Tsl3106 Lesson 4

TEACHING READING SKILLS AND VOCABULARY IN THE PRIMARY ESL CLASSROOM

LESSON 4:1. READING READINESS2. STAGES OF A READING

COMPREHENSION LESSON3. STAGES OF LITERACY HOUR

MOHD ISKANDAR DAUD (IPGKKB)

TSL 31061

Mohd Iskandar Daud Lesson 4 2012

READING READINESS

What is reading readiness?The general stage of developmental maturity and

preparedness at which a child can learn to read easily and proficiently in a regular classroom setting when exposed to good teaching (Rogers, Norma., ___)

the point at which a person is ready to learn to read and the time during which a person transitions from being a non-reader into a reader.

the readiness to profit from beginning reading instruction.

Also known as pre-reading, emergent literacy, early literacy


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READING READINESS

Descriptions:The teachable moment for reading: a point in

time when the pupil is ready to learn how to read(Dechant, 1991)

“A transition extending over several months during which time the child (student) gradually changes from a non-reader to a beginning reader. In this case the readiness program couples the (student's) past learning with new learning and brings the (student), gradually, through the transition." (Clay, 1991)


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READING READINESS

What does the child who wants to read need at this stage?a. Develop knowledge of English language so that s/he can understand what s/he readsb. Motivation to learn to read in Englishc. The ability to discriminate between shapes to recognise letters and words when s/he begins to learn to readd. Recognition that print has meaning just as talk has meaning (Chitravelu, N., 2004)


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READING READINESS

Skills that indicate whether a child is ready to learn to read: Age-appropriate oral language development and vocabulary Appreciation of stories and books Phonemic awareness (ability to distinguish and manipulate

individual sounds of language) Understanding of basic print concepts (for example,

printed text represents spoken words; spaces between words are meaningful; pages written in English are read left to right starting at the top of the page; books have a title and an author, and so on)


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READING READINESS

Skills that indicate whether a child is ready to learn to read (cont): Understanding of the alphabetic principle (letters

represent the sounds of language) Ability to distinguish shapes (visual discrimination) Ability to identify at least some letters of the alphabet.


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READING READINESS

At this stage, the child may: pretends to be a readerholds books the right way turns pages at appropriate timescan discuss what is happening and relate it to their own

experiencesknows that the reader is focusing on the print and that it is

conveying the messagemakes inferences on both what is read and the picturesenjoys stories being re-read likes to turn the pages and knows when to and will make

attempts to re-read the story from memory and picture cues, etc


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READING READINESS

The factors affecting reading readiness (Rogers, Norma, __ )Mental factors – reading is complex mental processEmotional and Social factors – self-confidence & self-

esteemPhysical factors – health, vision, hearing, motor control,

speech, attention span, neurological disorderEducational factors – parents, materials, teachers,

environment , etcOther factors – age, sex, interest and desireNote: These factors are interrelated – a strength in one may

compensate weakness in another, or a weakness in one area may cause another area to be weak, eg: defective hearing causes poor speech and vocabulary


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READING READINESS

How to help a child develop reading readinessReading-readiness activities for babies

Talk to your baby, it improves language skills Play games, not only helps them to learn but it is fun

too Start reading books to your baby early, describe

picturesReading-readiness activities for toddlers

Teach your child the alphabet song Read a variety of books to your toddler Start showing him his name in print, make signs, cards, etc Watch educational shows like Sesame Street, etc


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READING READINESS

How to help a child develop reading readiness (cont)Reading-readiness activities for preschoolers

Play rhyming games Take your child on trips to the library When you read to them: ask questions throughout the story,

Point to the words as you read Make your own books, have your child make up his own story

with pictures Show him the letters and tell him what sound they make etc


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Stages of a Reading Comprehension Lesson

Pre-reading / Guidance before readingWhile-Reading / Guidance while readingPost-Reading / Guidance when reading

completedPlease refer to Christine Nuttall,

Teaching Reading Skills In A Foreign Language, 1989


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Pre-Reading

What is pre-reading stage?A stage before the pupils begin to read the text where the

teacher can help make their task more explicit and their way of tackling it more effective

What are the purposes of pre-reading?To acknowledge the different experiences and background

knowledge that students bring to a textTo promote engagement and interest by providing

students with a means to predict text content It is important in building confidence and creating security

within the learners before they approach a reading text. The pre-reading stage also helps to make the next stages

of reading more easily adaptable for the reader. How?Mohd Iskandar Daud Lesson 4 2012

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Pre-Reading

How does pre-reading stage help to make the next stages of reading more easily adaptable for the reader?

Providing a reason to read – why should pupils read the text? Introducing the text – not too long, don’t give away too muchBreaking up long text – read para by para (or suitable

length), pupils diff. ability, no disadvantage to poor ones, good ones not bored

Dealing with new language – pre-teach new key wordsAsking signpost questions – to guide when pupils read, direct

attention to important points in text(Rogers, Norma., ____)


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While-Reading Stage

What is while-reading stage?Guidance while reading is going onDepends on teacher’s preferable classroom organisation

Individualised approach – pupil works alone, suitable for reading lesson as reading process is private, individual text to read and understand, individual reading instructions, advantages (pupil reads suitable materials, progresses at own pace), disadvantages (harder to prepare, harder to control)

Whole class approach – teacher centered, whole class work with one text only, teacher controls how text is tackled, advantages ( easy to control, teacher is aware of problems and weaknesses, easier to prepare) disadvantages (no individuality in learning)

Group approach – much guidance comes from fellow students, individualised efforts are pooled, advantages (sets motivation high, promote cooperation, etc), disadvantages (wasting time, quarrel, etc)


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While-Reading Stage

What are the purposes of while-reading stage?To give students structured means to integrate the

knowledge and information they bring to the text with the ‘new or unknown’ within the text. This helps them process the text and self-monitor their progress

The reading activities of while-reading stage help to encourage critical thinking of students increase comprehension build easier and longer retention


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Post-Reading Stage

What is post-reading stage?The stage where the detailed work on the text is

over and global understanding must be attended to

What are the purposes of post-reading stage?To check the students’ comprehension and

retention of the information of a text that they have already tackled

To evaluate the text as a wholeTo check how pupils responded to the text


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Pre, While and Post Reading Stages

Examples of pre, while and post reading stages:

1. Pre-reading activities

2. While reading activities

3. Post reading activities


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Sample of A Reading Lesson

These are samples of a reading lesson plan. They are just samples, you may be more creative than this.

1. Sample 1

2. Sample 2


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Literacy Hour

What is literacy hour? a period in school set aside for developing reading

skills, introduced as a daily requirement in English primary schools in 1998.

Introduced in England and Wales into the national primary school curriculum in 1998 to raise the standards of literacy

Adapted into Malaysian primary schools and is known as ‘English hour’

The purpose of Literacy Hour - to raise standards of literacy


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Stages of Literacy Hour

1. Whole class shared textThe lesson starts with the whole class working on a

shared text where the teacher is able to model effective reading or writing and where all pupils can actively participate

2. Whole class shared sentence/ word workThen comes a short period of word level or

sentence level work. The focus of this part of the lesson is to teach and consolidate phonic knowledge which the children can then apply in their reading and writing or on spelling or sentence construction.


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Stages of Literacy Hour (cont)

3. Guided ReadingTeacher works with 2 groups per day on a specific area that

needs attention (runs simultaneously with independent work)4. Independent WorkTwenty minutes of the lesson is for independent work where

pupils apply their literacy skills in meaningful tasks individually, in pairs or in groups. The teacher works with small groups to improve specific skills through guided reading or writing.

5. PlenaryThe final 10 minutes of the lesson is the plenary

session which allows teachers and children to reflect on and assess what has been learnt and to think about how to develop what they have learnt further.


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Organisation of Literacy Hour

The ‘Literacy Hour’ of 60 minutes is organised as below.

Click link.

Sample lesson plans (UK)


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Tutorial Tasks

Identify the stages in the sample of reading comprehension lesson.

Prepare suitable activities for pre, while and post reading comprehension lesson.

In pairs, prepare suitable activity for literacy

hour.


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Tsl3106 Lesson 4

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Transcript of Tsl3106 Lesson 4