Truth and Dualism

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Truth and Dualism

description

Truth and Dualism. TEST YOURSELF. Plato. What do we know so far?. Plato’s view of truth…. If something is true, it is always true - yesterday, today and in the future too. If something is true, it is true everywhere. If something is true, it is true for everyone. Example Truth claims: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Truth and Dualism

Page 1: Truth and Dualism

Truth and Dualism

Page 2: Truth and Dualism

Plato

What do we know so far?

TEST YOURSELF

Page 3: Truth and Dualism

Plato’s view of truth…

• If something is true, it is always true - yesterday, today and in the future too.

• If something is true, it is true everywhere.• If something is true, it is true for everyone.

TEST THE CLAIMS!

Example Truth claims:• On 5th November 1605, Guy Fawkes tried to blow up parliament. • Ducks are animals.

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Plato believed that truth is…TEST YOURSELF

absolute

temporary

finite

eternal

relativeuniversal

impermanent

permanent

Stranger than fiction

gained through reasonand logic

gained through sense experiencechangeable

How does this link to Christianity?

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The Empirical World is….

The name for the world in which we live - the physical world of sense experience; everything we can see, feel, touch, taste or hear. Unlike truth, Plato believed that everything in the empirical world is in a state of flux (change) and is temporary (doesn’t last forever).

EXTENDTest Plato’s claim about the empirical world by seeing if you can think of a counter-example (something you can sense, but that isn’t temporary or changeable).

Can you think of your own example?

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Plato believed The Empirical World is….

absolute

temporary

finite

eternal

in a stateof flux

impermanentpermanent

the world of our sense experience

changeable

TEST YOURSELF

non-physical

immutable

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Plato’s logical argument:

• Everything in the empirical world is in a state of flux and impermanence.

• Truth is _____________________________.Therefore;• Truth cannot be found in the

empirical world.

TEST YOURSELF

Is this argument a priori or a posteriori? Why?EXTEND

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Plato concluded that truth must be found in another world - a world of eternal and immutable (unchanging) absolutes.

TEST YOURSELF How does this link to Plato’s dualist ontology?

The Realm of the Forms

REALMof the

FORMS

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As the world of truth, Plato believed The Realm of the Forms is….

absolute

temporary

finite

eternal

in a stateof flux

impermanentpermanent

the world of our sense experience

changeable

TEST YOURSELF

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Why would it also be non-physical?

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“The philosopher is in love with truth, that is, not with the changing world of sensation, which is the object of opinion, but with the unchanging reality which is the object of knowledge.” Plato

TEST YOURSELF

Knowledge

Opinion

Philosopher

EXTENDResearch Plato’s ‘divided line’ between knowledge and opinion (found in his Republic). Do you think Plato believed Rationalism led to knowledge or opinion only? What about Empiricism?

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Appearance and Reality

How does this idea link to the criticisms of Empiricism?EXTEND

Appearance Reality

TEST YOURSELF

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Plato’s Analogy of the CaveTEST

YOURSELF

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Strengths

• The idea of truth being absolute seems to fit with many people’s idea of what it is for something to be true.

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• It encourages us to question in order to learn and not to accepts things at face value

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Weaknesses

• Truth may not be absolute and universal, but rather relative.

EXTENDResearch the Parable of the Elephant and the Blind Men. What does this teach about truth? How? How might it be different from Plato’s concept of truth?

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• How might a materialist respond to all of this?

Hume: There is no other level of reality - what we see is the only reality and there is no evidence otherwise.

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• Aristotle:not enough emphasis placed on this world.

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Word Splat

truth

absolute

relative

Realm of the Forms

universal

fluxpermanent

Empirical worldunchanging

immutable