n t e r i o r
Desi gn and
Marti
NewYork
x i i i
 
Peri od
 
 
 
room
 
and mul ti pl e
workst at i ons
260
F ur n i t u r e furni shi ngs and
equi pment
Spaces
Spaces
Coat r oom
 
 
 
467
 
469
 
 
 
 
779
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32
 
b ol t s
f ormul as
Mar vi n Af f r i me
AndrewAl per n AI A
 mon   Gr aecen   r c h i t e c t s
Davi d Appel DLF I ALD
Bertram L   Bassuk   r c h i t e c t
Ant hony Beaumont   r c h i t e c t
J eanni e Bochet t e
s t e e l c a s e
Loui s Bowman   r c h i t e ct
Scott Br om ey   r c h i t e c t
Br om ey J acobsen
 
r c h i t e c t u r e and Desi gn
J er r y Cal dar i   r c hi t e c t
Toni Chi Al ber t Chen Associ at es
W l l C   i ng
 
Cameron Cl ark   r c h i t e ct
Davi s Br ody   W sni ewski   r c h i t e c t s
Maj ori e E a r t h l i f e
Br ad E l i a s ASI D
Davi d Engel
Engel GGP
Landscape   r c h i t e c t s
Paul Eshel man I DEC
Evans Moor e Peterson   Woodbr i dge   r c h i t e c t s
Char l es D Fl ayhan Associ at es I nc  
Frank J   F o r s t e r   r c h i t e c t
U l r i c h Franzen   r c h i t e c t
Gensl er Associ at es
Frankl i n H Got t schal l
Adr i enne Gr ad
J u l i u s Gr egory   r c h i t e c t
  l b e r t Hal se
Hochhei ser E l i a s Desi gn Gr oup I nc  
Cal eb Hornbol st el   r c h i t e c t
Lees Hort on
Lawr ence I s r a e l FAI A
  r c h i t e c t
Franci s J oannes   r c hi t e c t
El y J acques Kahn   r c h i t e c t
Mar y J e an Kam n ASI D
W l l i am H Kappl e AI A
J oseph Kl ei man
Dor ot hy Lee
Sa y Lee   r c h i t e c t
L o r i Lennon ASI D
Howard L i t t o n ASI D
Steve Loui e
Ronal d Lubmn   r c h i t e c t
Harry Lunst ead Desi gn I nc  
M chael Lynn   r c h i t e c t
M chael Lynn   Associ at es
Nat han J e r r y Ma l t z AI A   r c h i t e c t
W l l i am Manl ey FASI D
Mays Si mpson   Hunsi cker   r c h i t e c t s
Me r r i l l Humbl e and Tayl or   r c h i t e c t s
Montgomery Wnecof f   Associ at es I nc  
W l l i am Mor gan FAI A
Ber nhar dt E   Mul l er   r c h i t e c t
Ri char d   Neutr a   r c h i t e ct
J u l i u s Panero   r c h i t e c t
Paner o Zel ni k Associ at es
Pari sh Hadl ey Associ at es I nc  
Perki ns   Wl l   r c h i t e c t s
Denni s Pi ermont SL
 
P r o f e s s o r I n s t i t u t e of Technol ogy
J ohn Russel Pope
  r c h i t e c t
W l l i am Pul g ram   r c hi t e c t
Ra ey
Buchner   r c h i t e c t s
Antoni n Raymond   r c h i t e c t
Frank Ri s p ol i
S aa r i n i n Swanson Saar i nen   r c hi t e ct s
J acquel i ne S i l e s
The Space Desi gn Gr oup
Ri chard Stoni s
AndrewJ   Thomas   r c h i t e c t
Thomps on Robi nson Toraby I nc  
Dari us Tor aby   r c h i t e c t
M chael Tr encher
 
P r o f e s s o r P r a t t I n s t i t u t e
Verna Cook Sal omosky   r c h i t e c t s
Wal ker
 
G i l l e t t e   r c h i t e c t s
Wal ker Gr oup CNI
Leroy P ard   r c hi t e c t
Edgar   W l l i ams   r c h i t e c t
Charl i e Wng
Mar t i n Zel ni k   r c h i t e c t
 
A
Access Amri ca
I nc
Amri can
Amri can
Sani t ary P a r t i t i o n Corpor ati on
Amri can Speci al t i es I nc  
Amri can St andar d I nc  
Ar chi t ectural Panel i ng I nc
Ar chi t ectural Woodwork
I ns t i tute
Armor El evat or
Bucki nghamVi r gi ni a Sl ate Co 
Camden
Cl ai r son
I nternat i onal
Conde Nast
Cul t er Manufacturi ng
Corp
Company
Egger s I ndust ri es
El j er Plumi ngware
D vi s i o n of Wal l ace-Murray Corpor ati on
Eurofl ai r
Formca
Co pany
General Ser vi ces
Gencoe Publ i shi ng Co  
Habi t at
Haf el e
Har t co
Haws
Hol l owMetal
Hort on Lees Li ght i ng Desi gns nc  
Howe Fur ni t ure Co pany
Hussey Seat i ng Co pany
  l l i n o i s
Agri cul t ur al Experi ment Sta t i on
  l t t a l a I nc  
I ndi ana Limstone I ns t i tute
of Amri ca
I nter gr aph Corpor ati on
I nt erkal I nc  
J G
J ust Bulbs Lt d 
Ki nney Shoe
Corpor ati on
Ki rsch D vi s i o n of Cooper I ndust ri es
I nc  
Kohl er
L i brary ur eau I nc  
Macl evy Heal t h a d Fi t ness
Pr oduct s
 meri ca I nc  
McKi nney/Parker
Associ at i on of Ar chi t ectural Metal
Manufacturers
Nat i onal Associ at i on of Ornamntal Metal
Manuf act ur ers
CathodeCorp
Nat i onal Ret ai l Merchants Associ at i on
Nat i onal Terrazzo
I nc
N chol s P ubl i s hi ng
N l a nd
Phi l i ps L i ght i ng Co 
Phi l l i ps
 
Pi tt sburg orni ng Corp
 
Rai l ex Corporati on
Rober t s Step Li te System
Roppe Rubber Corporat i on
St   Char l es Ki t chens
SchlageLock
 ompany
 o   I nc  
Steel Door
Tarkett
  Ameri ca I nc  
Corp  
Whi r l pool
 
Uni t ed
 evel opment
Uni t ed
 
anddeta i l th i s
vol umewascompi l ed
desi gners and educators 
great
and thei r
s ens i t i vi t y to the subj ect
mtter they have createdthe
Theedi tors spent threeyears
vol umeto f r ui t i on
cul l i ng
outstandi ng
designers to i l l u s t r a t e
c
and tappi ng thei r own
anthropometri c
experti se
ad
dress the i mportance of
hi s t or i c i nf l uence on
present day desi gn
furni ture and
Al l
si veness that
of a hours i n
the pursui t of
i nnova
t i o n and cr eat i vi t y
i n developi ng sol uti ons
for cl i ent needs
 
book are a
urat on of t h i s
profession of ours and t o
the edi tors
appreciati on and
i portance
FASI D I DEC
My pl easure i n bei ng i nvi t e d t o
wri te part f the
Foreword s w f t l y
changed
awe at the scope and
depth of t hi s
book
compi l ati onandmass
of i nformati on
i s obvious   But i t i s especial l yand
uni quel y user fri endl y
  t presents the
witten and i l l us t r at i ve data wthout
a trace of pedantry
; i t meets a real
need i n our i nt e r i or desi gner
professi onal resources  
dedi cati on and
of over threeyears
hours of i nput have
pro
I of f er the sa e cauti onary
advi ce menti oned
i n the Preface 
comprehensi ve referenceand
materi al suggestedpl an
anddesi gn cr i te -
r i andregul atory l i m t at i ons
i t i s not i t w l l never
be a subsi tute
desi gn act for
al ways
program and functi onal
to spi n your dream
but do not
Lawence
FI SP
Ti e-Saver
andSpacePl anni ng i s
apro-
detai l i ng of
i nteri or spaces   t s pri arygoal
i s t o provi de wth n asingl e
ref erence
i nfor ati on that typi cal l y i s
f ound di spersed
sources includi ng
manufacturers catal ogs
deal i ngw th hi stor i c
styl es anddocuments
can be used by the
s al l and edi umsi ze i nter i or
de-
si gn or archi t ectural f irmo estab i shan
i nstant reference l i br ar y of
de-
si gn dataanddeta i l s by provi i nga
broadsel ect i on of detai l types
and
firmwi l l be ab eto substanti al l y
aug-
ment and modif y an exi sti ng l i brary
of deta i l s  
Perhaps the ost unique eature of
thi s handbook i s thevast
arrayof
reproduced di rect l y f rom
actual
worki ng draw ngs contri buted by so e of
the nati on s l eadi ng i nteri or
and archi t ectural firm   t i s
thi s that makes the handbook par
t i c u l a r l y
useful to the nteri or desi gner
archi tect and student al i ke  
Th s book
consists of f i v e secti ons 
he f i r s t ent i t l ed Planni ng and
Desi gn of
I nteri or Spaces deal s w th
resi denti al of f i ce hospi tal i ty and
retai l spaces i n term
of the rel evant
p anni ng desi gn and detai l i ng
data spec i f i cal l y associated
w th each  hesecond
Constructi on Detai l s
andFi ni shes deal s w th
vari ous basi c i nter i or con-
structi on components
components i ncl ude
wal l f i ni shes and
f l oor f i ni shes doors
cei l i ngs stai rs f i repl aces and
l i ght i ng   Detai l s rel
evant t o eachcomponent
have been contri buted
by pract i c i ng i nter i or
desi gners
and archi t ects as wel l as manuf acturers
The t hi r d secti on ent i t l ed Arch tectural
Wodwork deal s w th stan-
dard j o neryand
and moul dings and
furni ture hardware  he
fourth secti on enti
t l ed Speci al t i es deal s
w th vari ous speci al i zed areas
of equi ment
decorati on i ncl udi ng si gnage
andgraph cs
I nforma-
areas i s drawn f rom
manufacturers suppl i ers
and desi gners
 hef i f t h secti on ent i t l ed
General Reference Data
provides the most
reference materi al s f ound
i n hand-
books of t hi s type i ncl udi ng t abl es
charts formu as and
gui del i nes   O part i cul ar i nt erest
to the archi tect i nteri or desi gner
and
f a c i l i t y anager are tab es that can
be easi l y used to
determne carpet
anddraw ngs rel at i ve to
a f ac
provided
i nformati on pre-
sented i n
t hi s book have been compi l ed from so di f ferent
sources i t i s d i f f i c u l t t o ensure t hat   l l the data are ent i rel y accurate or
appropri ate
for
exampl e i n s e i nstances pl anni ng gui del i nes may
ref l ect mni um
acceptabl e st andards and not necessari l y i deal or pre-
f erred standards   n other i nstances the det ai l s
i ndi cated may have
been perf ectl y adequate i n the context of
the total bui l di ng desi gn of
hi ch
they ere a part but they maywel l requi re modi fi cati on to re-
f l ec t desi gn condi ti ons and the reader s i ntended use t shoul d al so be
noted t hat bui l di ng codes f i r e safety regul ati ons barr i er- f ree stan
dards and other l aw governi ng the d si gnandconstructi on of
bui l di ngs vary fromstate t o state   Accordi ngl y the reader shoul d con-
s ul t   l l appl i cab e l ocal state and federal codes for conformance pri or
to appl yi ng any of the i nformati on co tai ned i n
t hi s book
Moreover
the reader i s cauti oned that the di mensi nal i nformati on
provided i n
connecti onwth f urni ture equi pment appl i ances accessori es
etc   has
been obtai ned frommanufacturers and techni cal l i terature and thus
vari es fromsuppl i er to suppl i er and fromsource to source   Certai n
i temmayhave been di sconti nued others modi f i ed and s t i l l others r e-
pl aced Al though every effort has been to ensure the reasonabl e-
ness of the i nformati on the reader i s cauti oned t o consul t the
f acturer of the i temspeci fi ed for current di ensi onal data
The reader
i s al so advised that ost drawngs andother i l l ust r at i ve
ateri al have
been enl arged or reduced for reasons of page l ayout and
page s i z e   The reader i s
cauti oned therefore to di sregard any scal e
desi gnati ons andnot to scal e
the
addi t i onal di ensi onal i nformati on
Final l y as menti oned before the pl ans anddet ai l s contai ned i n
thi s
ere extracted fromcompl ete sets of actual worki ng drawngs
prepared by di f f erent
contri butors   They were sel ected both be-
cause they were representati ve
of t ypi cal si tuati ons faced by the de-
si gner of i nteri or spaces andbecause
they ere par t i c ul ar l y i nfor a-
t i v e   The authors woul d l i k e to underscore
the f act that these pl ans and
detai l s as wel l as   l l the other ateri al
presented i n t hi s book are i n-
tended to serve onl y as a el pful poi nt of departure i n
connecti on wth
the desi gn process and not as asubsti tute f or ori gi nal thi nki ng and
cre-
 
ef f ort has been to present reasonabl y accurate
i nformati on
the edi tors andpub i sher assumno l i abi l i t y or responsi -
bi l i t y for a t o
persons or property al l eged t o have occurred as a
di rect or i ndi rect
consequence of the useandappl i cati on of anyof the
contents
of t hi s book Thereader i s advi sed to vi ewthe sub ect matter
pri mari l y
as gui del i nes f or prel i mnary pl anni ng and detai l i ng and t o
properl y
revi ew odi fy and process i t to ensure conformance wth l o-
cal
codes and practi ces andappropri ateness of appl i c abi l i t y  
J oseph
 eChi ara
 
R e s i d e n t i a l S p a c e s
Pe r i od f u r n i t u r e
 
 
 
 
 
19
 
 
2
 
T
H 17th
Cent ury i mm gr ant s brought t o  meri cat he buil di ng t r a  
di ti ons of thei r   nati ve l ands   The Par son Capen house   1683 at
Topsf i el d, Mass  
f or exampl e, closel y esembl es Engl i sh houses of
t he
same peri od   But t he cl apboards are typi cal l y Ameri can I n t he
panel s at ri ght are cl ose- up detail s of t he Earl y Col oni al
THS l i v i n g roomi s typi cal of those i n t he more
el abor ate Earl y
Col oni al homes
are bl ue- gr een
w th
t ouches of r ed Thi s i s taken up by t he
uphol st ery- bl ue- gr een
damask f or
t he s o f a s r ed tapestry f or t he chai rs   The
Or i ent al r ug
and t he portr ai t
above the f i r e p l a c e are both i n t ones of r ed,
brown
and yel l ow w t h r ed domnant  
n al ternati ve col or scheme woul d have bl ue and yel l ow up-
hol stery  needl ewor k f or t he chai rs, s a t i n f or t he sof as i The wal l s
woul d be pi ne- paneled, ador ned w th s i l v e r sconces, t he cur tai ns a
br i ght cot ton pri nt i n r ed   yel l ow bl ue and whi te  
Furni ture ade i n  meri caduri ng the
Earl y
seventeenth centuryand
was necessari l y, andpossibl y al so
by choi ce
coloni sts ,
part i cul ar l y those i n  w
ngl and had not
ti me or equi pment t o spare f or any
but the
Turning
achi eveand thus themost
decorati on was also a process
capabl e of i n f i n i te
var i at i ons of desi gn som
areshown
TE color scheme
i n t h i s d i n i n t ro i uu i keyed
t o t he l ow
ones of t he
f urni ture t he s o f t
gl eamof t he smoot h
pol i shed brass
back chai rs have
rush-bottom seat s  
B r i l l i a n t r ed and whi t e
pri nted
curt ains   The hooked r ug i s i n
r eds
and greens  
m ght be of r ed and yel l ow
cr ewel embr oi der y t he
uphol st ery of r ed br ocade   I n
t he
panel s
at ri ght are f urn i t ure
and fabr i cs sui ted t o an Earl y
Col oni al
bedroomw th
i s typi cal
of Ear l y
The bed deco-
work i n an
i s t h e most
i mport ant
The chai rs are
uphol st er ed
damask   Thegreen
l i t t l e draped wndow
curt ains i s echoed
by t he gr eens
i n t he
f l o o r  
Al ternati vel y the
wall s m ght
gray-
pri nted cotton on
and oak
Even themost c os t l y f u r ni t u r e
i n t hi s Earl y
Col oni al
peri od was usua l l y of sol i d ood
unf i ni shed
waxi ng Ve
neeri ng and
shel l acking t o gai n care fu l l y
patternedgra i ni ng and hi gh f i ni sh were
unexpl oi ted The pi ne
panel i ng on thewal l s
mght
or painted
Other oods
so commonly
and wal nut   General l y Ameri can
work i s
Eng i sh work of 10 or 20
years ear l i er   I n Pennsyl vani a a d
Del aware
whichwere set t l ed
by c ol o ni s t s of Swedi sh
and German descent   i n addi t i on
t o the
Engl i sh uch of
the simpl e f ur n i t ur e was
paintedwth i t s moti f s transferred
f romEuro
years of the Earl y Col oni a l
per i od
trade wth the Ori ent uch
Chinese porcelai nwas
wasstrong i n text i l es   the
Tree
peri od
patterns
Amer i can   Col oni al
and col o rs of I ndi a Persi a andChina The
ori ginal s or good copies of them were
usual l y imorted fromE g and
Thecol o rs i n co nusewereof a pi ece
wth the sol i d sturdy fu rni tu re   They sel dom
escapedfromhe
r ed gold and nat ural gray Theonl y excep
t i ons were imorted fabr i cs
and the occa
si onal hard br i l l i anceof theChi nese
porcelai n
ever l uxury therewas at t hi s tim expressed
i tsel f i n text i l es and sil ver rather than i n
fu rni tu re   Sett l ers i n the South manyof
them
dardof comort than those i n theNorth
they
imorted ost of thei r fu rni tu re and fabr i cs
fromEng and and conti nued to do so f or a
l ong
tim
Ear l y Co l o ni al f ur ni t ur e takenas awhole  
sturdy
but not subtl e   Furni ture patt erns i n
t h i s country changed sl owy Panel i ng r e
l i eved the l arger
f l t
f urt her decorated by qui te
elaborate f retted
xass andwought i ronhardware  see Fi g
or e c ar e f ul l y embel l i shed than the ear-
i e st Ameri can f u r ni t u r e were the pieces
mportedbythecol ni sts fromt h ei r vari ous
i omel ands Thesepi eces and
the
memor i es
>f others l e f t behi nd l at e r servedas model s
or Ameri can craftsmen hedomnant i n-
l uence w s Dutch f or the Eng i sh had a
l ol l ander Wl l i amof Oange as king   He and
t i s queen Mary gave t h ei r n ms t o a s t y l e
  f whi chel aboratestretchers  pa r t i cul a r l y on
i i ghboys l owboys and occasi ona t abl e s
and s cr ol l ed l e gs are  mong the most ob-
r i o us c ha r ac t e r i s t i c s  
A sofromDutch Span sh andPort uguese
i ources are deri ved most of thecarvedf eet
 
1 8th Centur y Amer i can   Col oni al
THE EXTE111011
The archi tectural
detail s shown
i n t he f i v e panel s at
ri ght are char-
ac t er i s t i c o f the
I j ack, , round f or M l t
Cent ury Col oni al decorati on .
As one
of t he f i n e s t houses of t he
peri od t i c v
have pi ctured ha t r ight
` V r s t o v r r
-
the great r nansLon erected 11 y Nk i l l i a l n
 
Vi rg ini a .
  Topi cal of t hi s peri od are the bri ck
wal l s and cl drnnrys, t he stone or
whi te pai nted bri ck t r i n e . I n the Nori l t
wood was i n more comnwn
use
than
brick f or t he e xt e r i o r , and t he i nteri or
wooden t r i t e was f i nny detai l ed
THE LIVI G . 1101 111
The f ur ni t ur e, f al n i cs and
ac -
cessori rs shown i n f i t , , - panel s are
al l sui tabl e t o t he
l iv ing roomand
t h e y - are al l topi cal of t he 18111
Cen-
tury Col oni al s t o l e .
T l t e i n t er i or pi ctured at r i g ht
i s
a f i n e Col oni al l i i ng
rooun
careful l y
.
t he col wnns
an ] f i r e p l a ce whi te . Red and gr een
are domnant i n the Or i ent al r u g ,
i
.
t he
. So t he sofa
i s ul dudsi rr ed i n ~i ri ped
s a t i n . the
\
vncti an
br ocade,
t he wng Chai r i n a f i t i n t c d l i nen .
The
.
Anot her c o l , , t scheme t n i g l r t
l i e
gray wa l l s , oyster whi te c ol -
l unns
.
 
 
carpet, dark
i n
t he
portrait . There
sofa .
gr een r ep on t l i v wi ng   h ai r , and gol d
damask f or t h~ ; m l e h ai r .
Whereas f u rni tu re of t he
Earl y Col oni al
 
f romEurope The  Pennsyl vani a f i repl ace Batty
Langl ey, andWl l i amPai n, who n turn
was
 
 
were i n debt t o the I ta l ian msters Pal l adi o
 
j amn
 
succeedi ng era
 
 
the cen ers of taste The furni shi ngs
refl ect
seaboard  
 
the fashi onab e
 
 
Bri n-
 
Wrham J ohn
NewEngland farm or
 
Brown Beml ey Wel l s Thoms and Ben-
 
 
 
 
men andworker s i n mtal and ood
 
enmn J oseph Cox
 
R chard Mundy Peter
was
the
 
 
wereWl l i am
Cof f i n, Wl k ins, J oseph Liddel l ,
Ameri can cabi netmki ng  mnwere greatl y
i nfl uenced by the Engl i sh
 
Wl l i am Bradf ord, J ohn Bassett and Peter
 
Robert
t r y was begun by 1763
Before thi s i t was
 
Morri s brahamSwan
 
Re s i d e nt i a l Spaces
PERI O FURN TURE
1 8t h C e n t u r y Ame r i c a n C o l o n i a l
DNI NG  M
The fu rni tu re and fabr i c s
shown i n t he f i v e panel s at r i gh t
woul d l ook wel l i n any di ni ng
room but f o r your gui dance i n t he
s e l e c t i o n of materi al s and col ors
we i l l u s t r a t e a t r i gh t a f i n e Col o-
n i a l di ni ng roomas i t m ght have
appeared i n t he 18th Centur y  
The
pine-panel l ed wal l s ar e
col ored a l i ght ocher, t h e ni ches
Chi nese
r ed  
bl ue  
i nate
i n
green,
t r a i t
over t he f i repl ace  Tabl e and
c hai r s ar e of wal nut, t he si deboard
o f mahogany
woul d
l i e
l i g h t blue-gray wal l s w h
cream
would
be
oyster whi t e s i l k , t he Ori ental r ug
havi nga greeni sh t an background  
3LI ROO
1n t he bedroom at r i g h t ,
choi ce o f col or
and textures was
o f
eled wal l s
g r ay
ocher Curt ai ns
Furni ture i s
bed, whi ch has
a yel l ow t a f f e t a
spread   Fi res i de
chair s ar c covered
i n cr i mson dam
as k s i d e chair s i n turkey
wor k .
woul d he  
oyster whi t e
mol di ngs   The a i l i n g
would
be cream t he c ar pet s o l i d
t aupe,
damask
whi t e
moi r c spr ead and bl ue v at
ante The s i de c hai r s woul d t i c
uphol st ered
wng chair i n turkev work  
Ramage, J ames P e al e , and Charl es
W l son
  I mport ant manuf acturer s were, o f
wa l l p a pe r , J ackson o f Battersea Engl and
a nd , o f wndow
and bo t t l e g l a ss , Baron
S t i e ge l and Caspar Wst ar
F a br i c s
mos t commonl y used du r i n g t h e
C o l o n i a l p e r i o d were damas k, cambl et , I n-
d i a n gi mp and
b i n di n g, mor een   wool en
drapery c l o t h ) , harrateen c l o t h , b l o c k - p r i n t ed
cotton and l i n en , cas hmer e, c a l i c o , d i m t y ,
durance, stout wor st ed c l o t h , turkey wor k
  t u f t e d   p i l e l i k e ) , paduasoy   s t r o n g s i l k s o y ,
s h a l l o o n , wat chet , l i n s ey - wo o l s e y , f u s t i a n ,
s i l k mu s l i n , c h i n t z , I ndi a n c a l i c o , t abby , s ar -
c a n e t , t a f f e t a , h o r s eh ai r , camak, bancours,
and br ocade  
Woods mos t commonl y used wer e o a k ,
a s h , el m r ed c e d a r , mahogany, wal nut , ma
p i e , p i n e , and cherry
The Chi ppendal e s t y l e mer ges at one end
w t h
Queen Anne, a t t he ot her w i t h Hep-
pl ewhi t e, Sher aton, and Duncan Phyf e   Th
Rococo mount s t o i t s z e n i t h and s t a r t s t o
decl i ne wi t h i n these years   Wal nut has a new
r i v a l
i n mahogany AndAmer i can cr af t smen
pr oduced pi eces o f
a q u a l i t y
whi ch compar es
w t h Engl i shwork
 
Marblew s i mported u nt i l after theRevo-
l ut i on hen domesti c marbles began to be
used Marbl echi mneypieces ndowsash
l ead roofi ng andhardwarewere   l l i mported
from London  he s i ze of gl ass wndow
panes gradual l y i ncreased as the century
progressed
An order of smal l pi l asters or col umns
support i ng the mantel i n a chi mneypi ece
w s foundonl y i n i mportedwork pri or t o the
Revoluti on Fi repl ace open ngs wth nei ther
corn cenormantel shel f were l ongcommn
Ears on thearchi traves were almost uni ver
s l anda pedi ment  alwaysbroken w svery
co n
s im l ar treatment of the
archi t rave occurs
Resi denti al Spaces
 
 
i t s
suave and
el egant i n the furni ture of Duncan Phyfe a
Scotch cabinetmker
whoarr i ved i n New
York about 1795 He di d not ori gi nate a s tyl e ;
he transl ated prevail i ng fashions
i nt o f i ne
craftsmnshi p Thomas Sheraton then the
cu rent  ngl i shfavori te and the
French D
rectoir e cabi netmkers set the s tyl e   All
these designers wer eprofoundl y
i nf l uenced
G eece and I t a l y  
Reeding of
table chai r and sofa l egs and
other f ramng embers gives el egance to
Federal fu rni tu re Contrasti ngcol or veneer i s
used to outl i ne theedgesof tabl es anddesks
and to l end i nterest to l arge
pl ai n surfaces
T  s
i s a f i n e Feder al i n t er i or i n   t ozi gi nal condi ti on   The
wal l s and woodwork are pai nted pi stachi o green   The curt ai ns
are of I e i g e t he sof a uphol st ered i n red and gol d
  ; o l d damsk   s used f or t he armchai r s yel l ow damsk f or t he
vi de chai rs The Ori ent al
r ug
i s
wi ne
r ed
f urnit ure
An alt ernate scherne
woul d have l i ght gr ay bl ue
wal l s and
woodwork
The draperi es woul d be yel l ow damask the chai rs up
hol stered i n green damsk The furni ture and fabri cs shown i n
panel s at ri ght would al so be sui tabl e f or t he Feder al l iving room
s a typi cal mansi on of t he Feder al peri od we showMappa
T a l l i n Trenton NY   I t was started i n t he cl osi ng year s of t he
18th Cent ury a d compl et ed i n 1809   The port i co and the s impl e
pedi ment exempl i f y the prevai l i ng Cl assic trend   I n t he panel s t o t he
 
w
 
THEdi ni ng roomshown above t he wal l s are mst gray the
i chimneypi ece ochre and whi te mar bl e   The drapery and
uphol ster y are bot h cherry s i l k damask The Or i ental r ug i s
i n t ones of br own bl ue and bei ge The f urni ture i s mahogany  
An alt ernate scheme would i ncl ude   s o f t gr ay gr een
wal l s bei ge s i l k damask curt ai ns r ed damask uphol ster y  
The sconces cl ock and pi cture f r ames woul d be g i l t  
Thi s ori gi nal Feder al peri od di ni ng roomw l l gi ve you
i deas f or usi ng t he f urni ture and f abri cs shown i n t he panel s
at ri ght   Or reproducti ons of siml ar pi eces are appropri ate  
T
  t t t s bedroom
show above i typi cal of those f ound i n f i ne
j
houses
duri ng t he Federal peri od  Wal l s woodwork and
chi mneypi ece are pai nted moss gr een  
The uphol ster y i s
bei ge damask except f or yel l ow s a t i n
on t he desk chai r
 
The
r ug i s i n two t ones of burgundy w t h
a desi gn of green pi nk
and whi te   On t he wal l s ar e
engr avi ngs i n g i l t f r ames  
An al ternate col or scheme
woul d have wal l s andwood
work pai nted peach col or  
The would then be o l i v e
w t h a desi gn i n yel l ow
and pi nk   The uphol st ery woul d be
b l u e except f or r ed
sati n o t he seat of t he desk chai r   Ot her
f urni tureand f abri cs
sui tabl e f or t h i s roomare shown at ri ght
Another character i st i c subtl ety i s the rai sed
h ai r l i ne of wood, knownas acock beading,
whi ch i s used to f i n i s h of f the edges of
drawers   Phyfe used whi tewood l i n i ngs f o r
thedrawers i n hi s f urni ture i nstead of the
pi ne l i ni ngs uni versal l y empl oyed by other
Ameri can cabinetmakers of t h i s peri od
Brass ornaments  probabl y f or the most
part i mported) are used extensi vel y on
Federal pi eces   They have brass
f eet and
casters r i ng handl es and other types of
appl i ed ornament   Toward
the endof the
peri od about 1825, chi na and gl ass knobs
began t o
pul l s  
The newUni ted States was i n i t s f i r s t
throes of nati onal i sm consequentl y i t s em
bl em the eagl e appears everywhere on
transparencies i n wndows, pai ntedon f ans
in la id i n mrrors desks, kni f e boxes, and
brass work The  Spread Eagle becamea
f avor i te tavern sign  A l kinds of h i s t o r i c
scenes and patr i ot i c emblem appear as
decorati onon
cl ocks  
nd yet the C assi c i nfl uencewas even
stronger than the
and
 
and dgwood were molded
formandpaintedw th del i cate sepi a f i gures
i n C assic robes
Sil ver
  t he
l atter repl aci ng pewer al so fol lowed
C assic form I re land sent
Waterfordglass  
sati n taffeta hai rc loth toi l e de
J ouy pri nted
Wodsmost usedweremhogany,
cherry
andmpl e ; and f ru i t oods i n l ess splend d
f urnit ure Curl y mpl e often replaced the
sati nwoodused
i n
f urnit ure
ex-
clusi vel y from classi cal sources   The
acanthus l e a f the l yre the saber l eg the
l i o n s mskandpaw the bowknot, rosettes
thunderbol ts, trumets, and draperyswags
are al l to be foundon the l i s t of standard
Federal furni ture mti fs
Af ter theWr of 1812 hen the Federal
era rose to i t s zeni th of populari ty the l aurel
cornucopi a, and eagle mti fs
became es-
Phyfe streatmnt of theacanthus l eaf  
so
 
18th Century Amer i can   Feder al
th is f or thei r i dent i f i cat i on   s simpl i f i ed i nto
aseri es of roundedgroovesandri dgeswth  
rai sed t peri ng r i dge up thecenter
The l y rewasused to   l l   n the backs of
chai rs t o decorate the arm of sofas and
  s p l t apart to support mrrors on dressing
t l es  
for pedestal t l e
 
YPI AL of t he better count r y houses i n
t he second hal f of t he
18th Centur y i s t h i s
desi gn
from
AbrahamSwan s B r i t i s h Ar ch-
i t e c t one of t he many handbooks of bui l ders
desi gns whi ch at t h i s
per i od car r i ed news of archi tectural f ashi ons
f rom Engl and t o
 meri ca  t r i g ht ar e cl ose-up detai l s
of t he Georgi an background
T}   pi ne- panel ed
wal l s i n t h i s character i st i c Georgi an l i v i n
roomar e l e f t
unst ai ned  The s i l k cur tai ns ar e r i c hl y embr oi dered
i n any
col ors on a ye l l ow ground whi ch e choe s t h e g i l t f r ames
used f or
pi ctures and m r r o r s   The c r i m on uphol ster y of t he ahog
any fu rni tu re
i s gi ven added qual i ty by t he ol i v e green carpet  
An a te rna t i ve col or scheme woul dbet o have t he wa l l s pa inted
dar k
gr ay-green w t h carvi ng pi cked out
i n
carpet
woul d be t aupe t he uphol st ery
of t he
wng chai r s yel l ow
I t a l i a n
da ask   I n both col or schemes needl epoi nt and nat ur al
l eather woul d be used f or uphol st eri ng other chai rs i n
t he
i n
the h i s t o r y of Georgi an f u r n i t u r e desi gn nd
hi s n meserves as a tag
f or the
peri od i n the r e i gn of thesecondof
the three Georges
peri od
t i t l e   Yet t h i s Engl i sh cabinetmaker achi eved
emnencenot so uchby hi sownwor k as by
that of hi s copyi sts
They al l used the desi gns i n The Gen
tl eman  nd Cabi net - Makers D r e ct o r pub
l i s he d by Chippendalei n 1754 To   i l l t h i s book
Chippendalecomm ndeered   the i deas he
coul d l a y hi s hands on and thenembroi dered
them
wth
own form   He pl undered the desi gn man
ual s of Chinaand theFrench
rococo
of the
anci ent Gothi c masters andof hi s i mmedi ate
predecessors i n theEngl i shf u r ni t u r e trad
Resi dent i al Spaces
PERI ODFURNITURE
Fromthecraftsmenof the e ar l y eighteenth
century
Chippendale
borrowed
such tested
form as the c ab r i ol e l eg thecl awand bal l
foot and thetypica l
charmof
whi ch the e ar l i e r f u r n i t ure makers
had never been capabl e
 hom sChippendale
w sa typi ca l product
of that b r i l l i a nt Engl i sh society
whi ch f l our -
i shed duri ng the
md eighteenth century He
Re s i d en t i a l Spaces
PERI O FURN TURE
1 8 t h C en t u r y E ng l l s h   Geo r g i a n
 RE t he wal l s ar e pi ne- panel ed t he wood bei ng l ef t i t s
natural honey col or   The consol es ar e a l s o of pi ne  
But b r i l l i a n t agai nst t h i s p al e background ar e t h e r e d damask
curt ains and t he mahogany f u r ni t u r e w t h i t s r ed and y e l -
l ows t r i pe s i l k uphol st ery  
Al ternat i vel y t he wal l s
mght be pai nt ed l i g h t bl ue
as a backgr ound f or yel l o w brocade c ur t a i n s  
Themahogany
tabl e and chair s stand on an Or i ent al r ug whi ch repeats
col ors f ound i n t he ne edl e po i n t up ho l s t e r y  
I n
at
ri ght i s f ur ni t ur e s ui t a bl e f o r a roomo f t hi s s t yl e
Cf ARACrERt s r I C o f t he Geor gi an
p er i o d ar e t h e r i c h l y em
broi dered Chi nese
s i l k draper i es and t he del i c at e l y
f r e t t e d four-poster
bed i n t h i s room The domnant tone i s
yel l ow agai nst
whi ch i s posed green uphol st ery w t h a
gun- met al carpet f or
base putty wa l l s f or background
Al t e r nat i v el y t h e wal l s c o ul d
bepa l e green
br own t he
upho l s t e r y bl ue - gr e e n and yel l ow t h e c e i l i n g
p al e
apr i cot   I n t he panel s at ri ght ar e ot her pi ec es s ui t a bl o
f o r
a roomo f t h i s type   Modern reproduct i ons
of such authen-
t i c pi eces
ar e avai l abl e i n good f u r ni t u r e
stores
was a cont empor ar y of J o s i a h Wedgwood
t he p o t t e r and o f Edmund B u r k e t he o r a t o r
Boswel l and J ohnson Benj amn F r a n k l i n
G a r r i c k G bbon and Gol dsmt h a l l added
t h e i r w t and i n t e l l i g e n c e t o t he c r e a t i o n o f a
sturdy c u l t u r e  
Tho as Chi ppendal e served t h e i r chang-
i n g t a s t e and t h e i r f ashi onabl e whim  n h i s
l a t e r
years he was engaged i n maki ng f u r -
n i t u r e of c l a s s i c el egant s i mp l i c i t y f o r t he
brothers
t o h i s own
d e s i g n s h i s l o ve o f g i l t and gaudy c o l o r h i s
f a s c i n a t i o n wi t h t he e xo t i c   a l l t y p i c a l of t he
age i n whi ch he l i v e d   suggest t h a t he mght
have madeab r i l l i a n t stage desi gner  
Chi ppendal e i s
t he f i r s t p er s o na l i t y i n t he
h i s t o r y o f f u r n i t u r e s t y l e   T h i s wasdue l e s s t o
h i s f i n e craf t smanshi p t han t o h i s a b i l i t y as a
p u b l i c i s t He was t he f i r s t cabi net maker t o
p u b l i s h a book of f u r n i t u r e desi gns   The
i n f l u e n c e of h i s D i r e c t o r was p a r t i c u l a r l y
strong i n P h i l a d e l p h i a but t he Amer i can
cabi net makers u s u a l l y s i mp l i f i e d h i s exuber -
 
  8th Century Engli sh Georgi an
thei r orkers s k l l  n carvi ng For   must be
remmbered that
desi gnswere toocoml ex f or reproducti on
 n the sol i d evenby the mst hi ghl y ski l l ed
Eng i shca vers   Suchdesi gnswere i ntended
f o r i nspi r at i on onl y
The i ntr oducti on of mhogany about 1725
was a fundamntal i nf l uence on f u rni tu re
desi gn Rosewoodwas another mater i al  n
f avor i ne
panel i ngandal s o f or
i ntr i cate carv ng as f or examle on mrror
f rams   I n the l atter case   was usual l y   l t
mboynawasoccasi onal l y used mstl y f or
i nl ays But theconsi derab e useof i nl ay  s not
foundunti l the l ate Georg anperi od
FromChinacom the rectangul ar l eg
and
an in f in i te vari ety of f retted ornamnt aswel l
as the mre obvi ousl y  ri ental pagoda
form  FromtheFranceof Lou s XVcomthe
el aborate comi nati ons of fo l i ated  andS
scro l l s so typi cal of the rococo styl e of
ornamnt   Thesecamtoal ush f l oweri ng  n
f u rni tu re hardware and   l t mrror f rams  
Serpenti ne f ronts and si des broke down
 
Re s i d e nt i a l Spaces
PERI O URN TUR
181h C e n t u r y E n g l i s h   Ge o r g i a n
even s o l i d
r e c t a n gu l a r f orms o f such
t r a d i t i o n a l l y f our square pi eces as chests of
drawer s and t a bl e s   F or t y p i c a l
p r o f i l e s and
decorat i ve mo t i f s see F i g  
Romancews sought   n t h e p a s t a s we l l as
the as t
; t he poi nted Gothi c a r c h and b u r
geoni ng crockets t u r n up   n   l l ki nds of
 
Tae exter i or of l t er Geor gi an
house such as t he one
shown
above
creampai nt ed stucco
w t h
st one t r i m The Cl assic d e t i l was i n
carved st one or mol ded stucco
 
ri ght are detai l s of t he
 
bound w t h gol d and green
brocade up-
s o f
br i l l i n t l y
agai nst t he Fr ench
whi t e
ot her chai rs
sofa  
Al l these col ors are r epeat ed i n t he
r ug   The dark br wn r ed
of
doors and f urni tu re   Some of t he
smal l er pi eces ar e i nl ai d w t h sat i nwood  
A te rnat i vel y t he wal l s
m ght
pi nk w t h whi t e mol d-
i ngs   Uphol st ery woul d be
bl ue gr een except f or t he chai r s by t he
f i r e i n l emon yel l ow brocade and the sofa i n
gol d sat i n  
Chi ppendal e
went f or i nspi r a t i o n
t o Chi -
the
pei i and Hercul aneum
and by the s l impret-
t i ness i n
vogueat the French
Themoti fs most
characte r i s t i c of the l ater
Georgian
are   l l of C assi c
o r i g i n acanthus l eaf
and honeysuckl e,
l i o n l aure l and
garl and
Characte r i s t i c of t h i s peri od i s
the perfect
and
four Ada
and
Resi dent i al
Geor gi an
b i r t h
archi t ec t s by professi on They d d
not
an end henthey had
det ai l of
f urni sh ing
decoration, and l i ght i ng was es-
peci al l y desi gned by the Adam t o
give a
unimportant
t o deserve t h ei r attenti on The
best
empl oyed to
Heppl ewhi te, perhaps Sheraton al so
ade
f u r ni t u r e f or the
da
Chi ppen-
T 11
pal e bl ur- green wal l s
are rel i eved by g r i s a i l l e pai nt-
i ngs
i n
del i cate
Cl assic t a s t e   ol d appear s i n the l eather
chai r
t he
m r r o r above t he consol es and i n t he
bi ndi ng of
t he whi te curt ai ns   reen and bei ge enl i ven t he
carpet
and
pai nted cei l i ng desi gn  
Al ternati vel y the wal l pai nti ngs mght bebri ghter and
more vari ed i n c ol o r i ncl udi ng Napl es yel l ow i nauve and
gr een  Curtai ns and chai r seats would be cherry t he cei l i ng
pai nti ng ci nnamon brown and whi te  
PALE col ors are dom nant
here The sofa pai nted oyster
whi te i s upholst ered
i n appl e green sati n   The nal i ogan
l i e d i s covered
i n whi te t a f f e t a tri mmed w t h appl e green  
and t he
ci nnamon
damask  
Curtai ns ar e whi te s i l k
gol d- t r i mmed
Al ternati vel y t he color scheme
mght he hased on gol d
and
whi te w t h bl ue gr een s i l k
on t he bed and yel l ow s a t i n
uphol stery on t he armchai r
f or contrast   I n t he panel s t o
t he
authenti c pi eces which mght I t
used i n a Geor gi an bcdr oonn
such as t hi s  
dal e s l ead by publ i shi ng desi gn handbooks
f or theuseof other l ess experi encedandl ess
i magi nati ve
craftsmen i n t h i s country and i n
theEngl i sh provi nces outsi de London   Here
i s seen the changi ng fashi on l owboys re
bei ng suppl anted by dressi ng tables high
boys by wardrobes  Color and i nl ay become
mor e popul ar than carvi ng w th Sheratonas
thechampi on of i nl ay against pai nt i ng
Heppl ewhite s work i s usual l y charac-
ter i zed byhi s af f ec t i on f or curves Sheraton s
by a preference f or s tr ai g ht l i nes This was
probabl y because Heppl ewhi te was mor e
strongl y i nf l uenced than Sheraton by con-
temporary French work which was
enl i vened bya
profusi on of del i cate curves
O part i cul ar i nterest i n Sheraton s work are
hi s desi gns
for i ngeni ous fol di ng and mul ti -
purpose f ur ni t u r e such as f o l di ng beds com
bi ned bookcases and washstand and
couches that fol ded up t o become tabl es  
These
i n
those bed
rooms whi ch were nowdoubl i ng as par l ors
duri ng the
day
Thi s l ater Georgi an peri od has often been
l abel ed theAgeof Sati nwood
Al l the desi gn-
 
neeri ng and i nl ay wthwoodssuch as
sati n-
oodandamboyna, ebony,
ki ngwood, and l i me   I vory and brass
i nl ay
these mti fs   t he acanthus l e a f
f or examl e had been i n use by
Engl i sh
now reintroduced from I t a l y by mans
of
masured
elegance
i n  
  to provide
Kauf
mnn, a Swss, f i l l e d thei r
wreathed panel s
neo-Cl assi c f i gures
Yet the so l i d tradi t i on of Engl i sh crafts-
mnshi p remined i ntact beneath
al l these
changi ng fashi ons T e basi c proporti ons
remi n almost i nvi ol ate  
Hepplewhi te at-
temted   i n hi s ownwords to uni te ele-
gance wth u t i l i t y and t o b end
the useful
wth theagreeabe
P RO FURNTUR
 
t t e typical
Di rec toi re chat eau shows French Renai ssance t radi -
t i o n
cr ossed w t h t he newer Cl assi c vogue   The center panel of
t h i s f acade i s
o f s t one t he r emai nder i n two shades of pai nt ed
stucco,
such gay
col o rs as sal mon, t an and bl ue  
CHARACTER STI CALLY pal e r ange of col ors keeps t h i s
roomi n
per i od   The wal l s ar e a pi nki sh gr ay, t he doors gr ay
and gol d  
The curt ai ns ar e oyster whi t e bound i n gr ay and t he rug p redom-
nant l y whi t e except f or gr een and gol d i n t he center   Green recurs
i n t he uphol ster y of t he armhai r , s ide chair s and sofa, and gol d
 sat i n) i t he sof a and mer i di enne by t he f i r e pl a ce  
For added color t he f i r e s i d e pi eces
mght be uphol st ered i n
r ed s a t i n t he ot her
urni ture i n gol d
and bl ue st r i ped s a t i n   I n
panel s at r i ght ar e ot her
pi eces
sui tabl e f or such a room
 he Di r e ct o i r e was France s recovery pe-
r i o d a f te r the shockof
a s i x -year revoluti on 
he Di rec to i r e , establ i shed i n 1795 l asted
onl y a br i e f f our years but
t hi s was l ong
enough f or th designers to sketch i n
the
outl i neswere
to be f i l l e d i n l a t er as Di r e ct o i r e merged i nt o
Empi re  thesearebut
st y l e
the Napol eon absol ute
power the del i c at e st yl e of the
Di r e ct o i r e
wastaken
of theState   t wastobe ade i nt o a
French
nati onal s t yl e
thoroughl y i mbued wth the
po l i t i c al pr i nc i p l e s whi ch were to
guide the
provi de the
i mpressi veness requi red i n the
Resi dent i al
D rec t ol r e andEmpi r e
prototype, so al l the I mperi al symbol s were
convertedtouse Thesymmetri cal
un
of being
ost p eces di sp ayed l a rge
surfaces of
hi ghl y pol i shed wood usual l y
mahogany
carving
i nl ai d
  Most t y pi c al l y i t tooktheformof
gi l ded
bas r e l i e f s tacked t o
smooth ood sur-
Re s i d e nt i a l Spaces
PERI O FURN TURE
L a t e   8 t h - E a r l y 1 9 t h Ce nt u r y F r e nc h D i r e c t o i r e an d Emp i r e
T t e r i c h
brown o f pol i shed mahogany i n t h i s tabl e
i s
sur r ounded
by chair s pai nt ed gol d and whi t e, uphol -
stered
i n bl ue s at i n   The wal l s ar e
pai nt ed oyster whi l e
pi cked out
wi t h yel l ow mol di ngs   bove
t he
Cl ass i c f i g u r e
pai nt i ngs wi t h a l i l ue
background whi ch i s
echoed
 
Al t e r nat i vel y t h e wal l s mght
be pai nt e d gr e en wi t h
t h e c or ni c e
pi cked out i n wh i t e and go l d
The chair s would
be uphol st ered i n r ed   Ot her
pi eces sui table f o r a room
of t h i s
 
decorat ed i n
wh i t e a d gol d provi de a good
backgr ound
f or t h i s t nal u) gany
and r osewood furni ture
rel i eved
wi t h br as s mount s  
Fabr i cs ar e ga yl y c ol or e d here  
bl ue
t a f f e t a f or curt ai ns
and b el l canopy, s t r i ped ye l l ow
and
r ed s a t i n f or t he
chair s, and y el l o w
s at i n f or t he two
s t o o l s
  whi ch have
 
would hav e dar k bei ge
wall s, green
t a f f e t a f or t he curt ai ns
and bed canopy   Most
o f t h e f ur ni t ur e
woul d be pai nt ed
whit e and g ol d   At r i ght
ar e O her
pi eces and fabr i cs sui tabl e
f or t h i s t ype o f room
f aces Pai nted decorati on was
more com
monl y
used on wa l l s and c e i l i n g s t han f o r
f u r n i t u r e  
Thegener al
c o l o r scheme i s r i c h d a r k , and
somewhat heavy Ri ch deep mahogany,
Fr ench poli shed and of t en stai ned r e d , was
t he f a v o r i t e ma t e r i a l Rosewood
and ebony
were a l s o i n f a v o r   Where other woodswere
used, t h e i r nat ur e was conceal ed by s t a i n i n g
t o i m t a t e t he mor e popul ar speci es
Round t a b l e s were popul ar   They u s u a l l y
stood on a pedest al o r t r i p o d
vase   The t op
was
comonl y o f por phyry o r mar bl e Beds
devel oped i n t o C l a s s i c
cer emoni al couches
wi t h
s c r o l l e d ends The popul ar craze f o r a l l
t h i n g s Romanext ended
t o i ncl ude women s
dresses and L u cu l l a n banquet s  
I n t he e a r l y
  Di r e c t o i r e ) pa r t o f t he p e r i o d
f a b r i c s wer e qui t e de l i c at e l y c o l o r e d,
t he
s t i l l possessed some Gr e -
c i a n d el i c a c y o f form and uch o f t he
f u r n i t u r e
was pai nt ed and g i l t   L a t e r , under
Napol eon s f i s t f a b r i c s wer e u s u a l l y i n deep
pri mar y
c o l o r s , t he mo t i f s o f I mp er i a l Roman
heaviness , t he
f u r n i t u r e o f dark r e d po l i s hed
mahogany
campai gns he br ought
home somenewdecor ati ve moti f whi ch
he
woul d t u r n
over t o h i s cr af t smen f o r use i n
 
Spaces
P RIO FURNTUR
L a t e 1 8t h   E a r l y 1 9 t h C e n t u r y F r e n c h   D i r e c t o i r e a nd Emp i r e
The Egypt i an campai gn y i e lded an i m
p r e s s i v e c o l l e c t i o n o f sphi nxes pyramds
o b e l i s k s
and
l o t u s l e a f c a p i t a l s rom I t a l y
came a l l t he paraphernal i a o f I mp e r i a l Roman
d e c o r a t i o n acant hus l e av es l a u r e l wr eat hs
t o r c h e s wi nged v i c t o r i e s cornucopi as and
t he r e s t
i n c l u d i n g t he f amous wr eath o f bees
Napol eon i s u s u a l l y accused o f havi ng appro
p r i a t e d f r om
t he ar ms o f a n o l d I t a l i a n f a m l y
t he Ba r b e r i n i  
he e a r l y Empi r e pi eces I D i r e c t o i r e ar e
s i mpl i f i e d versi ons o f t he s t y l e s current u n-
der L o u i s XVI  
hese pi eces have g r a c e
s i mp l i c i t y and charm  he hamper i ng r e-
s t r i c t i o n s on f o r e i g n t r ade l e d t o t he use o f
 
P RI O URN TUR
 
P RI O URN TUR
 
P RIO URNTUR
 
P RO FURNTUR
 
 
P RIO FURNTUR
t h
 
P RIO FURNTUR
 
Queen nn
l e t h
 
P RIO
FURNTUR
1 8 t h C e nt u r y E n g l i s h   L a t e
 eorgi an   Heppi ewh i t e
 
 
PEROD URNTUR
 
18th Centur y Engl i sh : Late Georgi an   Brothers
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TABLE  Peri od Styl e and Fi ni shes
Peri od
styl e
Tudor
QueenAnne
Spani sh Renai ssance
Larger pi eces of
tabl eor Wndsor chai r
Chi ppendal e
tabl eor Wndsor chai r
Chinese
D r ect o i r e
Lou s XI V XV andXV Al l late Georgi an styl es
  or 2 pi ecesof D r ect o i r e
Spani sh Renai ssance
Earl yCol oni al
I tal i an Renai ssance
Earl y Engl i sh
Lou s X V
Wl l i am Mary
QueenAnne wng chai r
18th-century
QueenAnne
Parquetry cei l i ngs
Papered
Hung w th
Pai nted
Cei l i ngs same or beamd
Oakpanel s
Parquetrycei l i ngs
Wal l paper sceni cand
Chi nese
desi gns
Pai nted sol i d co l o r s
str i ped f i gured
P l a i n papers
Comb nati ons of above
Smooth pl aster
geometri c desi gns
s t r i ps and planks on
f l o o r i ng
Stone
Parquetry
Parquetry
Parquetry
and decorated
moti fs
Ti l es
planks
Dark hardwood f l o o r i ng
Vi nyl s i n pl ai nor j aspe
patterns
Hardwood
Parquetry
Hardwood f l o o r i ng
Parquetry
Fl oor
coveri ngs
patterneddomest i c rugs
Pl ai n rugs
patterneddomest i c rugs
Pl ai n rugs
rugs or carpets
Pl ai nor
smal l -patterned
rugs or carpets
Pl ai nor smal l -patterned
rugs or carpets
Braidedor hooked rugs
Or i ental
patterned
Carpet
Rugs i n sol i d co l o r s
geometri c patt erns
Carpet
 
FURNTUR M NSIONS
 
and  rm  hai r s
 
Bed/Matt r ess Types and Sizes
Fi gure 1 provi des the desi gner w th an
array of typi cal bedandmattress si zes wth
whichroom can be pl anned Tables 1 and2
however suggest t hat wt hi n the beddi ng
and mattress i ndustr i es there exi sts a wde
range of si zes fromwhi ch t o sel ect   any
manufacturers use bed/mattress term
nol ogy t hat r ef l ect s di f f er e nt di mensi onal
standards than that of other manufacturers 
Ul ti mately thedesi gner i n consul tat i onwth
thecli ent must ver i f y exact measurements  
Be sure to take your c l i ent s to see and test
thebed or mattress sel ected Af ter a l l , they
are theoneswhowi l l havetosl eepon  
TABLE1
Adul t Matt r ess Types andSiz es
Mattress type
Bassi net
Youth
bed
Bunk
bed
doubl e bed
Super t wi n
P i l l o w type
Standard
Queen
King
26
29
35
27
3
36
Note Many manufacturers al so make sel l undersi zedpi l l o ws
f or
cr i bs andyouthbeds as wel l as oversi zedpi l o ws f or the l arger
beds
FURNTUR M NSIONS
 
 
basedon thesize of thei magetobe vi ewed
The humneye comprehends detai l onl y
w t hi n a l i m t e d cone angle  about 2 1 / 2 mn-
utes of arc andthe l ength of chordsubtend-
i ng th i s arc . e   the i mage of wdth, var i es
wth i t s d stance fromtheobserver  
Thus
an
20 f eet away and6feet l ong appears
thesame asas im l a r obj ect 10f eet away
and
l ong  The s i ze of the vi ewngarea  
determned by three
di mensi ons
d stance fromthenearest part of the
i mage
0 themxi umd stance   2) , which i s
the
mhemximumviewngangl e  3) , which i s
the angl e between
axi s and
the l i n e of si ght of aperson l ocated as f ar
fromt h i s axi s as canbe
ands t i l l seeal l i mage
detai l i n proper b r i l l i ance
Pract i cal
i mage
mdiu bei ng usedandwth the type and
qual i ty of mater i al
bei ng
proj ected
preferences   They have not yet been pre-
c i s el y determned by s c i e n t i f i c methods, and
i t s doubtful that such data woul dhavemuch
pract i cal val ue anyway The genera l y ac
cepted val ues resul t i ng from numerous
studi es are these
Resi denti al Spaces
 
WASSLYCHAIR
DESGNER
D ENS S
MR CHAIR
LC1
ENS S
LC9LOUNECHAIR
DESGNER
D ENS S
MENS S
KUBUS
CHAIR
ESGNER
Joseph
Hoffmn
x 28 /2 H
AY CHAIR
ES ER
ENSONS
 
BARCEL NASTOOL
DESI NER
MesVanDer Rohe
YEAR 1929
D ENSIONS
CHAISE LOUNGE
DESI NER
Mes Van
Der Rohe
YEAR 1931
ZIGZAGCHAIR
YEAR 1934
D ENSIONS
CESCAARMCHAI R
ESI NER
Marcel Breuer
MENSIONS
BRNOARMCHAIR
D ENSIONS
3 W
BARCELONACHAIR
MENSIONS
 
2 t h
Centur y Cl a s si c C ha i r s
MOLDED
FIBERGLASCHAIR
DESIGNER
x 31 H
YEAR 1952
D ENSIONS :
LOUNGE
CHAIR
DESIGNER
DMENSIONS
x 33 / 2 H
DMENSIONS :
BARRELCHAIR
DESIGNER
M NUF CTURER
Ate l i er I nt e r nat i onal
D ENSIONS
MOLDEDPLY OOD
DMENSIONS :
21 h Wx 19  / 4 D x 9 / 8 H
CHAIR
DESIGNER
DMENSIONS
 
LOUNGECHA R
D ENSIONS
TUBOCHA R
D ENSIONS
x 38 / 2-4V
YEAR 1979
D ENSIONS
ALUMNUMGROUPCHA R
DESI ER
D ENSIONS
SHERR FF CHA R
MENSI S
30 h H
NOTHNGCONTI NUES
DMENSIONS
OUEENE
ANNECHA
D ENSI NS
38 / 2 H
YEAR 1986
OTT MAN
DESI NER
YEAR 1986
EDARCHER
CHAR
ESIGNER
YEAR 1987
MENSI
/ 2 H
x 35 / 2 H
FURNTUR M NSIONS
 
 
 
FURNTUR M NSIONS
 
FURNTUR M NSIONS
 
F ur n i t u r e Arr angements
The
s i ze
of l i v i ng room andthe f urnit ure
arrangemnts containedwthi n suchspaces
the s i ze of
the dwel l i ng the economc status and l i f e
s tyl e
the user andthe relat i onshi p of the
roomt o other areas of the dwel l i ng Wth
regard t o the l uxury end of the scal e there
are few i mt at i ons andnoattemt has been
ade to i dent i fy the end ess pl ann ng op-
t i ons possibl e   There are however, mni um
requi remnts and basi c pl ann ng consi dera-
t i ons that areappl i cabl e whatever thes i ze of
thespace
A iving roomf or a three- or f our- bedroom
dwel l i ng uni t
requi res
occupants thanone f or a one- or two-bed-
roomdwel l i ng uni t   Luxury uni ts wi l l neces-
sar i l y need ore space t o accommdate
more furni shi ngs   I n any case the mni um
l i vi ng roomwth nodi ni ng f ac i l i t i es shou dbe
approximtely 180 f t but preferabl y around
  f t Fi gures   and   showtwo
l i v i ng
room wth typi cal f urni ture groupin s no
di ni ng faci l i t ies
Figure3shows a l i v i ng roomwth oneend
used
area
of ten i s arranged i n
an  L shape t o achi evegreater def i ni t i on or
pri vacy
f romthe l i v i ng act iv i t i es   Dwel l i ng
uni ts wth three or ore bedroo shou d
have separate di ni ngroomor clear l ydefi ned
di ni ng areas 
shou d
be 11-12 f t Thi s i s extreml y ti ght however,
and
i
l east 14   t  
Plann ngconsi derati ons
quate
f l oo r and wal l space f or f urni ture
groupi ngs, separati on of traff i cways
f rom
centers of acti vit y and ease of access t o
f urni ture andwndows
Ci rcul at i onwthi n thel i v ing roomshou dbe
as di rect as possi bl e and
yet not i nterf ere
furn ture pl acemnt I deal l y there
sh u dbenothrough
t ra f f i c such t r af f i c i s
necessary, i t shou dbe at oneend, w th the
remi n ngport i on of
theroo a  dead-end
activi ti es people tend t o
gather or congregate i n re lat i vel y sml l
groups Desi rab e conversati on
d stance i s
al so relatively smal l approximtely 1 f t i n
d amter
the l i vi ng rooms comi nedwth the
di ni ng area the di ni ng area shou dbe of f set
i n to
an
alcove or be cl ear l y i dent i f i ed as an
enti ty i n i tse l f  
 
 
Figures 5to 10showvari ous groupi ngsand
r el ated cl earances Fi gure 5 shows t hat a
space 12 6 x 15 6 shoul d be provi ded  
order t o accommdat seati ng f or f i v e
around a 56 i n d ameter c oc kt ai l t abl e
The
shown  Fi g 6 requi res a spaceat
l east 11 0
x 16 0 Fi gure 7 suggests t hat a space at
l east 12 9 x13 3 s requi red t o accomm
dateagrouping toseat  or 7 persons whi l e
Fi g 8 i ndi cates t hat a corner
arrangement f or
tworequi resa space at l east 6 3 x6 6
Wen pl anni ng f u r n i t u r e
arrangements
al l owances f or cl earances shoul d take i nto
account the human
i l lust rated   F i gs 9and10 
should be notedt hat thesed agram
are
not i ntended as model s f or compl ete l i v i ng
room l ayouts They are i ntended
onl y as
gui del i nes to i l l u s t ra te mnimuml earances
f or prel i mnary pl anni ng purposes  
 
L V N R S
 
 edi a   abi net Detail s
Fi g   Wrki ng drawngs
of a
mdi a cabinet i ncl udi ng plans elevati ons and secti ons of t he i ns t al l a t i on   The design of thecabinet should take i nto account the
actual e lect ron ic and other equi pmnt to be
housed and the clearances i nvoved f or operati on Power out l e ts should be coordi nated and l ocatedso as t o conceal
unsi ghtl ywres and
Medi a  abi net  et a i l s
 
 
 
 esi denti al  paces
L VN R S
 
Secti ons and et a i l s
 
Fi gure   3 shows pl an and el evati ons of
modf i cati ons t o an exi st i ng f i repl ace  
Based
surement of
the desi gner s approva Si nce at l east
two
trades are i nvol ved coord nati on of the
trades by the contractor and a thorough
revi ewof theshopdrawngs by bothcontrac-
tor anddesi gner are essenti al i mportant
also t hat modf i cati ons conf orm wt h  
appl i cabl ecodes heextent of hearthexten
si on themateri a sused andthed stanceof
combust i b emateri als f romthe f i r e boxare
 mng the numerous i tem governed by
codes
 
 ar el a l l s
 
 
L V N R S
 
 
 
 
 l anni ng at a   Sof as
 
 
space f or the
purpose of di ni ng  Thi s area may be com
b nedwththe l i vi ng roomor
ki tchen, or may
Cr i ter ion
The amount of space al l ocated t o di ni ng
shoul d bebasedonthe
number of persons t o
be served andthe proper c i r cul at i on space
Appropri atespace
shoul d be provi ded f or the
storage of chna and l arge di ni ng ar t i c les
eit her i n the
di ni ng area i tse l f or i n the
adj acent ki tchen
the fol l owng
si zes of tabl es and chai r s i n the di ni ng area
shoul d be provi ded
accordi ng to the
i ntendedoccupancy as shown
1 or persons
: 2   t 6i n by 2 f t 6 i n
4persons :   t 6 n by 3   t  i n
6persons
3  t 4 n by4   t   i n or 4 t  i n
round
8persons
3  t 4 n by6   t   i n or 4 t  i n
by4f t0i n
  persons: 3  t 4i n by8 t   n or4  t   i n
by6f t0i n
4 f t   i n by8 t   i n
Dning chai r s   1 f t 6i n by 1 f t 6
i n
B f fet or storageuni t : f t 6 i n by 3   t 6 i n
Figures 1 t o 6showthemnimum
equi r e-
ment s of the US Depar tment of Housi ng
andUrbanDevel opment
Comment ary
Si ze of the i ndi vi dual eati ng space on the
tabl e shoul d be basedupon a f rontage of 24
  n and an area of approximatel y 2
f t I n
t o accommdateservi ngdi shes  
Desi rabl e roomf or seati ng i s a clear 42 i n
al l around the di ni ng tabl e The
fol l owng
tabl eshoul dbe provi ded 32
i n f or chai rs pl us
access
thereto, 38 i n f or chai r s pl us access
and passage 42
i n f or serving f rombehi nd
chair , 24   n f orpassage onl y, 48 i n f romtabl e
tobase cab net   i n ki tchen
I n s i z i ng the separate di ni ng room provi -
si on should bemde f or c i r cul at i on
through
the room n addi t i on t o space f or di ni ng  
The l ocat i on of the di ni ng area i n the
ki tchen i s desir abl e for smal l houses and
smal l apartments   Thi s preference appears
to stemf romtwoneeds
  1 housekeepi ng
advantages ;   2 thedi ni ng tabl e i n the ki tchen
provi des a
meeti ngpl acef or the faml y
hereonl y one di ni ng l ocat i on i s f easi bl e,
l ocat i ng the
di ni ng tabl e i n the l i v i ng room   s
not recommnded
or 12
 hutch or buf f et   typi cal l y about 18 deep   A42 wde tabl e   commn
There i s space behi nd t he chai r s t o edge past one side andone end, andt o
wal k past on t he other si de andend Tabl e space   4 per pers on, t he
mnimml ace sett i ng zone Wtharmhai rs at theends, al l owan extra  f or
each   add 4 t o t he roomengt h
n umwdth for tabl e andchairs  
8 -8 f or 36 wde table, 3 on one s ide to r i s e f romth tabl e nd36 on t he
ot her si de t o edge past A 48 l ong tabl e seats 4 and requi res 34   t
Figures
8
and
androom
si zes f or vari ous di ni ng arrangemnts Since
these data com fromtwo
sources there
mybesli ght di spar i t i es i n suggesteddmn-
si ons f or s im l a r cond tions  
Since these
i l l u st ra t i ons are intendedony s guidel ines
f or prel i mnary plannngpurposes
eit her set
of anyd i f f e r i n gd mnsi ons canbe used
Dning spacewth benches
6 -6 f or benches on both si des of a 36 tabl e   48
l ong tabl e seats 4 and
requi res  6   t
 
f orconveni ent use
of thedi ni ng area not l ess thanthe foll owng
clearances fromtheedgeof
shoul dbeobserved
thereto
 8   n f o r chai r s pl us access andpassage
4 n f or servi ng f rombehind
ch i r
48
  n
cabnet   n
Resi denti al Spaces
DI NI NG ROOMS
Furni ture Cl earances
 NN R S
  i n i n g T ab l e s and  oom i z e s
UNDT L
T L
 
Most of the andbedroomi zes
shown
mari l y f or prel imnary pl anni ng
purposes
bui l di ng codes permt roomof even
smal l er si zes, whi l e rooms i n many pri vate
ho es and
l ar ger Moreover, i n the f i nal
analysi s l i festyle,
the s ize and
scal e of furniture, the act iv i t i es
tobeaccommodated, and
are
al l fac to rs t hat shou d be taken i nto
account duri ng thedesign process
 
rooms i ze shoul dbe10 0 x12 0
excl usi veof
cl osets, whi l e the recommendedmnimum
s ize f or a l ar ger bedroomr master bedroom
shou dbe12 0 x 16 0 excl usi ve of closets
arger proporti on of the bedroom l oor
area i s occupi ed
by f u r ni t u r e than i s the case
wth any other room wndows and
doors
percentageof thewal l and
par t i t i on space Thesetwo f actors compl i -
cate the pl anni ng
of bedrooms, especi al l y
whenthe rooms aresmal l  
room wth smal l er areas bett er meet the
needs than l ar ger
ones The l ocat i on of
doors, wndows, andcl osets must be prop-
er ly planned t o al l ow
the best pl acement of
thebedandother f u r ni t u r e  
Pri vacy, both vi sual
and sound, are desi r-
abl e f or the bedroomChi l dr en s bedrooms
shou d
because conversati on i n the l iv ing room
prevents the
shou dbe usedbetween al l bedrooms wher-
ever
possi bl e  
Each chi l d needs a spacethat i s hi s or her
ownt o
develop a sense of responsi bi l i ty and
a respect f or the property ri ghts
of others  
woul d provideabedroomor
each chi l d, but si nce thi s i s not always
possi ble, there shoul dbeabedf or each
Themnimumroomwdth shall be deter -
by the space requi red f or the bed,
act i vi ty space, and any f u r ni t u r e faci ng the
bed Wdths l ess than9 0 w l l usual l yrequi re
extra area to accommodate comparable
f u r ni t u r e  
Asi de fromsl eepi ng, thebedroom s the
center of dressi ng and
undressi ng act iv i t i es  
An i nterrel at i onshi p exi sts between dress-
i ng, storage of cl othes, andthe
bedroom
I nev tabl y, i n a smal l apartment, i t i s not
only economcal but necessary to pl an the
use of
bedroomf or more than one
act i vi ty t i s essenti al t o i ncorporate i n the
bedroomother functi ons
work, or entertai nment  
accommodate
at l east onedoubl e bed 4 6 x 6 6 or two
s ingl e beds 3 3 x 6 6 each, onec r i b 2 4 x
1 5
onechest of drawers 2 6 x1 10 , oneor two
chai rs 1 6 x 1 6 each, twonight tabl es, and
possi bl y a smal l desk or tabl e 1 6 x 3 0
Fi gures   t o 3 i l l u s t ra te three conf i gurati ons
andthe f u r ni t u r e cl earances and roomsi zes
requi red
plestorage i s essenti al Each bedroom
requi res at l east one cl othes cl oset   For
master bedrooms, at l east f i ve l i near f eet of
cl oset l ength i s needed For secondary bed-
room, at l east three l i near f eet i s needed
C othes closets requi re a clear depth of two
f eet
Each bedroomshal l have at l east one
cl oset t hat meets or exceeds the fo l owng
standards
  Depth 2 feet cl ear
2 Length ( fo r pri mary bedroom 5 l i near
f eet cl ear
a At l east 5 4 cl ear hangi ngspace
b Lowest shel f shall not be over 6 2
above the f l oo r of room
 
i nches cl ear space above shel f
5 At l east one-hal f thecl oset f l oor shal l be
l evel andnotmore than12 i nches abovef l o o r
of adacent room
FURNTURECLEARANCES
 oassureadequate space f or conveni ent use
of f u r ni t u r e   thebedroom not l ess than
the
  F i gs   and 5
42   at one side or foot of bed f or
dressing
dresser or chest
shoul d
permt al ternate f u r ni t u r earrangemnts  
36i nches   f ront of dresser , cl oset, and
chest of drawers
24
  for mjor c i r cul at i on path door to
cl oset, etc 
on
one si deof bedf or c i r cul at i on
12   on l east used si de of doub e bed
The l east used
can be pl aced against the wal l except  
bedroom
 
re ommended I n
cases where budgetary and/or space l i m ta t i ons
o f f er no
alt ernati ve however a dormtory arrangemnt m y be
necessary The U
mnt re ommends the
arrangemnt i l l us t ra ted i n t hi s diagram
 Mm
M
mst l i k e l y occupants of
thi s type of bedroomare adul ts school-age chi l dren
of
the
sexes whoare l ess than9years old and preschoolers
 
 E ROOMS
 
 E OOS
 
 E ROOMS
 
Furni ture
 
 E ROOS
 et a i l s
 
 E ROOS
 
 E OOS
 
 E ROOS
Spaces
BATHROOS
P l a n n i n g Dat a and F i x t u r e Arr angement s
Abathroom
shoul d have enough ar ea t o
accommodatea l a va t o r y a water closet and
a bat htub or shower
Arangement f or f i x
tures shoul d provi de f or com or t abl e use
of
each f i x tu re and
perm t at l east 90° door
swngunl ess s l i di ng doors ar e used
Thebathroomshoul d be conveni ent
t o t he
bedroomzone and
accessi bl e f romthe l i v i n g
and work areas   L i nen storage shoul d be
accessi bl e
f r om t he bathr oom but not nec-
es sar i l y l ocat ed w t hi n t he bathroom
Each complete
bathroomshoul d be pro-
vi ded w t h t he f ol l ow ng
Gr ab- bar and
soap di sh at batht ub
2 T o i l e t paper hol der at water cl oset
3 Soap di sh at
l avatory  may be i ntegral
w t h l avatory
4 Towel
bar
5 M r r o r and medi ci ne cabi net or equi v-
al ent encl osed
head i s
i n s t a l l e d pr ovi de a
shower r od or shower
door
Each
hal f -bath shoul d be pr ovi ded w t h
i t ems 2 t o 6 l i s t e d above
U L L V TRYCLE R NCES
i n Cm
D
. 4
F
G 30 76. 2
N M HOW
CLE R NCES
 
L
27mn
G
69max
L 32
Resi denti al Spaces
Planni ng Dat a
Fi gure 1 deal s pri mar i l y wth so e of the
mre c r i t i c a l ml eanthropomtricconsi dera
ti ons   A avatory hei ght abovethef l oor
of 37
to 43 i n or 94 t o 109 2 cm i s suggest ed t o
accommodatethemaj ori ty of users t shou d
be noted however that co onpracti ce   s
to l ocate the l avatory i n the neighborhood of
3 i n abovethe f l oor I n order to e s t abl i s h the
l ocat i on
of mrrors above the l avatory eye
hei ght shou d be taken i n t o consi derati on
Fi gure
mnner the anthropomtri c consi derations
r e l a t e d to omen and
chi l d ren   Gven the
great var i abi l i t y i n body si zes t o beacco o
datedwt hi na s i n gl e f aml y astrongcasecan
bepresentedf or thedevel opmnt of ahei ght
adj ustmnt capabi l i t y f or the l avatory Unt i l
t hat   s devel oped there i s no reason on
customi ns t a l l at i ons why the archi t ect or  
i nt e r i o r desi gner cannot takeanthropomtri c
masuremnts of thecl i ent toensureproper
 
 
 
  THROOMS
 
  THROOMS
 
Spaces
  THROOMS
 usto
 THROOMS
CustomDesigns
 THROOMS
 paces
  THROOMS
Lavatory
 
 THROOMS
  ypes and  i mensi ons
 
 
and  i mensi ons
 
  THROOMS
 
Spaces
  THROOMS
 THROOS
 
 THROOMS
 
 THROOMS
 
 paces
  THROOMS
 
 
 THROOS
 
 THROOS
 
 THROOS
 THROOMS
SHOWR CURTAI RODKEEP WTHNINSIDE
USED PLACEHNGES O THESIDEOPPOSI TE
CONTROLVALVES
O2
KNURLING R SLIP RESISTANT SURFACE I S
ESIRABLE
BURRSANDSHARPEDGES WEREGRABBAR
M Y
FROM
LI A M WTER
6O SHOWR STALL LIGHT SHALL BE
OF
A
ELECTR CAL LIGHTSWTCHA
 THROOMS
 
 
 
 
studs furr i ng or mtal studs
 
Recommended
uses
 
 
method on
mpreferredmet hodwhere
 
uses
si nks and
Fi g 18
 
 THROOMS
 
 
Recom ndeduses
r
f or al terat i on of ceramc-t i l ed areas
where
desi red i n resi dences mtel s and hotels
restaurants publ i c rest room etc  
0 al so appl i cabl e t o s oothwal l s of mar
ble st one sl ate etc
0 exist i ng i nstal l ati on mst be sound wel l
bonded andwthout mj or
expansi onj o ints
f or
organ c adhesi ve i nstal l at i on see
Met hodW
cemnt
mrtar i nstal l at i on see Met hodVV202
  f or epoxy
t o
Fig. 19
 
Typi cal i nstal l ati on detai l s f o r t i l e over t i l e  
Recom nded uses
f or al terat i on of ceramc-t i l ed areas
wheremdern zati onorachangeof desi gn
i s
desi red i n resi dences mtel s and hotel s
rest aurants publ i c rest room etc
r al so appli cabl e t o smooth f l oors of ter
razzo stone sl ate etc  
TILE OVERTI LE
 
ACCESSIBI LI TY
  i s essenti al that the design of i nt er i or
spaces as wel l as exter i or spaces be r e-
sponsi ve o theneeds of thosehavingphys-
i c a l di s abi l i t i es   There i s a pro l i f e ra t i on of
s t a t e and l ocal l e gi s l a t i o n i n t h i s r egard and
mre recent l y f ederal l egi s l a t i on  Amri cans
wth D s abi l i t i e s Act of 1990 that provides
design gui del i nes and requi remnts   The
desi gner shoul dbecom f am l i a r w th those
codes and other requi remnts i n
her
or
hi s
area pr i or to i n i t i a t i o n of design and where
possi bl e go beyond the very
mni um
one
of thoseareaswherethe i nt e r f a c e between
the phys i ca l l y di sabl edand thei nt e r i o r space
i s themst
c r i t i c a l Accordingly on t h i s page
and the foll owng pages are desi gn gui de-
l i nes prepared by the Veterans
Admni stra-
Urban Devel opmnt  
support i ng s h e l f
and
countertop
connect i on f o r
hand- hel d shower
bat htub
- r e i n f o r c ed a r e as
f o r
po s s i b l e f u t u r e
grab
bar i n s t a l l a t i o n
v an i t y
c a bi n e t
r emoved
pr o t e c t i o n cover
i n s t a l l e d
hand- hel d shower
added
 
t he
bot h  NS ndUF S
not e
smal l  nd anywheel chai r users
 
 
 THROOMS
 
 
Standard
 at ht ub wi th   u i l t i n Seat
 NS Mnimum
 
 
RE ABL VANTY CABNET
 
I i l S l l l f . i l i l ~ Sl
 ; I dCC =~
B THRO PL N
x _
 kl
STALL
W DDTION L
  earances
Spaces
 THROOMS
 
 
 
Spaces
 THROOMS
 
KI TCHENS
An t h r o po me t r i c Da t a
The hei ght of a ki t chen workcounter t he
proper cl earance between cabi net s or ap
pl i ances f or cir cul ati on t he accessibi l i ty t o
overhead or
undercounter storage and
proper v i s i b i l i t y are amng the pr i mary con
si derat i ons
cooki ng
spaces  
Al l mst be responsi ve t o humn dimensi on
and body s i z e i t he qual i ty of i nterf ace
betweent he user and t hecomponents of t he
i n t e r i o r space are t o be adequate I n estab
l i s h i n g cl earances between count ers t he
mximumbody breadth and depth of t he
user of l arger body s i z e mst be t aken i nt o
account s wel l as t he proj ect i ons of t he
appl i ances   Refr i gerator doors cabi net dr aw
e r s di shwashi ngmchinedoors and cabi net
doors a l l proj ect t o somedegree i n thei r open
pos i t i on i nt o t he space w t hi n which the user
mst ci rcul ate nd mst be accommdated
St andard ki t chen count er hei ght s mn
uf actured are a l l about 36 i n or 91 4 cmBut
such a hei ght does not necessari l y accom
mdate t he bodydimensi on of al l users f or a l l
tasks   Certai n cooki ng a c t i v i t i e s f or exam
p l e mybe mreef f i ci ent l y performd from
a st andi ng p o s i t i o n but w t h a count er
hei ght
l ess t han 36 i n   I n overhead cabi net s the
upper
shel ves ar e usual l y i naccessi bl e t o
the
smal l er person whi l e t he l ower shel ves ar e
usual l y
w t hout bendi ng
or k neel i ng The l o gi c a l answer i s t he devel
opmnt of ki t chen cabi net system capabl e
of t o t a l adj ustabi l i ty t o accommdate the
humndimensi onof t he i ndi vi dual user
 
a systemcoul d accommdate not onl y t hose
of smal l er and l arger body s i z e
but
el der l y and di sabl ed peopl e  
Fi gure   pr ovi des so e general an
t hr opomet ri c data f or es t abl i s hi ng bas i c
hei ght s
of cabi net ry and appl i ances above
t he f l oor Fi gures 2 and 3 showi n mre d et a i l
t he i nterf ace
of
i n
24 27  5 61 0 69   9
L 24 26 61
P
 
Spaces
KITCHENS
A n t h r o p o r r r e t r i c
Da t a
Fi gures 2 and 3 i l l u s t r a t e t he
cl earances
center s   Fi gure 2 i ndi cates a
nimum
o f
The ant hropomet r i c basi s
f o r t he
c lea rances a re ampl i f i ed i n
F i g 3
. 6 cm wal l ovenworkzone
cl earance i s adequate t o accommdate
t he
n addi t i on t o t he
maxi um
t he user
i n broken l i n e
however
di mensi onal l y and
graphi cal l y t hat t he
40 i n cl earance w i l l not
permt comor t abl e ci rcul a t i on
ap
ar e i n operat i on at t he
sam t i me
t o accom date t he
open
range doo and t he body s i z e
of t he
f requent l y
consi derat i on i n
ki t chen des i gn i s eye hei ght  
I n t hi s regard
the di s t ance fromt he
t op o f t he range t o t he
unders i de of t he hood shoul d
al l ow t he rear
burners t o be
v i s i b l e t o t he user  
i n
KIT H NS
Typical Layout s
TheU shaped pl an   s the most eff i c i ent  
Wennot broken provi des theopportuni ty
and f l oor space f or several si ml taneous
ac t i v i t i es The corri dor or gal l ery ki tchen   s
t ypi cal l y accessi bl e fromboth ends often
converti ng   fromawork spaceto
  somti ms   s cl osed of f on one end
thereby creat i ng a vari at i on of the U pl an
wh ch
al though sml l can produce a f a i r l y
comortabl e ki tchen
fromthe necessi ty
of l ocat i ng adoor along
oneor twoof the three wal l s of a typ ical
U
shapedschem The
resul t i ng through t ra f f i c
reduces the comactness and ef f i c i ency of
the pl an  
The typ ical L  shapedki tchenal l ow f or the
l ocat i on of a smal l
breakfast area   the
opposi te corner
KIT H NS
T y p i c a l L a y o u t s
F  
g
  8
These di agrams
i l l u s t r a t e f u r t h e r v ar i a t on s of t he t y p i c a l pl ans
shown i n =i g s   t o   A ri argl e peri meter of 23 0 or l e s s i s u su al l y i n d i c a t i v e of a r e l a t i v e l y
e f f i c i e n t k i t c h en l a yo ut  
n m
counter frontage
 
oy
thenumber of bedroom provi ded   the
wng uni t   Wrk centers f or the fol l owng
equi pmnt cabi net s andspace f o r t hei r use
shoul d be p ovi ded :
  Range
at onesi de for servinga dstorageof utensi l s
and stapl es 
wth counter
f or storage   f dinnerware
 
at l atch si de of the refr i gerator
door
el ectri cal
Wal l cab net f or
stapl e storage
mni umedge di stance
Equi pmnt shoul d be pl aced to al l ow f or
ef f i c ient operati ng
roombetween   andany
l east 9
si de of the refr i gerator   s recommnded
Ci rculat i onspace
be provi ded
pl i ances opposi te
each other Thi s sam
mni um
storagewall or work tabl e  s opposi tea base
cabi net
ited to ki tchenwork onl y Servi ng
c i rcu lat i on
to the di ni ng area shoul d be wthout any
cross t r af f i c  
Hei ght
  aximumei ght of wal l shel vi ng74  
Hei ght of counter tops shoul d be
36
si nk
andwal l cab nets 15- i n cl earance
 
KTCHENSTORAGE
  1
anduten-
suff i c ient space f or the average
ki tchen accessori es 3 suf f i c ient
storage
space
ment norml l y usedandf or
whi ch storage i s
not el sewhere
the bottomof an unprotected ood
or mtal
cabi net , or   f t   i n mni umwhen the
bottom of a wood or mtal
cabi net i s
mni umwhen
hood proj ecti onXs 18 i n or more or l f t 10 i n
mn when hood proj ecti on
X s l ess than
18 i n
wdthof range
hen verti -
extends above countertops
by
Dmensi on F nimumcl earance
shoul d
Cabi net protect on shoul d be at l east  
i n
than 28-gauge sheet mtal
  020
copper
Cearance f or D, E, or F shoul d be not l ess
than l i s ted LorAGAcl earances
 
 
net Sincethewal l behindas i nk
often ho ds awndow easurement
f or
space i s ni mal , acabi net over t he
s i nk makes good sense
Theuseof l arge pans pancakef l i p s
and s i m l a r cookingmaneuvers
di ctate adi stance of 30
i n   between
Arange
er spanbet eenstandard base
andwal l cabnets Opt f or t he 15 i n  
di stance   youare5 t   4 i n or l es s
awder span i f you re t a l l e r   The
highest shel f 6 t fromt he f l o o r s
areachab edi stance
Ki tchenact i vi t i es beco eti resom
i n poor
  As i ngl e
tered on
i s
i nsuf f i ci ent  
Your need f or l i ght i s greatest over
theworkcenters Agood l i ght there
reduces the danger of cutt i ng
your-
s e l f   eases the task of moni tori ng
col or changes duri ngam x, and so
on Thebest p acet o i n s t a l l f i xtures
f or t h i s purpose beneath thewal l
ca i nets
gl arewhen
al ternat i ve i s
found i n f i xtures i ns t al l ed
i n
an
extended s o f f i t Pl an f or
l i g h t
above
war