Tropical savanna period 3
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Transcript of Tropical savanna period 3
Locationandclimate
LocatedbetweenTropicofCancerandtheTropicofCapricorn.CoverslargeareasofAustralia,SouthAmerica,andIndia.Temperature:78degreesto80degreesFahrenheit.Wetseason- summerwarmerintherainyseasonthanthedryseasonbecauseitishumid.AnnualRainfall:Between30- 50inches(4inchesamonth,duringdryseason)
EnergyFlow
Thefoodpyramidshowshowenergyflowsthroughthefoodchainandthefeedingrelationshipsofgroupsoforganisms.
EnergyFlow
Totheleftisthebiomasspyramidandtotherightisthenumberpyramid.Bothrepresenttheenergyflowisthebiome.Itisdemonstratedhowtheenergyflowsfromproducerstosecondaryconsumersandlosesenergyintheprocessofthetransfers.
Thefoodchainrepresentshowonechainofanimalsreceivesitsenergyfromitsdiet.Thefoodwebshowshowdifferentchainscanworkinthebiome.Ahyenacaneatazebraoracheetahcaneatazebra.Bothsecondaryconsumersreceivethesameamountofenergyfromtheprimaryconsumer.
PrimaryProductivityv TropicalSavannashave
fairlyhighlevelsofnetprimaryproductivity.Itmakes3000NetPrimaryProductivity(Kilocalories/squaremeter/year).
v Thesavannagrossprimaryproductionisabout50billionkcal/year.
v Themostadvantageoustemperatureatwhichphotosynthesistakesplaceisfromnearfreezingto70to80° F.Theratesofphotosynthesisandrespirationincreasewithhighertemperatures.Anytemperaturesaboveorbelowtheselevelslimitplantgrowth.Theaveragetemperatureofatropicalsavannaisaround75-80° F.
SuccessionPrimarysuccession
Primarysuccessioniswhensomethinggrowsinplacewheretherewasnogrowthbefore.Anexampleofprimarysuccessionisifthereisavolcaniceruption,mossgrowsonthevolcanicrock,shortgrassstartstoformfromthesoilformedfromrock,thesoilgetsdeeperandthegrassstartstogettaller,eventuallywhenabigenoughlayerofsoilformstreesstartgrowing.
SecondarySuccessionSecondarysuccessionismostcommonoutofthetwo,especiallybecauseofhowcommonseasonalfiresareinthisbiome.Theseasonalfiresburndownmanytrees,grasses,andshrubs.Burntplantsclearsfromtheareaandleavestheareawithrichsoilformoretogrow.
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Humanimpact
MDC:• Nigeria:inthisregion,landdegradationismainlycausedbyagriculturalactivitiessuchastreefellingfuelwoodandtimberproduction,cropexpansion,andagriculturalintensification.Duetothis,thisregionsuffersfromlossofsoilfertility.What'sbeingdonetosolvethisisthatorganizations,suchasSHED- Africa,areworkingwithruralandurbanpoorcommunitiestoraiseawareness.AnotherwayisregulationsthattheFederalGovernmentofNigeriasetfourthtoregulateforestactivities.
• USA:IntheUS,longleafpinesavannashavebeenaffectedbylogging.Duetothis,itfaceslessbiodiversitysincemanyspecieslinein,onornearthetreesbeingtorndown;climatechangeanddeclineinsoilfertility.Thisisbeingsolvedbyorganizationsraisingawarenessandseparatetreefarmstoprovidetimber.
HumanimpactLDC:
• Somalia:thisregionsufferseconomicallyfromlossofbiodiversityduetothehuntingofanimalssosurroundingvillagesthatdon'thavemuchresourcescouldeattheseanimalsinordertolive.Thisareasissolvingbyhavingprotectedregionsandfindingotheralternativesforresourcestousebesidestimber
• Ethiopia:duetohowmuchthevillagesaroundthisareausefire,thespreadoffirehasdestroyedthesoilcausingittodryupandtheuseoffireforhuntingkillsoffmanyanimalsthatdestroysthebiodiversity.Thisisbeingsolvedbycontrollingintentionalfiresforhunting.
Differences.ThedifferencebetweenMDCandLDCishowitishandled.InanMDC,thereareeffortstolessenthedestructionofthebiosphereandtheseproblemscanbesolvedsimplybyresortingtootherwaystobothgettingresourcesandnotharmingecosystemsthatarevitaltoplantsandanimalsbut,withLDCnotmuchisbeingdoneduetotheneedtofirstsurviveratherthanprotectthesesavannassothisisn'tatoppriorityatthispoint.Waysthatpeoplearetryingtosolvetheseproblems:Nowmanycountriesthathavesavannasareregulatingfires,huntingandloggingthatdestroysthisenvironment.Newlawsarebeingpassedtoprohibitactivitiesthatarepotentialharmfultotheenvironment.