Truong Quang Huy - Visual Art - extended essay · Title: Microsoft Word - Truong Quang Huy - Visual...

ExtendedEssay:VisualArtAustralianInternational

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TruongSyQuangHuyEE Title “ToWhatExtentdidtheArtistsfromImpressionismPeriodtoCubismPeriodCreateanEvolutioninVisualArt?”

CandidateNumber:fpl875(004027-0035)

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ExtendedEssay

VisualArt

“ToWhatExtentDidtheArtistsfromImpressionismPeriodto

CubismPeriodCreateanEvolutioninVisualArt?”

StudentName:TruongSyQuangHuy

Supervisor:AmberKotcher

Session:

WordCount:3965

CitationStyle:MLA


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Abstract

Traditionally,VisualArtwasconsideredaslimitedandlesscreative.Artistsfromthe19thcentury

createdtheirartworkswithcommonperspectives,forexample,one-pointperspectiveinRenaissance

period.However,fromthelate19thcentury,manyartists,especiallyMonet,stooduptofightand

findtheirnewpathsinArt.TheideasandbeautystandardofVisualArthavebeenchangingvastly.

Myquestionfortheinvestigationis:HowhasartchangedfromtheImpressionismperiodtoCubism

period?

Toanswerthequestion,Iwillberesearchingaboutthefourartmovements:Impressionism,Post-

Impressionism,FauvismandCubism.Iwillalsostudyabouthowdidtheartistsdiffertheirartwork

fromthepreviousgeneration(before19thcentury)bycreatingandusingdifferenttechniques.Also,I

amgoingtoanalyzesomeoftheparticularpaintingsoffamousartistsofthetime.Theinformation

thatIamgoingtouseisfrombooksandwebsite.

TheImpressionismperiodisconsideredastheturningpointthatledtobreakthroughsinvisualart.

InImpressionismperiod,artistdidnotfocusmuchontheaccuracyofthesubjectstheysaw.Instead,

theyfocusonthenaturalmovementsofnatureandthelibertyindrawinginordertocreate

harmoniouspaintingswithtightcomposition.AfterImpressionismperiodarePost-Impressionism,

FauvismandCubism.Inthoseperiods,colorsbecamethemainelementofapainting.Artistalso

createdmanymethodscombinewiththecolorstomaketheartworkslookmorevivid.

Wordcount:241


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Contents

Page

1 TitlePage

2 Abstract

3 Contents

4-5Introduction

6-8 Impressionismperiod

9-12 Post-Impressionismperiod

13-15 Fauvismperiod

16-19 Cubismperiod

20Conclusion

20Citation


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Introduction

Throughages,apartfromscientificinventionsandliteratureproducts,Arthasbeenconsideredasa

factor that shows all the development in human society. From very early in the past, Art has

developedstrongly.Artwasusedasacommonvehiclethroughwhichtheartistscommunicatedand

expressedtheirmessagesaswellaslifeevents.Thequestionis:Towhatextentdidtheartistscreate

anevolutioninvisualartthroughfourtypicalartmovements:Impressionism,Post-impressionism,

Fauvism,andCubism.

TheRenaissancerepresentsatimewhenartreflectedthesightsofourrealworld.Artistsatthe

timewereseenas“cameras”becausetheytendedtodepictsubjectswithrealisticstylesandright

proportions.Artbefore19thcenturyfocusedonreligionsandgrandeurs.Artistsusuallysatinstudios

anddrew.Aspainterswellusedthelawofdistanceorone-pointperspectivefoundbyLeonardoDa

Vinci,thepaintingsduringthoseperiodsreallyhavethedepthandatmosphere.Subjectdepictedin

paintingswereusuallygodsandsuperheroesofthetime.Thepaintingbelow,amasterpieceknown

as“thelastsupper”createdbyLeonardoDaVinci,isthegreatestexamplefortheone-point

perspective


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ThepaintingisamealofJesusandhisdisciples.Thedisciplesaredividedintogroupsofthree,

creatingahorizontalline.Also,thethreewindowsbehind,whileJesusisshapedintriangularpose,

markedhisheadandhistwoarmswideopened.LeonardodaVincireallycreatedthedepthforthe

painting.ThispaintingbecameoneofthegreatestexamplesofHighRenaissanceperiod.·(LastSupper,

LeonardodaVinci:Meaning,Interpretation,nodate)

Lateron,artistswereexposedtothenatureandfeltimpressedabouttheuniverse.Thedoortoart

gradually opened by time andmore artists became recognizable and famous. One of the famous

artists thathelped tochange thepointsofviews towardartwasachiefartist from impressionism

“The last supper”, Leonardo Da Vinci, oil on gesso, Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan


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movement,Monet (1840-1926).FollowingMonet’s road,manyartistsalsostooduptocreatenew

artmovementssuchaspost-impressionism,fauvism,cubismandsurrealism.Tome,thisresearchis

significantbecauseitdemonstratesahugeturningpointofthewayspeoplehaveperceivedart.This

is also a chance forme to take some further lookordeepunderstandingat the “idealofbeauty”

because I have always been thinking that a beautiful artwork is an artwork that depicts realistic

subjects. This research may expand my knowledge of what is called “beauty” and help me to

improvemycriticalthinking.

Art from the Impressionism period brought with it something called creativity and “rebellion”.

Artistswantedtobreaktherulesthathavebeenfollowedforcenturies.Thetechniquesandstyles

wouldchangegraduallythroughtheagesandthefollowingmovementswouldbringsomesensesof

thepreviousones. The compositionwould change from complex to simplification. Compositionof

thepaintingsmayhavelesscomplicatedshapesandartiststendedtousebasicshapeslikecirclesor

rectangles...Thecolourswerethetoolstoexpressthemoodsoftheartistsandtendedtobeharsher.

Impressionism

Fromthe17thcentury,theFrenchgovernmentsponsoredanartexhibition,usuallyknownasSalon,

thatdisplayed famousartworks frommembersof “AcademieRoyaledePeintureetdeSculpture.”

TheParisSalonwasconsideredtheworld’smostprestigiousannualorbiannualartevent.TheParis

Salonwassaidtobeverystrictandconservativeas itsetaparticularstandardforartwithcertain

styles.Duringthelate1860s,numbersofartistsbegantodiscoveranewstyleinart.In1874,those


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groupsofartistsorganizedanexhibitionandlatercalledthemselves Impressionists. Impressionistic

paintings usually depicted landscapes. During this period, artists exposed themselves to nature

(outdoor)moreandtendedtoproducepaintingsthatwerecomparativelysmallinscaleandinformal

in composition. The topic thatwas usually used by artistswasmodern landscapes such as towns,

suburbsornature.Artistsfromimpressionismdrewandpaintedquicklytocapturetheoverviewsof

themainobjects.Theimpressionistsusedartwithnewtheoriesregardingcolors.Artistsfoundout

thattheshadowofanobjectisformedbyaddingmorevaluessuchasblackorwhiteintotheoriginal

colorsofthoseobjects.Theartistsalsoenrichedthecolorsbyaddingsomecomplementarycolors.

Forexample,whendrawingtheshadowofanapple,artistwouldaddalittlebitofblueinorderto

make it vivid. Also, artists usually paintedwith short and thick strokes of colorswith a variety of

directions.Theydidnotreallyfocusondetailsofobjectsandignoredtherulesusedbytheprevious

artists such as light or dark value theories. The conservative people from the Paris Salon did not

agree with the impressionists. However, other people started gradually liking the intense energy

produced by the new styles of the Impressionist artists. The styles also became one of themost

commonartmovementsinhistory.

Monetwasoneof themost influentialartists inarthistory.Bornon14thNovember1840,Monet

wasaFrenchpainterandheadvocatedanewstyleofart.Monetwasfamousforhispaintings,which

depictedimmediateobjects.Hedrewwhathesaw.AveryfamouspaintingproducedbyMonetthat

changed people’s point of view towards art was the “Impression, Sunrise” in 1872.Many people

firstlyconfusedthe“Impression,Sunrise”.Somepeoplesaidthatitwasnotapieceofart.However,


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as timepassed through, thispaintingbecameoneof thebestpaintingsof the time.Peoplewould

tendtothinkaboutitasastandardoftheimpressionistmovement.

Thispaintingillustratesanimmediatelandscape,whichisthemomenttheartistsawrandomly.The

objects depicted by Monet are sky, river, boats and sunset. In this painting, Monet used aerial

perspective,atechniqueormethodofcreatingdepthorillusionbymodulatingthetonesandcolors

tostimulatethechangesinlightsanddarkness-toillustratethedepthofthepainting.Whenlooking

“Impression,sunrise”,ClaudeMonet,1872,Oilandcanvas,48cmx63cm,MuseeMarmottanMonet,Paris


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atthepainting,wecanclearlyseeaverytypicalcomposition.Theforegroundistheareaoftheriver

wherewecanseemanybrushstrokes.Themid-groundisthetwohalvesoftheriver’sareaandthe

backgroundistheareainwhichtheskyandtherivermeet.Monetcreatedthedepthforthepainting

byusingdifferenttonesforthethreeboats;thelighterboatsappeartobefurtherawayfromusthan

thedarkestones.Theflecksofsunlightaregettinglighterastheymoveclosertothesun.Theboats

arearranged tobeona straight line. The line intersects the vertical line createdby the sunlight’s

reflection. Monet did this so that the painting could attract and pull viewers’ attention into the

painting.Thiscreatesasenseofdepthtotheartwork.

Personally, I thinkthatthispaintingrepresentsanevolution inart. Itreallychangedmymindand

expandsmyknowledgeinperceivingart:Agoodartworkdoesnotnecessarilyneedtoberealisticor

completelyperfectintextureandcolors.Ithinkabeautifulpaintingistheonethatcouldexpressthe

emotionorcreativityoftheartist.Icanseethatthechangesincolorsareverysophisticatedasthe

artistsweresoacuminousincapturingthemovementsofnature.Inaddition,thepaintinglooksvery

amorous.

Post-Impressionism

In1910,theEnglishartcriticRogerFry(1866-1934)firstusedthetermPost-Impressionism.“Manet

andthePost-Impressionism”wasintroducedastitleofanexhibition. Post-Impressionismisaterm

thatisusedtodifferentiatetheartproducedbytheyoungerartistsfollowingtheimpressionistssuch

asMonet,SisleyorPissarro.Impressionismisanartmovementthatshookoffalotofoldorarchaic

conception in European art in the early centuries. FollowingMonet and his accompaniers, many


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artistsstoodupandindependentlyfoundtheirownpathsintheirartcareers.Somefamousartists

thatrepresentedpost-impressionismwerePaulCezanne,VincentVanGoghorPaulGauguin. Even

thoughthoseartistsdidnothavesimilarpaintingstyles,theywerecalledPost-Impressionists.Post-

impressionismtakesthegoodaspectsfromImpressionismandabatesthethingsthatseemedtobe

excessive.ArtistsinPost-Impressionismkeptthebright-colorpalettesofthepreviousmovementbut

theyrejectedtheemphasisoflightandreflectionsofobjects.Astheartistscutoffallofthefleeting

lights,thepaintingscanbeseenatmultipleangles.Additionally,Post-Impressioniststendedtocreate

greaterformalorderandstructures.Sinceeachartisthasdifferentthemesaswellasobjects,thereis

nocertaintopicforPost-Impressionism.However,thisartmovementhasspecificcharacteristics.The

thingswecanseefirstarethethickandboldbrushstrokes.Artiststendedtousebrightpalettecolors

toattractviewers’eyes.Artistsduringthistimeputalotofemotions,moods,andspirits intotheir

artworks. Neo-impressionist painters all shared the common idea in how to thicken the colors in

order tomake the paintingsmore vivid. The techniqueusually usedby the artistswas “impasto.”

“Impasto”isatechniquethatisusetocreatepronouncedsurfacetexturesofcolorsbyaddingmany

shortbrushstrokeswithtonesfromdarktolight.Artistswouldusuallyusedarkcolorsfirstthenadd

lighteronessothatthepaintingscancreatedimensionsordepthstoviewers.Thelayersareusually

thickenoughtomakethebrushstrokesvisible.AnothertechniquethatwasalsousedwidelyinNeo-

impressionismwas“pointillism.”Georges-PierreSeuratwasthefirstartisttodevelopthepointillism

technique.Inhispaintings,heusedmanydotswithavarietyoftonestocarefullyfusethecolorsof

objects.Thistechniquewasusedwitharuleofimpressionism,whichistoenrichthecolorvaluesby

addingcomplementarycolors.


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AveryfamousadvocateforthisNeo-impressionismwasVanGogh.VincentVanGoghwasaDutch

painterbornon30thMarch1853.VanGoghiswellknownforhisamazingpaintings.VanGoghwas

saidtobearepresentativeofNeo-impressionismbecausehehadaverycommonstyleofmovement.

VanGoghalsolearnttoapplyalotoftechniquesfromotherartistssuchasthepointillismtechnique

by Seurat. Van Gogh actually painted based on his moods. One of the famous and impressive

paintingsthatrepresentVanGogh‘sstyleisthe“TheStarryNight”.

Impastotechnique

“Roses”, Vincent Van Gogh, 1980, Oil and canvas, 71cm x 90cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C

Pointillismtechnique

“A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte,Georges-Pierre Seurat”, 1884-1886, Oil on canvas, 207.6cm x 308cm, Art Institute of Chicago


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Thesky in“TheStarryNight” isvery impressiveandsublime.Thepainting’ssky isbrimmingwith

whirlingclouds,sparklingstarsandabig,shiningcrescent.Inhispainting,VanGoghreallyconveyed

hisemotionsandmoods.VanGoghusedmanycurvylinesinhispainting.Asyoucansee,themain

big curve looks very strong and vigorous. The curves represent the turbulence in overcoming the

illnessofVanGogh.Theobjectsontheskywerepaintedbyusingthepointillismtechnique,inspired

bySeurat.However,becauseofhismentalillness,VanGoghseemedtoexpressthetechniquewith

outpatienceandanalyticalapproachasSeuratdid.So, thepointillismtechniqueexpressedbyVan

Goghseemstobelikemanylinesofbrushstrokesratherthandots(asyoucanlookattheskyofthe

painting).Onthedarkthemeofthepainting,thesparklesfromthestarsandlittlewindowsrepresent

hopeandcomfortofasickpatient.Thestrongandintensewavesofcloudsseemtoluretheeyesof

the viewers. So a cypress tree and a little steeple are drawn to break that repeated rhythm.

“Thestarrynight”,VincentVanGogh,1889,Oiloncanvas,73.7cmx92.1cm,MuseumofModernArt,NewYorkCity


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Furthermore,thatlittlesteepleissettledabitfurtherawaysowecanseethedepthofthepainting.

Thesteeplealsorepresentstheunityofthevillage.

Asaviewer,IcanfeeltherefreshmentinVanGogh’spaintings.Thetechniqueusedforthesky(in

“TheStarryNight”)makesmefeelverycomfortable.Theskyhasmanytextureswithmanylayersof

colors (black, blue, green, yellow, and white). I really like this painting because I can see a vast

difference compared to the previous Impressionism movement. Artist used strong colors and

brought lots of personal emotions into the production. This piece seems tome like a decoration

ratherthanacomplicatedartworkwithtightaccuracyonthesubject.Artchanged.Ifyoulookback

to the “Impression- sunrise” ofMonet, youwill see that Van Gogh described less in his painting.

Instead,hetriedtothickenhistexturebyusingimpastotechnique.

Fauvism

Inautumnof1905,theFrenchcriticLouiseVauxcellesvisitedtheSalonParisd’Automne.Vauxcelles

wasstunnedbythepaintingsthere,whichhadverygarishmarksofcolors.Andfromthatmoment,

thetermFauvismwasfirstcoinedandbecameatrendyartmovementduringashortperiodoftime.

Fauvism or Fauves means “wild beast.” Introduced in the early 20th century, the Fauvism art

movementonlyexistedforaround6to7years.AlthoughtheperiodofFauvismwasconsideredtobe

veryslight,itgrewstronglytothezenithinyears1905and1906.Theartistsduringthetimedidnot

really know each other but their artworks were randomly hung in a gallery and from that point,

peoplestartedtocallthemtheFauvistartists.SomechiefpaintersofthisartmovementwereHenri

Matisse,AndreDerain,AlbertMarquetandGeorgesRouault.Fauvismisanartmovementthatwas


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said to against Impressionism. However, it is not an exaggeration if we say Impressionismwas a

strongbastionforFauvismtodevelop.Sincethelastthirtyyearsofthe19thcentury,colorswerean

independentunitinart.Colorswerethemainsubjectsofapaintinginsteadofhumansorflowersor

landscapesandtheSalonParisd’Automnewas,exaggeratingly,theexhibitionexclusiveforcolors.An

artistatthattimewouldtendtousemanycomplementarycolors inapainting.Forexample, ifthe

artistpaintedapaintingthathastheskyinred,he/shewouldthencolorthebuildingsinblue,riverin

orange, yellow and the reflection on light on thewater surface could bemany simple lime green

brushstrokes.ThereisafactthattheartistsofFauvismdidnotdepicttheobjectswiththeirrealistic

colors.Incontrasttotheimpressionistpainters,painterfromfauvismtendedtoabatethedetailsof

objects.Artistslikedtopaintlandscapesoreverydaylifeactivities.Moreover,Fauvistsusuallyused

original colors or hues (blue, green, red or yellow...) to paint the objects. Also, the objects of a

paintingwerealwaysgivenboldborders inordertoincreasetheflamboyanceofthecolors.Artists

likedtodrawlandscapesbecausetheyhadawealthofcolors.

HenriMatissewasconsideredoneofthebestwell-knownartistsintheFauvismmovement.Henri

Matisse was born, on 31st December 1869, to a French family. He had father who was a corn

Merchant and mother who was a painter. Matisse’s Fauvism paintings were influenced by the

Impressionistssowheneveryoulookathispaintings,youcanseereallybrightandgaudytones.One

of the famous paintings produced byMatisse was “The OpenWindow” in 1905, the peak of the

fauvism.


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When looking at this painting, there are notmany elements of composition because this painting

focuses on areas of colors. Being influenced by Impressionism, Matisse brought the bright color

palettestohispainting.Thecolorshechosereallyattracttheeyesofviewers.Iseethattheroomis

brimming with morning light and breezes from the oceans. In his paintings, Matisse expressed

liberation in the color’s conception.Hedidnotpaintbasedon the thingshe saw. Inotherwords,

Matisseonlytooktheconceptandthelandscapehesaw.Thenhepaintedfreely.Thereis logicfor

Matisse’s use of colors,which suggests the pairs of contrasting colors. The complementary colors

would functionbestandcreate intensitywhentheyareputnext toeachother.Matisseuseddark

turquoiseandopalpurpleforthewall,andthenherepeatedthesamecolorsbutwithlightertones

forthelandscapethatisfurtherawayfromtheviewers.Thecolorswereplacedalternativelyasartist

“The open window”, Henri Matisse, 1905, Oil on canvas, 55.3cm x 46cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C


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painted pink for the waves with blue boats on top and the sky is a mixture of pastel pink and

turquoiseblue.Healsoputthedeepredblossomonthedarkgreenleavesandthisisrepeatedwhen

Matissepaintedthemastsoftheboatswithredandgreen.Therepetitionofcolorssomehowcreates

adepthforthepainting.

Ilikethewaytheartistsbroketherulesinartaswellasinnature,whichisshownbytheuseof

colors.Icanfeeltheintensityofthepaintings.Artistsfocusonusingprimarycolorssuchasblue,red

orgreen.Inthepainting,Matisseusedboldborderstoenhanceandemphasizethevalueorintensity

ofthecontrastingareasofcolors.Normally,whenIborderanobjectwithblacklinesthatobjectmay

look very stiff but in the Fauvism paintings, the artistsmade it so ingeniously. I can see that the

artists“shookoff”alltheneatlinesorrealisticobjects.Instead,theartistemphasizedtheartworkby

usingcontrastingcolorswithdifferentvaluesanduserepetitionofpairsofcolors.Ithinktheartwork

isverycreativesince itwascreatedoriginallybyMatissewithhisown impressionof thethingshe

sawandhisownuniqueemotion.

Cubism

CubismisanartmovementcreatedprincipallybyPabloPicassoandGeorgesBraqueinParisfrom

1907to1914.TheCubistarttendedtoemphasizetheflatandtwo-dimensionedsurfaceofapicture.

Artistsalso seemed to ignore thecompositionsof thepaintingsand tended tomake thepaintings

look like decorations. Cubist painters also rejected the traditional art styles and time-consuming

techniques that were used by the artists of the previous movements such as “Impasto” and

“pointillism.” Cubist artists did not bring the objects from nature to their paintings. Also, cubist

paintingswerelikelytohavealotofsegmentssuchasbrokenimages.Thetypicalobjectsdrawnin


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Cubistpaintingsareletters,instruments,andhumanfigures.TheCubistpaintingsareconsideredto

provokeandstimulatethecuriosityineveryperson.TherearetwotypesoftheCubismmovement.

TheyareAnalyticCubismandSyntheticCubism.Theperiodfrom1910to1912wasconsideredtobe

the Analytical Cubism. Paintings seemed to have simplified forms. Artists used right angles and

straight lines commonly. The colors used were also very simple. In addition, artists used

monochromaticcolorscheme(huesof tan,brown,greyorblue…),whichmakesthepaintings look

likesketcheswithpencil.

In the Synthetic Cubism movement, the composition of a painting consists of many objects

overlapping on each other. Paintings in synthetic period have a lot of colors and they look very

garish. In contrast to the analytical period, the objects in synthetic period are broken intomany

piecesandthepiecesofanobjectdon’tnecessarilyneedtobeneareachother.Piecesofathingcan

besettlednexttopiecesofotherthingsleadingtosvarietyofformsandshapesinthepaintingand

eachviewermayhavedifferentperspectivestowardtheartwork.Therefore,thecollagemethod is

introducedtothepublic.GeorgesBraqueinventedthecollagemethod;itisactuallyawaythatartists

“Girlwithamandolin”(AnalyticalCubism),PabloPicasso,1910,Oiloncanvas,100.3cmx73.6cm,GalleryofModernArt,NewYorkCity,USA


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usedtomakethesurfaceoftheirpaintingsricherandmoreinterestingbyaddingactualtextures.The

materialsusedwereusuallynewspapers,piecesofwallpaperorplastic.

When talking about Cubismmovement, peoplewill immediately think of Picasso and his glaring

paintings.BorninOctober1881asaSpanishpainter,PabloPicassowasoneofthemostinfluential

and essential artists in modern art. Picasso became a representative for Cubism because of his

applyingthemethodsandtechniqueslearntfromtheotherartists.In1907,Picassowasindifficulty

in findingmaterials for creating artwork. Picasso learnt andwas inspired a lot from the Japanese

wood paintings, impressionism (with Monet), post-impressionism (with Van Gogh) and even the

Africanart.Picassoreallyhelpedtoopenaneweraformodernartandwemayassumethat ifwe

hadn’thadPicasso,wemaynothaveourmodernart.

This painting of Picasso is considered to be in the synthetic period (later Cubism). This painting

generallylooksverycolorfulandabstract.Genuinely,thereisnothingtodowithtraditionalstylesor

“Mandolin and guitar”, Pablo Picasso , 1924, Oil and Canvas, 140.7cm x 200.3cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York


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lawofdistanceoreventheemotionsbecausepaintingsofPicassowereconsideredtobeintellectual

ratherthandescriptiveandemotional.Afterlookingatthetitleandthepainting,Icansaythatthisis

a still life painting with a mandolin and a guitar above a table. But as we try to connect the

background to themain objects, we can see there is a big face – eyes, nose andmouth. Picasso

createdtheeyesbysettlingthemandolinintheleftandtheguitarintheright.Therestoftheface

has various different shapes colliding together to form the nose, the mouth and the ears. This

paintingwasproducedbysuccessfullyapplyingthecollagemethodandIcanseethattherearealot

of textures andmediums in this painting but Picassowas so ingenious in blurring the connection

between the objects. In addition, the colors used by Picasso were also very sophisticated. Being

influencedbytheFauvismperiod,Picassotendedtousebrightandcomplementarycolors.However,

thecolorsinPicasso’spaintingdonotlookharshorintensebutveryharmoniousandcomfortable.

Thecubismperiodwastheonethatbreakstherulesmost.Artistscouldbreaktheobjectsintomany

piecesandplacethematdifferentplaces.Manysmallobjectswouldtogetherformauniquethingas

we can see the artwork “Mandolin and guitar” by Picasso. Paintings look more chaotic and it

provokesthecuriosityinviewers.IthinkArtchangedlargelyanditchangedmymind.Contemplating

acubistpaintingisnowagame.Everyonewouldhaveadifferentopinionaboutwhatheorshesees

andnoonehasthesameanswers.


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Conclusion

Inconclusion,researchingaboutmyquestion:“towhatextentdidtheartistscreateanevolution

invisualartthroughfourtypicalartmovements:Impressionism,Post-impressionism,Fauvism,and

Cubism?” I now know that the change in art wasn’t like any random changes about interests in

everyonemind.Instead,thechangeinartwasarealbattleofperspectivesandthoughts.Fromthe

late19thcentury,Monetstartedtoexposehimselftonatureratherthanstayingstudiotostudyand

drawanobject.Thechangeswereclearlyshownthroughthepaintings.The“Impression,sunrise”by

Monetwas themost clear example to show those changes.Monet usedwider andmore various

color palette rather thanusingbold colors thandid the artists inRenaissanceperiod. In thePost-

Impressionism, artists softened theobjects theydrew.Many techniqueswereused to thicken the

textureofthepaintingsand“Starrynight”byVanGoghwasagreatexamplewhereastheartistused

impastotechniquetocreatevarious layersofcolors.Also, inpost-impressionism,colorsbecameas

on of themain elements. Artists started to use complementary colors to emphasize the objects.

From the Fauvism,objectsdepictedbyartists are simpler andabit squiggly.However, the fauvist

paintingsreallydrawtheattentionoftheviewersbecausetheyhavepairsofcontrastingcolorssuch

aspinkand turquoise, redandgreen. Inaddition,accuracyof colorsandcharacteristicsofobjects

wasn’t amatter anymore. Artist can use any colors to apply on an object and that’s why fauvist

paintings are so impressive. In cubism, paintings become simpler in art side but become more

complicated inpsychology sideas they trick thewayeveryonecontemplates them. I think thatan

evolutioninartoccurred.


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References

Gowing, L. (1985) The Encyclopedia of visual art. Edited by Sir Lawrence Gowing. Danbury, CT:

Grolier Educational Corp.

Boddy-Evans, M. (no date) The Painting by Monet That Gave Impressionism its Name. Available at:

http://painting.about.com/od/famouspainters/ss/monet-impression-sunrise-painting.htm#step4

(Accessed: 30 August 2015).

Impact, T. N. (no date) Vincent van Gogh Starry Night. Available at:

http://www.vangoghgallery.com/painting/starry-night.html (Accessed: 30 August 2015).

rasul, rabia and profile, V. my complete (2011) Visual Communication. Available at:

http://rrasul.blogspot.com/2011/04/pablo-picasso-mandolin-guitar.html (Accessed: 5 October 2015).

Open Window, Collioure (1937) Available at:

http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/Collection/highlights/highlight106384.html (Accessed: 5 October

2015).


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