Tunnelling Specifications

8/8/2019 Tunnelling Specifications

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STANDARD@SPECIFICATIONS@FOR@TUNNELING-

2006FMountain@Tunnels

CONTENTS

1. OUTLINE

1.1 Rules

[1] Scope

[2] Definitions

[3] Relative Laws and Regulations

[4] Selection of Mountain Tunneling Method and Examination Procedure

2. PLANNING AND INVESTIGATION

2.1 General

[5] Fundamentals of Planning

[6] Fundamentals of Investigation2.2 Alignment and Inner Section of Tunnels

[7] Horizontal Alignment of Tunnels

[8] Vertical Alignment of Tunnels

[9] Inner Cross Section of Tunnels

[10] Auxiliary Tunn el Facilities

2.3 Investigation

2.3.1 Investigation of Ground Conditions

[11] General of Investigation of Ground Conditions

[12] Investigation of Topography and Geology for Route Selection

[13] Research of Geology for Design and Construction Plan

[14] Geological Research during Construction

[15] Hydrological Research

2.3.2 Investigation of Location Conditions

[16] General

[17] Environmental Investigation

[18] Research of Laws and Regulations which Regulate the Project

[19] Research of Requirements for C ompensation

2.3.3 Investigation Results

[20] General

[21] Arrangement and Use of the Results of Investigation of Ground

Conditions

[22] Arrangement and Utilization of the Results of Investigation of

Location Conditions

2.4 Construction Planning

[23] General

[24] Establishment of Construction Sections

[25] Construction Methods and Schedule Planning

[26] Working Drifts

[27] Construction Roads, Outside Equipment and Muck Disposal Areas[28] Environment Preservation Measures

3. DESIGN

3.1 General

[29] General

3.2 Basics of Design

3.2.1 Rules

[30] Basics of Design

[31] Design Method

[32] Design Procedure


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[33] Design Changes

3.2.2 Selection of Excavation Cross Section and Construction Method

[34] Excavation Cross Section

[35] Selection of Excavation Method

[36] Selection of Tunnel Driving Method

3.2.3 Design Conditions

[37] Ground Properties

[38] Impact on Surrounding Structures and Environment[39] Impact by Neighboring Construction

[40] Impact of Earthquakes, Water Pressure, and Other Factors

3.3 Design of Tunnel Supports

3.3.1 General

[41] General

[42] Design Concept for Tunnel Supports

[43] Change of Supports

3.3.2 Shotcrete

[44] General

[45] Mechanical Characteristics of Shotcrete

[46] Mix of Shotcrete

[47] Design Thickness of Shotcrete

[48] Reinforced Shotcrete

3.3.3 Rock Bolts

[49] General

[50] Rock Bolt Anchorage System

[51] Rock Bolt Anchorage Material

[52] Distribution and Dimensions of Rock Bolts

[53] Material and Shape of Rock Bolts

3.3.4 Steel Supports

[54] General

[55] Shape of Steel Supports

[56] Cross Section and Steel Support Material

[57] Spacing of Steel Supports

[58] Joints and Base Plates for Steel Supports

[59] Collar Braces for Steel Supports

3.4 Design of Lining

3.4.1 General

[60] General[61] Philosophy for Lining Design

3.4.2 Fundamentals of Design

[62] Shape of Lining

[63] Design Thickness of Lining

[64] Mix and Strength of Lining Concrete

[65] Countermeasure against Cracks in Lining Concrete

3.5 Design of Inverts

[66] General

[67] Shape and Thickness of Inverts

[68] Strength and Mix of Invert Concrete

3.6 Design of Waterproofing and Drainage Systems

[69] General

[70] Waterproofing

[71] Drainage

3.7 Design of Portal Zones and Portals

[72] General

[73] Design of Portal Zones

[74] Design of Portals

3.8 Design of Branches and Enlargements

[75] General

[76] Designs of Branches and Enlargements

3.9 Design of Neighboring Construction

[77] General

[78] Design of Tunnels in the Vicinity of Existing Structures


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[79] Design of Neighboring Tunnels in Proximity to Each Other

[80] Design of Tunnels A ffected by Neighboring Construction

4. CONSTRUCTION

4.1 General

[81] General

[82] Investigation and Monitoring during Construction

[83] Changes in Construction Methods4.2 Safety and Health

[84] General

[85] Lighting

[86] Ventilation

[87] Walkways

[88] Safety Inspection

[89] Safety and Health

[90] Prevention of Fire and Explosion

[91] Emergency Procedures

4.3 Environmental Preservation

[92] Environmental Preservation

4.4 Surveys

[93] General

[94] Control Points outside Tunnel

[95] Tunnel Surveys

[96] Centerline and Levels Transferred from the Working Drift

4.5 Excavation

4.5.1 General

[97] Excavation Plan

[98] Measures for Face Stabilization

[99] Overbreak

[100] Drainage

4.5.2 Blasting

[101] General

[102] Drilling

4.5.3 Mechanical Excavation

[103] General

[104] Excavation

4.6 Mucking[105] Mucking Plan

[106] Mucking Machines

[107] Muck Loading

4.7 Transportation inside the Tunnel

[108] Hauling Method

[109] Road Surfaces and Railroad Tracks

[110] Hauling Vehicles

[111] Traffic Control

4.8 Supports

4.8.1 General

[112] General

[113] Reinforcement and Replacement of Supports

4.8.2 Shotcrete

[114] Selection of Shotcreting

[115] Shotcreting Machines

[116] Field Mixing of Shotcrete

[117] Shotcreting

[118] Shotcreting on Water Inflow

4.8.3 Rock Bolts

[119] Equipment

[120] Drilling and Cleaning of Holes for Rock Bolts

[121] Setting and Grouting of Rock Bolts


[122] Erecting Steel Supports


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4.9 Lining

4.9.1 Forms

[123] General

[124] Construction of Forms

[125] Bulkheads

[126] Traveling and Setting of Forms

[127] Removal of Forms

4.9.2 Lining[128] General Description of Construction of Lining

[129] Field Mixing of Lining Concrete

[130] Transportation of Lining Concrete

[131] Placement of Lining Concrete

[132] Compaction of Lining Concre te

[133] Curing the Lining Concrete

4.9.3 Invert Concrete

[134] Concrete Placement at the Invert

[135] Timing in Placing the Invert Concrete

4.9.4 Reinforcement for the Lining Concrete

[136] Reinforcement for the Lining Concrete

4.10 Construction of the Wa terproofing and Drainage

[137] Construction of the Waterproofing and Drainage

[138] Prevention of Water Leaks

4.11 Portal Construction

[139] Portal Construction

5. AUXILIARY METHODS

5.1 General

[140] General

[141] Role of Auxiliary Methods

[142] Application of auxiliary method

5.2 Auxiliary Methods for Safety in Tunnel Construction

[143] Auxiliary Methods for Face Stabilization

[144] Auxiliary Methods for Controlling Water Inflow

5.3 Auxiliary Methods for Preservation of the Surrounding Environmen t

[145] Auxiliary Methods for Preventing Ground Surface Settlement

[146] Auxiliary Methods for Construction Close to Existing Structures

6. TUNNELS THROUGH SPECIAL GROUND AND URBAN MOUNTAIN TUNNELING METHODS

6.1 Tunnels through Special Ground

6.1.1 General

[147] General

6.1.2 Tunnels in Unconsolidated Ground

[148] Tunnels in Unconsolidated Ground

6.1.3 Tunnels in Squeezing Ground

[149] Tunnels in Squeezing Ground

6.1.4 Tunnels through the Ground with Danger of Rock Burst

[150] Tunnels through the Ground wi th Danger of Rock Bursts

6.1.5 Tunnels through Ground with High Levels of Geothermal Heat, Hot

Springs, or Toxic Gases

[151] Tunnels through Ground with High Levels of Geothermal Heat, Hot

Springs, or Toxic Gases

6.1.6 Tunnels through Ground with a Danger of High Water Pressure or Large

Inflow Volumes

[152] Tunnels through Ground with a Danger of High Water Pressure or Large

Inflow Volumes

6.2 Urban Mountain Tunneling Methods

6.2.1 General

[153] General

6.2.2 Planning and Surveys

[154] Planning

[155] Investigation


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6.2.3 Design

[156] Basics of Design

[157] Design Procedure

[158] Support

[159] Lining and Invert

[160] Waterproofing and Drainage

6.2.4 Construction

[161] Principles for construction[162] Waterproofing and drainage

6.2.5 Observation and measuremen t

[163] General

[164] Planning and Implementation of Observation and Measurement

[165] Evaluation of Observation and Measurement Results

7. CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

7.1 General

[166] General

7.2 Management of the Schedule

[167] Management of the Schedule

7.3 Quality Control and Control of Actual Measurement

7.3.1 General

[168] General

7.3.2 Shotcrete

[169] Materials, Weighing and Mixing of Shotcrete

[170] Thickness and Strength of Shotcrete

7.3.3 Rock Bolts

[171] Material of Rock Bolts

[172] Arrangement an d Bonding of Rock Bolts


[173] Materials of Steel Supports

[174] Erecting of Steel Supports

7.3.5 Lining

[175] Material, Mixture and Strength of Lining

[176] Installation of Forms and Inspection of Lining

7.3.6 Waterproofing and Crack P rotection

[177] Quality Control of Waterproofing and Crack Protection

7.3.7 Drainage[178] Quality Control of Drainage

7.4 Observation and Measurement

7.4.1 General

[179] Purpose of Observation and Measurement

7.4.2 Planning of Observation and Measurement

[180] General

[181] Items of Observation and Measurement

[182] Positions of Observation and Measurement

[183] Frequency of Observation and Measurement

[184] Selection of Measuring Instruments

7.4.3 Execution of Observation and Measurement

[185] Observation Method

[186] Measurement Method

[187] Processing of Observation and Measurement Results

7.4.4 Utilization of Observation and Measurement Results

[188] Fundamental Approach

[189] Evaluation of Observation and Measurement Results

[190] Feedback to Design, C onstruction and Maintenance

8. TBM METHOD

8.1 General

[191] Scope of Application

8.2 Planning and Investigation for TBM Method

8.2.1 Planning


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[192] Tunnel Inner Section and Excavation Diameter

[193] Structure and Selection of TBM

8.2.2 Investigation

[194] General

[195] Topographical and Geological Investigation

8.3 Design

[196] Basics of Design of Tunnel Support

[197] Design of Tunnel Supports[198] Design of Lining

8.4 Construction with TBM

[199] General

[200] Assembly, Departing, Arrival and Disassembly

[201] Driving

[202] Lining

[203] Countermeasures against Poor Ground Conditions

8.5 Construction Management

[204] Schedule Management

[205] Control of Quality and Actual Measurements

[206] Observation and Measurement

8.6 Safety and Health in the TBM Method

[207] Safety and Health

[208] Maintenance of Work Environment

8.7 TBM for Special Use

[209] TBM for Special Use

9. TIMBERING SUPPORT METHOD

9.1 General

[210] Scope of Application

[211] General

9.2 Design and Construction of Timbering Support Method

[212] Loads in the Timbering Support Method

[213] Steel Support

[214] Lining

[215] Backfill Grouting

10. VERTICAL AND INCLINED SHAFTS

10.1 General[216] General

10.2 Vertical Shaft

10.2.1 Design of Vertical Shafts

[217] Cross-Section

[218] Design of Support fo r Shaft

[219] Design of Lining

10.2.2 Construction of Vertical Shafts

[220] General

[221] Excavation of Vertical Shaft

[222] Lining

[223] Draining

10.2.3 Safety of Vertical Shafts

[224] Safety Measures during Excavation

[225] Safety Provisions for Construc tion Equipment

10.3 Inclined Shafts

10.3.1 Design of Inclined Shafts

[226] Gradient and Cross -Section

[227] Design of Supports for Inclined Shafts

[228] Design of Lining for Inclined Shafts

10.3.2 Construction of Inclined Shafts

[229] General

[230] Excavation of an inclined shaft

[231] Lining

10.3.3 Safety of Inclined Shafts


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[232] Safety Measures during Excavation

[233] Safety Provisions for Construction Equipment

10.4 Bottom Equipment for Vertical Shafts and Inclined Shafts

[234] Bottom Equipment

INDEX

Tunnelling Specifications

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