Tula Light Potential Fuel Economy Improvements · Tula proactively manages the engine firing...

© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.

Tula Technology’s

Dynamic Skip Fire

September 28, 2016


• What is Dynamic Skip Fire (DSFTM)?

• Development Results

• Tula – Delphi 4 Cylinder DSFTM Project

– Initial test results and projections

Agenda

2


Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF) Attributes

1. Decision to “Fire” or “Skip” is made before each cylinder event

• Allows the most immediate response to driver torque request

2. Enabled by individual cylinder deactivation

3. The resulting “firing density” varies between 0% and 100%, as opposed to switching between half and full engine

134213421342134213421342134213421342

152

Number

of Fires

267

Firing

Opportunities

Cylinders

per

Engine

4 2.28

“Effective

Cylinders”

57% “Firing Density”


Dynamic Skip Fire – Fuel Efficiency Benefit

How does DSF improve fuel efficiency?

1. Reduction of pumping losses

2. Higher thermodynamic efficiency

– Optimum combustion conditions even at low loads

– Low load IMEP COV improved

3. DCCO – shuts off all cylinders during deceleration

– Eliminates catalyst re-fueling penalty compared to fuel-only shutoff strategy

– Reduces pumping compared to conventional strategies, enabling longer events

4. Fast torque control

– Reduces or eliminates spark retard during trans shifts, etc

© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Tula V8 Test Vehicle

• Designed a unique cylinder

deactivation system to allow control

of all valves and cylinders

• Created a complete control system

to operate in all-cylinder or DSF

mode

• Invented a controls-based NVH

management system


0 20 40 60 80 1000

10

20

30

40

50

Firing Density (%)

100 200 300 400 500 6000

50

100

Time (s)

100 200 300 400 500 6000

50

100

Time (s)

US06

0 20 40 60 80 1000

10

20

30

40

50

Firing Density (%)

200 400 6000

50

100

Time (s)

200 400 6000

50

100

Time (s)

US Highway

0 20 40 60 80 1000

10

20

30

40

50

Firing Density (%)

% O

pera

tion

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000

50

100

Time (s)

MA

P (

kP

a)

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000

50

100

VS

S (

kph)

Time (s)

US Hot18 (City)

* Idle excluded – stop-start assumed

DSF Results – U.S. EPA Drive Cycles*

Tula 6.2L Yukon Denali17% FE Improvement 6.1% FE Improvement9.0% FE Improvement

0 20 40 60 80 1000

10

20

30

40

Firing Density (%)

100 200 300 400 500 6000

50

100

Time (s)

100 200 300 400 500 6000

50

100

Time (s)

US06

0 20 40 60 80 1000

10

20

30

40

Firing Density (%)

200 400 6000

50

100

Time (s)

200 400 6000

50

100

Time (s)

US Highway

0 20 40 60 80 1000

10

20

30

40

Firing Density (%)

% O

pera

tion

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000

50

100

MA

P (

kP

a)

Time (s)

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000

50

100

VS

S (

kph)

Time (s)

US Hot18 (City)US City


Weighted Engine Out Emissions - Hot 18

Tula Yukon DSF 6.2L V8

THC CO NO_x0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Em

issio

ns (

g/k

m)

V8

Tula DSF

CO20

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Em

issio

ns (

g/k

m)

DSF produces carryover emissions

relative to base engine operation…

…while improving

CO2 by 17%


Low frequencies and high peak amplitudes cause

unacceptable vibration

Frequency of excitation depends on engine speed

and sequence of fires/skips

Tula proactively manages the engine firing

sequence

Subjective and objective evaluations are used to

deliver production benchmark NVH

8

Tula’s NVH control approach

0.1 1 10 1000.01

0.1

1

10

frequency, Hz

Sensitiv

ity/G

ain

ISO 2601 Human Body Sensitivity

Wd - Fore-aft vibration

Wk - Vertical vibration


Example: Driver’s Seat VibrationV8 engine, 3rd gear, 25% pedal acceleration, in z direction

Production Calibration V8 mode

Production

CalibrationDSF

DSF proactively manages NVH at the source

Optimized DSF with transitionsW

kw

eig

hte

d v

ibra

tio

n


Resonance Avoidance for Cabin BoomV8 engine, 3rd gear, 14% pedal, constant road speed, driver’s left ear

Optimized DSF pattern

DSF proactively avoids vehicle resonances

So

un

d P

res

su

re L

eve

l

Resonance avoidance off (FD = 50%) S

ou

nd

Pre

ss

ure

Le

ve

l

Production

Calibration

DSF


Tula & Delphi 4 Cylinder DSF Program

11

• Objective: Prove fuel economy benefits of DSF on smaller, boosted engines

• A collaborative effort with Delphi– VW Jetta 1.8L Turbocharged GDi engine

– Delphi EMS with integrated Tula DSF controls

– Delphi Cylinder Deactivation Hardware

EA888 - Generation 32015 Volkswagen Jetta SEL 1.8L TC

Specifications

Engine Displacement 1.8L TSI®

Test Weight Class 3625 lb.

(1644 kg)

Transmission 6 speed AT

Tiptronic

Tailpipe Emissions SULEV

Evaporative

Emissions

Zero Evap

Projected DSF Fuel

Economy

Improvement

8 - 10%


DSF in action


10.9

6.8

9.1 8.8

7.7

10.5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

FE G

ain

ove

r Tu

rbo

GD

iBas

elin

e (

%)

Drive Cycle

DSF Projected FE Gains for Various Drive Cycles

13

4-Cylinder DSF Fuel Economy Improvement

Projected with Optimized Passive NVH Mitigation HW

Fuel Economy improves substantially on all

drive cycles, while maintaining production NVH

17% improvement in FE at 2.5 bar BMEP

2000 RPM


Impact of eDSF

Baseline: no electric motor eDSF electric mitigation, 0.7kW

• electric Dynamic Skip Fire couples DSF with vehicle

electrification

• DSF flyzone is enhanced with P0/1/2 electric machine

• Synergies between electrification and DSF improve projected

P0 system efficiency to 12% over baseline GTDI engine


1.8L 4-Cyl TGDI, 6AT, VVT, S/S

2-Mode +optimized passive HW, $180 , 5%

DSF + optimized passive HW, $360 , 9%

48V 12kW Hybrid + eboost, $1,000 , 11%

48V Hybrid + 2-Mode + optimized passive HW,

$1,180 , 16%

48V Hybrid + DSF + optimized passive HW,

$1,360 , 20%

48V eDSF + optimized passive HW, $1,390 , 23%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

$- $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 $1,400 $1,600

Fuel

Eco

no

my

Imp

rove

men

t (%

)

OEM On-Cost ($)

15

DSF 4 Cylinder Value Propositions

Hybridization

$100/%

$60/%

$40/%


Summary

• Significant fuel efficiency gains for spark ignited engines at a compelling

cost

• Production level NVH, drivability and emissions

• Excellent potential for future efficiency gains

– Electrification

– Advanced combustion concepts

• Tula welcomes evaluation of our Technology!

– Four-cylinder vehicle will be at the Aachen Colloquium on October 11th, 12th

– Evaluation will also be possible in Plymouth, MI and/or San Jose, CA

A simple, unique and game changing technology


Contact

Tula Technology2460 Zanker RoadSan Jose, CA

Matthew [email protected]

Tula Light Potential Fuel Economy Improvements · Tula proactively manages the engine firing...

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