This work was directed by the NASA Applied Sciences Directorate at the John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. Participation in this work by Science Systems and Applications, Inc., was supported under NASA Task Order NNS04AB54T.

Evaluation of NASA Data Products for RPO Applications

Troy Frisbie (NASA), Dr. Kelly Knowlton (SSAI), Dr. Jane Andrews (SSAI)

NASA, John C. Stennis Space Center

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050237823 2020-07-11T02:01:33+00:00Z

1June 2005

John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi

(Troy Frisbie, Air Quality Project Manager)

• Stennis Space Center (SSC) is one of ten NASA field centers

• Two lines of business: Rocket Propulsion and Applied Sciences

• The Applied Sciences Directorate (ASD) is responsible for evaluating and benchmarking NASA products for partner agencies to develop, support and enhance Decision Support Systems (DSSs)

• ASD Mission: “To optimize benefits from NASA’s Earth Science investments, through Systems Engineering, to advance DSSs that serve the Nation.”

• Remote Sensing: an ASD legacy– NASA’s Commercial Remote Sensing Program (CRSP)– MODIS ground station and downlink capabilities– Scientific Data Purchase (SDP)– Joint Agency for Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE)

2June 2005

Applied Sciences Directorate - Stennis Space Center

ASD supports all 12 national applications including “Air Quality”, and work with other Space Centers to explore new ideas.

EcologicalForecasting

Energy Management

DisasterManagement

CoastalManagement

WaterManagement

Public HealthHomelandSecurity

Invasive Species

CarbonManagement

AviationAir QualityAgriculturalEfficiency

SSC is the Lead Center

3June 2005

Preliminary Investigation – Phase I

• In FY 2004, NASA HQ commissioned SSC ASD to study air quality strategic plans and initiatives within the federal agencies

• Final Draft Made Public February 2005:

“Air Quality: Decision Support Tools, Partner Plans,

Working Groups, Committees”Twelve agencies contacted

Nine agencies had official air quality programs

Shared Concerns: The environment, technology development, the need for partnerships with other federal agenciesAvailable ResourcesEPA Regional Planning Organizations (RPOs) were one of the highest ranking for potential collaboration with NASA

4June 2005

• Why EPA – Regional Planning Organizations?

Have a need for more air quality monitoring

Need quantification for Interstate transport of haze

Would like to address modeling inaccuracies

Currently some capability for accepting NASA

satellite data (FASTNET)

Clearly defined goals and strategies

Some resources available

Report of Findings and Recommendations

5June 2005

Current Actives - Phase II

(Dr. Jane C. Andrews)

Purpose: To investigate how NASA’s Earth Science data products

could be used for RPO applications when integrated with VIEWS

and/or FASTNET

• Time Frame: Complete by September 30, 2005

• Motivation: The Integrated Budget Performance Document

(IBPD), metrics for FY05; “To Benchmark a National

Application, specifically Air Quality”; 5ESA2.1; 5ESA10.1

6June 2005

Approach

• Determine the level of RPO interest

• Determine RPO data requirementsApplicationsSpecifications

• Identify NASA satellite data products that satisfy RPO requirements

• Document VIEWS/FASTNET capabilities and operations

Initial focus will be on FASTNET, with longer-term goal of providing refined data products to VIEWS

• Prepare Report of Findings

• Make Recommendations

7June 2005

Progress Report

• Conducted conference calls with RPOs and affiliated personnel

• Initial teleconference: February 22, 2005

• Subsequent teleconferences: March 16; April 19; May 9, 2005

• Maintained continuous dialog and exchange of ideas, questions

and answers

• Conducted an extensive literature search and review

NASA sensors

FASTNET

Publications related to integration of satellite data

8June 2005

• RPO Applications Defined

PM 2.5 including dust and smoke (ug/m3)

PM 10 including dust (ug/m3)

Nitrogen Oxides and Sulfur Oxides if

possible

Progress Continued

9June 2005

Progress Continued

• RPO Specifications Defined

Daily flyover time

Near Real Time data availability

Horizontal Resolution: 10 – 40 km

Vertical Resolution: Surface and total column (derived if

necessary).

Imagery:

i. Images

ii. Numerical data

10June 2005

Progress Continued

• Currently working to identify RPO specifications for

future FASTNET inputs and outputs

Desired Inputs

Categorical list of monitoring sites

Images

Numerical data

GIS coordinates

Weblinks

11June 2005

• FASTNET Data Base (continued)

Desired Outputs

Images

Numerical data – from satellite imagery

Estimate of uncertainty

Sun angle

Ground conditions

Cloud or other potential interference

Non-detect code or flag, i.e., cloud masks

Model inputs

Progress Continued

12June 2005

(Dr. Kelly Knowlton)

Currently identifying satellite datasets for RPO

applications and specifications

Satellite Imagery

13June 2005

VITAL FACTS:PRODUCT SUMMARY: Tracking of aerosols including particle size,

dust, smoke and ozone.

• Instrument: Whiskbroom imaging radiometer

• Spectral Bands: 36 from 0.4 to 14.5 µm (visible and infrared)

• Spatial Resolution: 0.25 km, 0.50 km, and 1 km

• Repeat Time: Global coverage in 1-2 days (up to 2X/day)

• Design Life: 6 years

• Forty-four standard MODIS products

• Aerosol (MOD04) and Cloud (MOD06) Products identified

MISSIONS:

• Terra – Dec. 1999

• Aqua – May 2002

OWNER:

• U.S., NASA

FOLLOW-ON:

• VIIRS – NPOESS

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)

14June 2005

MOD 04: Aerosol Product

Spatial Temporal Characteristics

1- 2 day repeat

Time Interval

10 km

Grid Resolution

2

Processing Level

Product -

NASA Satellite Data Products

MOD 06: Cloud Product

Product Spatial-Temporal CharacteristicsTime Interval Grid Resolution Processing Level

1 – 2 day repeat

1 – 2 day repeat

21 km (cloud optical parameters and cirrus detection)

5 km (cloud top parameters) 2

15June 2005

MODIS Visible Image and Corresponding Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)

MODIS “Visible”composite & AOD estimate for 7/6/02

MODIS AOD Algorithm initially filtered out the densest Quebec smoke,but nicely captured the sulfate haze, displaced slightly to the SW of its“usual” location

Credit: Rich Poirot, Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, MANE-VU RPO

16June 2005

TOMS(Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer)

VITAL FACTS:

PRODUCT SUMMARY: Measurements of aerosol particulates, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. Does not differentiate between dust and smoke.

• Instrument: Backscatter UV spectrometer• Spectral Bands: Six from 0.3086 to 0.360 µm (UV)

• Horizontal Resolution: 40 x 40 km at nadir

• Vertical Resolution: ~5 km

• Vertical Profile: 0-58 km

• Repeat Time: Daily global coverage

• Design Life: 2 years (exceeded)

OWNER:• U.S., NASA

HERITAGE:• SBUV

FOLLOW-ON:• OMI• Aura mission -June

2004

17June 2005

VITAL FACTS:PRODUCT SUMMARY: Detects dust, smoke, nitrogen oxides,

sulfur oxides and ozone on a daily or bi-daily basis; Reduced interference by clouds.

• Instrument: Hyperspectral pushbroom imager

• Spectral Bands: 740 over 0.270-0.314 µm, 0.306-0.380

µm, 0.350-0.500 µm (UV and visible)

• Horizontal Resolution: 13 x 24 km (nominal), 13 x 13

km (zoom), and 36 x 48 km (ozone profiles)

• Vertical Resolution: 6 km (ozone profiles)

• Repeat Time: Daily global coverage

• Design Life: 5 years

MISSION:

• Aura – June 2004

HERITAGE:• TOMS

• GOME

• SBUV

OWNERS:

• Netherlands, NIVR

• Finland, FMI

• U.S, NASA

Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)

FOLLOW-ON:

•NPP OMPS

18June 2005

OMI Separation of Aerosol Types using Aerosol Indices

P. Stammes and R. Noordhoek, OMI Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Vol. III, Version 2.0, 2002.

• Near UV Index (342.5 and 388.0 nm) - permits separation of non-absorbing aerosols (sulfates) from absorbing aerosols (dust, smoke)

• Visible Index (388.0 and 494.5 nm) - permits separation of dust from smoke (provided smoke aerosol optical thickness is less than 2)

Aerosol Index

• Is derived from the ratio of two radiance measurements

• Dependent on absorption &reflection

19June 2005

Dense smoke layer over Alaska on August 21 04

OMI Extinction Optical Depth

OMI Single Scattering Albedo

Aqua-MODIS RGB image

OMI Absorption Optical Depth

Credit: Omar Torres, JCET, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

20June 2005

OMI NO2 Compared with WRF Model for Surface NOx

Potential for “real-time”continuous model evaluation?

Note: WRF (& NAAPS) Model results available via FASTNET as images-only

Credit: Rich Poirot, MANE-VU RPO

21June 2005

OMI SO2 Image: Eruption of the Manam Volcanoin New Guinea

NASA image courtesy of Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16820

“The Manam volcano erupted explosively in the middle of the night on January 27, 2005, sending a cloud of ash and sulfur dioxide over New Guinea. About 12 hours after the eruption, OMI flew over. This image was produced from preliminary, uncalibrated data provided by OMI.”

22June 2005

OMI

• Currently being Validated and Verified by Goddard Space

Flight Center (GSFC) Personnel

• Data are still very provisional

• Level 3 gridded ozone data – became available March 27, 2005

• Level 2 data for ozone and reflectance – NOW AVAILABLE

through the DACC at GSFC

• Aerosol, NOx and SO2 data – possibly available in fall, 2005

• Probably can’t detect sharp peak SO2 plumes but may be able to detect after

plume spreads out

23June 2005

Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer( TES)

VITAL FACTS:PRODUCT SUMMARY: Direct global measurements of nitrogen

oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone.

• Instrument: High-resolution IR spectrometer

• Bands: Four from 3.2 to 15.4 µm, tunable (infrared)

• Horizontal Resolution: 5.3 x 8.5 km (nadir mode) for O3, CO,

CH4; 53 x 169 km (limb mode) for O3, CO, HNO3, NO2, CH4

• Vertical Resolution: 2.3 km (limb mode)

• Vertical Profile: 0-34 km (limb mode)

• Repeat Time: Every 2 days

• Design Life: 3 years

MISSION:

• Aura – June 2004

HERITAGE:

• ATMOS

• SCRIBE

• AES

OWNER:

• U.S., NASA

24June 2005

TES

• All TES data and images are provisional at this time

• TES is currently off line but should be back up in acouple of weeks

• TES is capable of detecting surface ozone from0 – 5 km, 5 -10 km, etc. (higher vertical resolution than OMI)

25June 2005

TES Vertical Ozone Profile

http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/aura_first3.html

Example of what will be available

26June 2005

Process to Develop a System to Integrate Satellite Remote Sensing and In Situ Air Quality Data

Select Remote Sensing Indices

Develop & Populate Geo-Referenced

Relational Database

Develop & Maintain Query System

NASA & RPOs jointly decide which remote sensing air quality indices will be the most useful for comparing to in situ air quality measurements

NASA develops and maintains a geo-referenced relational database with web access that is consistent with the agreed-upon query system.

RPOs develop and maintain the web based query system that accesses the remote sensing and in situ air quality data bases with tools for joint display, summary and analysis

27June 2005

Short Term Benefits to the RPOs

• Apply satellite data to emissions inventories

• Build advanced affordable air quality models

• Increase model accuracy and sensitivity

• Provide rich spatial information to supplement data analysis of local, regional, and intercontinental transport events from manmade and natural source influences

28June 2005

Long Term Benefits to the RPOs

• Link satellite data to atmospheric transport dispersion models, using satellite data to fill in the gaps

• Embed global and regional models

• Model Evaluation – International Tracking Capabilities

• Convert International Models to Air Quality Field Emissions

• Develop historical archive for retrospective event analysis, refining natural background estimates and discerning long-term chronic source influences

29June 2005

Acknowledgements

Jill Engel-Cox Battelle Memorial Institute and Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD

Ray Hoff Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD

Rudy Husar Center for Air Pollution Impact and Trend Analysis, George Washington University, St. Louis, MO

Mark Janssen Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, Emissions Director, Midwest RPO, Des Plaines, IL

Tom Moore Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; WRAP RPO

Marc Pitchford NOAA – Air Resources Laboratory, Desert Research Institute, LasVegas, NV; WRAP RPO

Rich Poirot Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Department of Environmental Conservation, Air Pollution Control Division, Waterbury, VT; MANE-VU RPO

Dale Quattrochi Earth and Planetary Science Branch, NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL

30June 2005

Evaluation of NASA Data Products for RPO Applications

Questions?

31June 2005

Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Thickness (τ) and Single Scattering Albedo (ωο) from Aerosol Indices

P. Stammes and R. Noordhoek, 2002

A determination of τ and ωo from measured radiance values for a particular atmospheric model; the specific relation of τ and ωo to radiance values depends on the atmospheric model

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188

1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)08-06-2005

2. REPORT TYPE Conference Presentation (Final)

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLEEvaluation of NASA Data Products for RPO Applications

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

NASA Task Order NNS04AB54T

6. AUTHOR(S)Troy Frisbie (1)Dr. Kelly Knowlton (2)Dr. Jane Andrews (2)

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)(1) Applied Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Code MA00, Bldg. 1100, John C. Stennis Space Center, MS 39529(2) Applied Sciences Directorate, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Bldg. 1105, John C. Stennis Space Center, MS 39529

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Applied Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Code MA00, Bldg. 1100, John C. Stennis Space Center, MS 39529

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

10. SPONSORING/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)

NASA ASD

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESPresentation at Air Quality Regional Planning Organizations' National Technical Meeting, Boulder, CO, USA, June 8-10, 2005

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTPublicly available STI per NASA Form 1676

19b. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON

Troy Frisbie

14. ABSTRACTThis presentation summarizes preliminary investigations at SSC by NASA's ASD in Air Quality including decision support tools, partner plans, working groups, and committees. An overview of follow-on short-term and long-term objectives is also provided. A table of potential NASA sensors for use with air quality applications is included, along with specifications for MODIS 04 and 06 products. This presentation was originally given by Rich Piorot of the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation - Air Quality as part of a round-table discussion during "Exploring Collaborative Opportunities in Air Quality Monitoring, Modelling and Communication Workshop" in Boulder, CO, on March 21-22, 2005; verbal consent for this presentation to be provided to Mr. Piorot was given by the NASA SSC ASD Air Quality Program Manager on March 14, 2005.

15. SUBJECT TERMSNASA satellite data, MODIS, VIEWS

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