Trooper's DNA results

8/10/2019 Trooper's DNA results

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Results for:

TROOPER

4 2 0 3 5 0 0

30 OCTOBER 2014


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INSIDE THIS REPORT

We have successfully processed the blood sample for Trooper and summarized our findings in this report. Inside, you

will find information about your dogs specific genetic markers as well as insights into what kind of breeds make up

your dogs ancestry.

Your veterinarian will be able to give you more insight into how these findings impact your dogs health and

wellness. Use this report to work closely with your veterinarian to develop an individual health plan.

THIS REPORT INCLUDES:

Genealogy Findings

Breed Characteristics

Genetic Markers

Nutritional Recommendations

Genetic Ancestry Certification


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4 2 0 3 5 0 0TROOPER

GENEALOGY FINDINGS

What breeds make up Trooper?The ROYAL CANIN Genetic Health Analysis completed over 7 million iterations and has typed over 13,000 dogs

to determine the most likely combination of breeds that best fit the DNA marker pattern observed in your dog,

going back three generations.

ChowChow

MixedBreed

StaffordshireBull Terrier

MixedBreed

BulldogMixedBreed

MixedBreed

MixedBreed

ChowChow Mix

StaffordshireBull Terrier Mix

BulldogMix

MixedBreed

Chow Chow / S taffordshireBull Terrier Mix

BulldogMix

Trooper


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GENEALOGY FINDINGS

What does the Mixed Breed Ancestry mean for Trooper?

A portion of Troopers ancestry was predicted to be mixed beyond 3 generations. While it is difficult to identify strong

breed signals in this mixed portion, the 5 breeds with the strongest statistical likelihood identified in the analysis of your

dogs DNA are listed below.

The breeds are listed by the relative strength of each result in the analysis with the most likely at the top of the list. One

or more of these breeds could havecontributed to the genetic makeup of the ancestors indicated by the mixed breed

icon. Note that it is highly unlikely that all these breeds are present in Troopers ancestry.

There could also be a breed or breeds present in the mixed breed component that cannot be detected with the current

database of over 250 breeds, types and varieties.

Kerry Blue Terrier

Chihuahua

Alaskan Malamute

Saint Bernard

Welsh Terrier

Detection

Threshold

Want to learn more about the science behind our genealogy findings? Visit RoyalCaninGHA.com.
http://www.royalcaningha.com/


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BREED CHARACTERISTICS: EXAMPLE

How genetics influence breed appearance and behavior.

This report includes common behavioral and physical traits associated with each of the breeds weve detected in

your dogs DNA. But remember, the link between genes and their expression in specific dogs is complex. Its likely

that your dog exhibits characteristics of each breed in different ways some more subtle than others.

Fig. 3.1 An example of breed expression in an individual dog.

We found three primary breeds in our example dog, Frankie. While overall, Frankie is one-of-a-kind, certain

aspects of Frankies behavior and appearance indicate the influence of each of these breeds.

Shetland Sheepdog Italian Greyhound Parson Russell Terrier

Shetland SheepdogA double coat that is feathered

around the legs and tail and

puffs out the chest and mane

is a common trait of Shetland

Sheepdogs.

Italian Greyhound

The Italian Greyhound is known for

its compact, muscular body.

Parson Russell Terrier

These dogs are eager learners and

respond especially well to reward-

based training.


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BREED CHARACTERISTICS: TROOPER

Height:

12 - 16 in

Weight (Show):

35 - 55 lb

Weight (Pet):

32 - 68 lb

Breed Detected:

Bulldog

Ears: Muzzle: Tail:

The Bulldog of today may look a bit like the Bulldog of days gone by, but their personalities are nothing alike. Bulldogs were originally developed to b

fierce bull fighters with a high pain tolerance and an unparalleled aggression. They descended directly from the Bullenbeisser, an Asian dog resemblin

a Mastiff, and the Bulldogs ancestors were used by Roman troops as well as the Teutons and Celts. When the Bullenbeissers were brought to England

breeders started working on reducing the size of the overall dog while increasing the size of the head. The result was a dog that was very effective in bu

baiting and the breed earned the name English Bulldog. It is believed that the Bulldog was first brought to the United States in 1735. In 1835 bull baitinbecame outlawed and breeders started to eliminate the aggressive tendencies of the breed. As a result, todays Bulldogs are much calmer and more suitab

to family life than the Bulldogs of the past.

The Bulldog comes in a range of colors, with brindle (black and brown stripes), blacks, fawns, and tans, with white combinations which range from all-whito small patches of color and piebald color patches. Dogs which are mostly colored, such as brindle sometimes have a white blaze in the chest.

Do you recognize any of these Bulldog traits in Trooper?

Playful, calm, and usually friendly dogs.Bulldogs are less energetic than other breeds, although they stillneed exercise to avoid becoming obese.

Stubborn tendencies may be lessened by using reward-basedtraining involving small treats.

A Bulldog can be tenacious or difficult to disengage from an activitythat has its attention.


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4 2 0 3 5 0 0TROOPER


Height:

18 - 22 in

Weight (Show):

40 - 65 lb

Weight (Pet):

42 - 69 lb

Breed Detected:

Chow Chow

Ears: Muzzle: Tail:

The Chow Chow is a venerable breed dating back at least two thousand years. Many believe that the breed originated in China, but there is some evidenc

that indicates the Chow Chow actually migrated to China from Mongolia and Manchuria. While no one can say for sure from which breeds the Chow Cho

has descended, it is believed that the breed has Tibetan mastiff and Samoyed in its bloodline. The Chow Chow served a dual purpose in China. Some wer

used for hunting while others were used to guard the sacred temples from evil entities. The East Indian Company brought the Chow Chow to England in 17

and Queen Victoria received Chow Chows as a gift in 1865. During the 1880s, the numbers of Chow Chows imported increased drastically. The Chow Chois one of the oldest known breeds, recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1903.

The Chow Chow comes in either rough or smooth coat, with the rough having a more fluffy appearance. The coat may have lighter shading and be one five colors; black, blue, cinnamon, cream, and red, which varies from a light golden to a deep mahogany. The Chow is famous for its blue mottled tongueand sometimes has a black mask.

Do you recognize any of these Chow Chow traits in Trooper?

Reputation as a loyal family dog. Reserved and wary with strangers.

Independent spirit, but responds to reward-based obediencetraining.

May require socialization to reduce defensive aggressive tendencies.There have been reported incidents of Chow Chows being aggressivewith other pets or people.


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Height:

13 - 16 in

Weight (Show):

24 - 38 lb

Weight (Pet):

23 - 46 lb

Breed Detected:

Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Ears: Muzzle: Tail:

The origin of the Staffordshire Bull Terrier can be traced back to the seventeenth century. As the sport of bull baiting declined in popularity in Englan

and dogfights became more common, the need for a smaller and more agile fighting dog than the larger bulldog and mastiff that had been used becam

clear. Bulldogs were bred to reduce their size and eventually a cross between these smaller dogs and the Black and Tan Terrier resulted in the Staffordshi

Bull Terrier. Eventually dog fighting also began to lose its popularity and was finally outlawed in 1835. The Staffordshire Bull Terrier remained in favor wit

working class families, however, and soon after the ban on dog fighting a group of workers in the Staffordshire area attempted to preserve the breed bintroducing it into the world of dog shows. The breed was officially introduced to the Kennel Club in England in 1935, and was accepted into the America

Kennel club in 1974.

The Staffordshire Bull Terrier comes in red, fawn, black, white, blue (gray), brindle (black and brown striped), and lighter shades of brindle. These coloare seen either solid or particolor with white.

Do you recognize any of these Staffordshire Bull Terrier traits in Trooper?

Intelligent, tenacious, and quiet dogs. Sometimes referred to asnanny dogs because they are usually good with children.

Staffordshire Bull Terriers seem to enjoy dog sports such as agility,flyball, rally and competitive obedience.

Stubborn tendencies may be lessened by using reward-basedtraining involving small treats and favorite toys.

There have been reported incidents of Staffordshire Bull Terriersbeing aggressive with other pets or people.


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GENETIC MARKERS

Troopers Health Blueprint

Beyond understanding how your dogs ancestors influence appearance and behavior, the ROYAL CANIN

Genetic Health Analysis also identifies genetic markers specific to your dog that can predict the

possibility of certain health conditions based on:

Breed History

Individual Genetic Makeup

If any of these markers were found, we would have alerted your veterinarian. If you have not already

consulted with your veterinarian, be sure to schedule an appointment to find out more information

regarding any potential health condition and any health screenings that may be recommended.

Please keep in mind that this test is not designed to detect diseases, but to alert you and your veterinarian

of a predisposition your dog may have to certain diseases and health issues. The main goal of the Genetic

Health Analysis is to help your and your veterinarian create a custom health and wellness plan for your

dog.


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NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

Royal Canin has spent over 40 years researching the science of pet nutrition. And now, with the wealth of

information from the Genetic Health Analysis, were able to use our expertise to provide you with precise

nutritional recommendations based on your dogs genetics.

Adult weight:

23 - 55 lbs

Size Category:

Medium

Age until

Adulthood:

< 12 months

Age until

Seniority:

< 7 years

Troopers Nutritional Needs

As a Puppy: A puppys natural defenses are not yet fully developed. A diet with antioxidants such as Vitamin E, VitaminC, Taurine and Lutein can help support a puppys natural defenses.

Puppies in the medium size category may have ancestors bred for hunting and other high energy activities. It is importantto feed your puppy a diet with the appropriate amount of calories for his/her lifestyle in order to maintain a healthy weight.

In addition to size and life stage, Genetic Health Analysis also identifies breeds within your dogs family tree.Understanding nutritional needs within the breed makeup could help you and your veterinarian gain insight intoselecting the optimal diet for your pets overall wellness.

Please remember that the nutritional considerations in this report are only a guide. Every dog is unique and

has nutritional needs based on multiple factors including medical history, environment, lifestyle, and lifestage. It is very important that you consult your veterinarian for a precise diet recommendation.


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ANALYSIS SUMMARY

How Genetic Health Analysis works

The process started when you sent a sample to our laboratory, where the DNA was extracted from the cells and examinedfor the 321 markers that are used in the test. The results for these markers were sent to a computer, that evaluated themusing a program designed to consider all of the pedigree trees that are possible in the last three generations. The treesconsidered include a simple pedigree with a single breed (a likely pure-bred dog), two different breeds at the parentallevel (a first-generation cross), all the way up to a complex tree with eight different great-grandparent breeds allowed.

Our computer used information for over 250 breeds, varieties, and types from our breed database to fill these potentialpedigrees. For each of the millions of combinations of ancestry trees built and considered, the computer gave each a scorerepresenting how well that selected combination of breeds matched to your dogs data. The pedigree with the overall best

score is the one which is shown on the ancestry chart. Only breeds that reached our set confidence threshold for reportingare reported in the ancestry chart.

Each dog is unique and their physical and behavioral traits will bethe result of multiple factors, including genetics, training, handling,and environment. Royal Canins proprietary Genetic Health Analysisprovides insight into the behavioral traits in breeds that have beenidentified in your dog, the predicted genetic adult weight range andbreed-related risks of developing certain genetic diseases. A dogsweight range can vary significantly depending on age, diet and exercise.Genetic Health Analysis is not intended to diagnose diseases or predictbehavior in any particular dog.

In the unlikely event that it is not possible to determine breed history,predicted adult weight range or breed-related health risks, or if an errorin the analysis occurs, liability by Royal Canin or related companies andindividuals is disclaimed and damages in any event are limited to thepayment actually received by Royal Canin for the individual specifiedanalysis at issue.

Genetic Health Analysis is designed and intended to be used solely toidentify the genetic history of your dogs recent ancestry and no otherpurpose is intended, authorized or permitted.

Many countries and provinces have breed-specific ordinances and lawsthat may require special handling or prohibit the ownership of somedogs with a particular breed in their genetic background. Genetic HealthAnalysis is not intended to be used by regulatory or animal controlofficials to determine whether a particular breed is legislated or bannedin a particular community. Nor is Genetic Health Analysis intended tobe used in any judicial proceedings. Rather, it is intended to be usedas a tool or resource in determining a dogs genetic history. NeitherRoyal Canin nor any related company is responsible for compliance or

notification regarding these matters.Royal Canin continues to study the complexities of the canine genome,with the goal of continuing to add breeds and the ability to detectadditional breed-related disease conditions to Genetic Health Analysisin the future.

If you have any questions about the results, please contact Technical Services at

1.800.592.6687.


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WEHEREBYCERTIFYTHAT:

TROOPER

ISGENETICALLY

COMPOSEDOFTHEFOLL

OWINGCANINEBREEDS:

Bulldog

ChowChow

StaffordshireBullTerrier

Mix

edBreed

ASDETERMINEDBYAROYALCANINGENETICANALYSISOFOVER320UNIQUEDNA

M

ARKERSANDAPROPRIETARYBREEDDETECTION

ALGORITHM

EXAMINING

THELAST

THREEGENERATIONSOFANCESTRY.

SIGNED:

DR.ANGEL

AHUGHESDVM

PHD,VETERINARYGENETICIST,

ONTHIS30THDAYOFOCTOBERIN

THEYEAR2014

Trooper's DNA results

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