TUMORS OF CNSBrain tumors:10-17/100,000 ,

20% of childhood tumorsSpinal cord tumors: 1-2/100,000Brain:Spinal cord tumors 10:1

Brain tumors are basically catagorised as

-benign-malignant –common than benign in the brain

Malignancies can be either Primary Secondary

Specific Features:Location within the brain may be

more important than nature of tumor

In children, 70% are infra- tentorial (posterior fossa)

In adults 70% supratentorial

SignificanceTumors can effect any part of the brain and

depending on what part(s) of the brain it affects can have a number of symptoms. Seizures Difficulty with language Mood changes Change of personality Changes in vision, hearing, and sensation. Difficulty with muscle movement Difficulty with coordination control

CancersGradingLow-gradeWell-differentiated (benign) with abetter

prognosis.High-gradeUndifferentiated (malignant) with worst

prognosis

Classification of Tumors :according to the cell of origin

1- Glial cells Glioma I- Astrocytoma & variants ii- Oligodendroglioma iii-Ependymoma iv- Microglioma

2- Primitive cells Medulloblastoma, Neuroblastoma

3- meninges Meningioma4- Nerve Sheath Schwannoma (Neurilemmoma),

Neurofibroma5- Lymphoreticular cells Lymphoma6- Others

1- ASTROCYTOMA

Commonest glial tumour Different typesDifferent age groups

,

CT / Glioblastoma Multiforme

Ependymoma in 4th.ventricle

Ependymal Rosettes

MEDULLOBLASTOMA:cerebellar tumor in children- Hydrocephalus &ICP occur early - Radiation + chemotherapy

better -CSF dissemination

CT- Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma/ Rosettes

MENINGIOMA :Arise from meninges in brain or spinal cord.

More in adult femalesMost are none cancerous

Meningioma

Meningioma

METASTATIC TUMORSAccount for about 25-50% of solid

intracranial tumors

Solid tumors:LungBreastMelanoma.Kidney.GIT

Spinal cord tumors

INTRASPINALTUMORSClassified according to location in relation to the dura

Extradural- arising from the extradural spaceIntradural - originating within the neural tissue.1. Extramedullaryarising from the blood vessels, meninges or nerve roots,forming an intradural tumorEx- Neurofibromas(Nerve sheath tumor)grow in the nerve root that extends into theextradural space Meningiomastumor originates from the dura matter and arachnoid

membranes

Intramedullarytumors arisingfromwithin the substance o the

spinalcorditself

Treatment SurgeryChemotherapy and radiotherapy for

malignancies