mobile Phone Tracking
Seismic Fence
Control CentreOperational
Control Centre
Seismic Sensor
Aerial SurveillanceComms Tracking
Monitored Fence
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System architecture
20km ClearVu Invisible
Wall
40km buried seismic cable
Gate canine system
Control room
Special
Rangers
Mobile phone tracker
Note: HUMINT not shown
Relay site
ICOM radios
Ground-to-air radios
Data60km FFT
SecureFenceTM
Mutualink Gateway and Command & Control Facility
Ranger Station Locations are for illustrative purposes. These will require radio planning once finalized.
Ranger Camps
Existing CampsRadio Relay Sites
Park Gates
Link to Ranger CampHigh Speed BackboneLink to Sensor System
LEGEND
Technology in the IPZ
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Taking to the air
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Way forward
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The Illicit Wildlife Trade
A GLOBAL PROBLEM WITH SEVERE REGIONAL IMPACT AND CATASTROPHIC LOCAL IMPACT
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