TUBERCULOSIS Sri Chusniati. TUBERCULOSIS G : Mycobacterium F : Mycobacteriaceae O : Actinomycetales.
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Transcript of TUBERCULOSIS Sri Chusniati. TUBERCULOSIS G : Mycobacterium F : Mycobacteriaceae O : Actinomycetales.
TUBERCULOSIS
Sri Chusniati
TUBERCULOSIS
G : Mycobacterium
F : Mycobacteriaceae
O : Actinomycetales
Morphology & characteristics:
Slender, straight or slightly curved rod with rounded ends
Width from 0.2 – 0.5 um, length 1.5 – 4 umAcid-fastNon spore & non capsulatedNon motileObligate aerobe Intra cellularGram +
Growth Properties in media
Media: Not grow in general medium Grow In rich medium + albumin (Lowenstein Jensen)
Period incubation 4-6 weeks at temperature of 37o CColonies:
Dried, rough, convex color: white to yellow (M. tuberculosis)
wet, flat, smooth white in color (M. bovis)
In broth medium: grow spreading on the wall of the tube from the bottom to the top & form membrane in surface
Media for the growth of Mycobacterium:
- Lowenstein Jensen (glycerol)- Stonebrink (M. bovis)- Egg yolk Citrate- Potato Agar- Petragnani- Dubos Broth
colonies appear after 4 – 6 weeks
Characteristics in biochemistry tests
Mycobacterium bovis not form niacin & non reduce nitrate
This properties are contrariwise with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Resistances
Sun rise directly in + 8 oursPasteurize Suspension of cresol/phenol 5 %: 24 oursJodium tincture: 5 minutesResistant to 4% NaOH Resistant In rotten carcass & wet soil for 1-4 years
In dried feces of cattle bacteria are able to life in 150
days
Sensitive host cattle, poultry and human
M. bovis M. tbc tipe bovisM. avium M. tbc tipe aviumM. tuberculosis M. tbc tipe human
contagiouschroniczoonoses
The type of disease are acute & progressive to all organs
TUBERCULOSIS (BOVINE)Bovine tuberculosis
The causative agent is Mycobacterium bovisIt occurs worldwide, but M. bovis has been
almost eradicated from the cattle of several developed countries.
Reservoir & mode of transmissionCattle are the natural reservoir of infectionTransmission to humans is via consumption of
row milkThe organism poses a serious hazard to
laboratory workers
Incubation periodHumans four weeks to several yearsAnimal variable
Antigenic Structure
Consisted of Polysaccharide, protein & lipid
Clinical featuresCattle chronic disease - Weight loss
- Bronchopneumonia extensive destruction of lung tissue progressive respiratory distress
death.- Swelling of the retropharyngeal lymph node - Mastitis progressive indurations
Humans- The primary lesion - enlarged cervical limph nodes - Over many months, with fever, weight loss,
abdominal pain & tenderness, bone & joint lesions, meningitis with neurological sign.
Pathogenesis
via inhalation lung cough be swallowed gut intestine hematogen/lymphogen >< phagocyte cells multiply damage phagocyte cells form mass like cheese
The injured cell stimulate the body to form epitheloid cells (to localize bacteria so the bacteria are able to spread continuously) giant cell
At tubercle calcium are piled or heaped to be a thing like lime
In resistance animals Tubercle not develop just appear in the local area
named local tuberculosis (tbc lokal)
In sensitive animals
Tubercle become enlargement.
In bronchus tubercle become erupts during animal coughing bacteria enter GIT and continuously spread to entire body through lymphogen/ hematogen until reach wall of intestine, liver, spleen, lung, udder, uterus
general tuberculosis (tbc umum/milier)
When bacteria of M. tbc are found in milk, urine and sputum, the disease named tbc terbuka
Fowl
Avian tbc occur depend on environmental
sanitation Infection occur through oral and inhalation The process of tubercle formed in fowl
similar with the process in cattle Predilection organs : intestine, liver, spleen,
bone marrow. The disease unusual attack lung
Tuberculin Test Clinical features Pathology changes Lab examination
Diagnosis:
Tuberculin testGenerally intra dermal Methods: Shear the feather, measure the thickness of cowhide with
cutimeter injection tuberculin Observation after 72 hours.Result: Fever, Increasing of cowhide thickness > 60% + < 60% -
Pathology:Tubercle with variated size, one/joinedIf cut feels like cutting sand center of
cheese-like formTubercle esp. in lung, hepar, spleen, ren,
retropharyngeal lymph nodes, bronchiale lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes
Giant cell, epitheloid cell
Lab examination
Sample (sputum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, pus) If organ + papain + NaOH 2-4% wait for 30’
centrifuge sediment + HCl 2N culture & incubation 37oC in 5-8 weeks
if 12 weeks not growing negative Followed by microscopic BTA animal-tested
Biologic Test :Colony centrifuged sediment + PZ
injected to 2 animal (sc/ip)Animal weak & bulge on injection areaAfter approximately 4 weeks 1 animal killed
PA/ negative After 8 weeks 1 animal killed PA/ PA/ tubercle in organs
Result of biologic test:
Fowl Guinea pig Rabbit
M. bovis - + +M. avium + - +M. tbc - + -
Differential Diagnosis
Cattle:Pleuro Pneumonia Contagiosa Bovis c/ Mycoplasma bovisAspirasi PneumoniaCorynebacterium pyogenesMalleus c/ Pseudomonas malleiJohne’s disease c/ M. paratbc
Fowl:NeoplasmaAspergllosis, MucormycosisPenyakit pernafasan causa lainPenyakit pencernakan causa lain
Testing material & shipping method
Sputum, pleural fluid, raw milk, organ fresh & cool, in transport media
organ in formalin 10% histopathology
Prevention & Controlling:
Animals: No Vaccination Sanitation disinfectant liquid cresol/phenol Isolation suspect animals New animal from tbc-free places Serious condition slaughtered
Good condition may be cut & look afterpart with tubercle must be thrown away
Fowl Good managementSanitation New animals from tbc-free area Reactors tuberculin + slaughtered Prevent domestic birds transmission
Treatment
Usually failed because :Cell wall of bacteria is thickBacteria can live by intracellular Drugs penetration is slowAnimals: Not attemptedHumans: antituberculous chemotherapy
Health aspect:Cattle
Local tbc : consume only the sterilized milk throw infected organ awaygeneral tbc /milliar:
slaughter & throw away