TRIZ for Information Era, Artificial Intelligence and Systems with a Mind

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c r a f t i n g i n n o v a t i o n t o g e t h e r

Inventing in an Expanding Frontier of Ignorance

TRIZ for Information-era

Artificial Intelligence and Systems with a

[email protected]+91 9902766961

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May 1, 2023© Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd. 2

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Congratulations and Thank YOU


“We do not yet know all the basic laws: there is an expanding frontier of ignorance” ~ Richard Feynman (Lectures on Physics, 1962)

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“We do not yet know all the basic laws: there is an expanding frontier of ignorance” ~ Richard Feynman (Lectures on Physics, 1962)

AltshullerAt the dawn of the human race mankind conquered the illuminating power of fire.

Now we are learning to conquer something much more powerful, the power of mind, to penetrate and illuminate an unknown future

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Laws and Life ?First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy of the

Universe is constant.Second Law of Thermodynamics : The Entropy of

the Universe always increases.


Living creatures – are they an example of anti-thesis to second law?

“Living creatures confound the usual computation of entropy. More generally so does information” ~ James Gleick in “The Information”

From observations and measurements, the physicists derive scientific laws; with these laws, people create machines never seen in nature, with the most improbable structure.

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What Life does – it Evolves!


Charles Darwin !

Question : Why evolution missed the “wheel”? Left it to humans to invent?

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…. But then it seems so does everything else -The Theory of Evolution – Explaining Human

Cultural Evolution!


Matt Ridley, “the way the human history is taught can therefore mislead, because it places far too much emphasis on design, direction and planning, and far too little on evolution”.

“The way in which the streams of human culture flow is gradual, incremental, undirected, emergent and driven by natural selection among competing ideas.

And though it has no goal in mind, cultural evolution none the less produces functional and ingenious solutions to problems – what biologists call adaptations.”

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Universe as an Evolutionary System – a new understanding (NASA report 2009)• Cosmic Evolution, the idea that

the universe and its constituent parts are constantly evolving, has become widely accepted only in the last 50 years. — a century after Darwin proposed that evolution by natural selection applies to life on our own planet

• Cosmos and Culture : Cultural Evolution in a Cosmic Context / Steven J. Dick and Mark Lupisella, editors. (NASA Report 2009)


Emergence of Order, Form and Structure

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9

INVENTION and “Method of INVENTING”

• New and Non-obvious Technical Solution to a Problem (Patent Law)– New (Novel) in the whole world?– Non-obvious (there is an

inventive step)– Technical solution (“techne”,

Greek for "art, skill, cunning of hand“)

– Problem (usually a conflict, contradiction or change)

• Our method of Inventing TRIAL and ERROR

• INEFFICIENT PROCESS• TIME CONSUMING• RANDOM • LEAVING IT TO

SERENDIPITOUS INSIGHT IN THE MIND – ARCHIMEDES EUREKA MOMENTS

• IDEAS COME TO PREPARED MINDS

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10

SYSTEM AND FUNCTION

• System - from fundamental principles point of view – set of elements working together to achieve an

objective or perform a function. – set of elements (Energy-matter organized in space-time) working together

(exchanging energy and information) to achieve an objective or perform a function (Create Change - in Matter, Energy and Information in Space-time).

• When the system is achieved by thought and consciousness we make systems artificial – A TECHNICAL SYSTEM

System

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11

TRIZ - SYSTEMS EVOLVES TOWARDS IDEALITY

• Altshuller was the first to realize that the direction of progress, or technical evolution, is defined by increasing the ideality level

• An Ideal system does not exist, but all of its functions are fulfilled at the right time and at the right place — without energy, substance, or other resources, and without any ill effects.

Ideality provides an overall starting point for thinking – rather than searching in the current “mess”

Searching for a needle in a Haystack!

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12

TRIZ LAWS OF SYSTEM EVOLUTIONPaths to IDEALITY

1. Law of Increasing Degree of Ideality - Increasing Ratio -> Benefits/Harm (cost)

2. Law of Non-uniform evolution of subsystems -> Leads to System Conflicts

Trial and Error

• Technical Contradictions

• Physical Contradictions

• Administrative Contradictions

• Inventive Principles • Separation

Principles

3. Law of Transition to a higher Level system -> from simple to more complex

4. Law of Increasing dynamism (flexibility) -> More adaptable to change

5. Law of Transition to micro-level -> Increasing fragmentation

6. Law of Completeness -> Gradual Elimination of Human Component7. Law of Shortening of Energy Flow Path -> Reduction in Energy/Info transformation stages

8. Law of Increasing controllability -> Evolution of controlled interactions of system elements

9. Law of Harmonization of rhythms -> Synchronization of natural frequencies of elements

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13

TRIZ - 5 Levels of Invention

77% of inventions

emanate from a simple

improvement of a system

parameter or slight

modification of the system

Incr

easi

ng

Stre

ngth

Strong Inventions –

Level 3 to Level 5

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14

INVENT STRONG - FRAMEWORK

• Changes in the System Hierarchy – New/alternative operating principles of the system

• Laws of System Evolution– Resolving System

Contradiction– Moving along the laws

of system evolution

Paths to IDEALITY – 9 Laws of System Evolution

How to Invent Strong – A Framework http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2514807

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15

INVENT STRONG - FRAMEWORK

• Changes in the System Hierarchy – New/alternative operating principles of the system

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Quantifying the level of Invention in a Patent – Using Crafitti’s Strength of Invention Tool

http://aitriz.org/triz-articles/inside-triz/653-levels-of-innovation

May 1, 2023 16© Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

APPLE Filed this patent in 2005

It’s a Level 2 Invention

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Height of Inventive Step – Using Laws of Evolution


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Quantifying the Height of Inventive Step


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10 Jan 2006

Power System• Violence• Wealth• Knowledge• Knowledge based Violence

& Wealth• Violence & Wealth based

knowledge

Structure of World

Technological Systems• Information Technology• Industrial Automation• Genomics• Bio-Technology• Smart Materials• Nanotechnology• Propulsion Technology

Geo Political System• Bipolarity/ Multi-polarity• Multinational Companies

controlling the world• Reducing Value of Nation State

Social System• Rise of the Individual/Ethnic/Religious

groupings• Nuclear/Single parent family system• Rise of dissatisfaction

Economic System• Small more Networked

Organizations• Rapid Changes in the way wealth

is generated• Low tariff barriers • Common Currencies and

compatible economic systems• Low entry barriers

Organization Forms• Hierarchies shifting to Networked form

of Organization• Hierarchical Networks• Networked Hierarchies

Bhushan N and Rai K., Strategic Decision Making, Jan 2004, Springer, UK.

World is a Continuous Dynamic Flux

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c r a f t i n g i n n o v a t i o n t o g e t h e rNature

is Fractal!

Wheel could have come only from a “linear mind”– Human mind – because there are no smooth surfaces in nature – for wheel to emerge there should have been a need for it in the environment !

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NORMAL IS NOT NATURAL!

Nature is NON- LINEAR!With Apologies to Six Sigma Gurus!

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Black Swan – The impact of the highly improbable

• “I cannot accept a pretense of science. I much prefer a sophisticated craft, focused on tricks, to a failed science looking for certainties” Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Death of Certainty

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Anti-FragileSoviet-Harvard Illusion

“Lecturing Birds on flight and thinking that the lecture caused their skill at flying” Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Systems that become stronger

under stress

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MIND• THOUGHT• CONSCIOUSNESS• POWER

The STEMI-C-TCP Model

STEMI• SPACE-TIME• ENERGY-MATTER• INFORMATION

CHANGE

Crafting New Choices - Innovation and Decision-Making in the Globalizing World http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2322325

Agriculture Era

Industrial Era

Information Era

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(Revisit) Technical Systems in - Information Era

A technical system is a set of elements that interact with each other and possibly with the environment to deliver "what something is used for - a useful or usable state" through transforming either its own state or the state of the environment in which it exist - which. we call as delivering a function.

A technical system - since it is a transformation from one state to another must have structure to fulfil its functions. The structure needs information. It has to have information about states - or it has to be designed/structured for processing information - which gets manifested in transformation to multiple states.

The more “information” the system uses for performing its designated function the more “automated” it becomes and move to an ideal systems – (TRIZ law of reducing human involvement)

How to make our technical systems informed ? – SOFTWARE


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TRIZ - Ideality in the Information Era


Information Era – Machine with

Software !

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WHAT IS SOFTWARE ….


Software has been defined as (1) instructions (computer programs) that when executed provide desired function and performance, (2) data structures that enable the programs to adequately manipulate information, and (3) documents that describe the operation and use of programs.

Software has considerably different characteristics than those of hardware

• Software is developed or engineered; it is not manufactured in the classical sense

• Software doesn’t “wear-out”• Most software is custom-built, rather than being

assembled from existing components (That may be changing to some extent now …

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Brooks – in Mythical Man-month

• Brooks describes the essence of software entity as a construct of interlocking concepts: data sets, relationships among data items, algorithms and invocation of functions. Since this construct is abstract – in the sense that conceptual construct remains same under different representations, it is difficult to build. According to Brookes’ this irreducible essence of modern software systems: complexity, conformity, changeability and invisibility make it inherently difficult to build.


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Abstract Model of SOFTWARE

• Software at the generic level is about data – processing, communication and representation. The output of data processing leads to information on which further three operations can be performed, i.e., processing, communication and representation. We can represent this fact as below - Processing, communication and storage/representation of data, information and knowledge can be defined as the software technology at the abstract level.


DATA

Processing

Representation/ Storage INFORMATION

KNOWLEDGE Processing

Communication

Fig. 5.1 Software technology in the abstract form

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The act of design is a “goal-oriented, constrained, decision-making, exploration & learning activity which operates within a context, which depends upon the designer’s perception of the context” J.S. Gero, Design Prototypes: A Knowledge Representation Scheme for Design, AI Magazine, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1990.

Design is far more widespread and encompassing than what we usually call software design Kruchten P., Software Design in a Post Modern Era, IEEE Software, Mar-Apr, 2005.

Software Design – Past, Present & Future

Structured Methods/ Functional

Decomposition

70s 80s 90s 00s

Object Oriented Design Approaches

Software Architecture

Service Oriented ArchitectureModel Driven Development

Aspect Oriented Software DevelopmentXP/Agile Methods

No Silver Bullet

Exte

nt o

f Use

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Software System Evolves!

Functionality of Software System (Requirements) Requirements constructed into structure Deployment and Usage creates new requirements (new

functionality) Software system changes structure through

– Addition of new structural elements (e.g. new functionality)– Changes (e.g. bug-fixing) in the existing system

Evolutionary nature of software systems keeps on increasing system complexity

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Software System Evolution – Complexity IncreasesC

ompl

exity

Time

Initial Software Design

Major Design Change

New Functionality – Redesign and New patch

The Final Software System – Highly Complex

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Software Complexity

Complexity is Increasing!

Non-physical nature of software systems, where intuition, experience and judgment of experts plays more important role than quantitative and measurable metrics of the traditional engineering world.

How can we craft “Systems of Systems” and “Ultra Large Systems” – Are we creating the approaches for these?

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The way we are handling it…

Complexity leads to Emergence

“I know English but none of my neurons do”

– Ray Kurzweil, “Singularity is Near”

The Evolutionary Approach

A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked. A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be patched up to make it work –

Grady Booch

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The needs of the future – Ultra Large Systems (ULS) Design

“These technologies and methodologies (SOA, W3C, MDA, HPC, Global Command & Control Systems, Global Information Grid, Network Centric Systems) and others …. In key ways, however, each is deficient in meeting the challenges associated with ULS systems of the future.

None addresses the set of root characteristics of ULS systems or the complexity stemming from the scale and the ecosystem nature of ULS systems.

Dealing with these characteristics, challenges, and complexity at the fidelity needed for ULS systems requires a new generation of research areas that are informed by—but not necessarily constrained by—the existing technology base.”

“Ultra Large Scale Systems – Software Challenge of the Future”, SEI Book, 2006

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Why TRIZ missed information Era? There were no Software

Patents !


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Patent - Case Law Evolution


Gottschalk v Benson (1972) (No Software Patent)It is conceded that one may not patent an idea. But in practical effect that would be the result if the formula for converting BCD numerals to pure binary numerals were patented in this case.

Parker v Flook (1978) (No Software Patent)Respondent's method for updating alarm limits during catalytic conversion processes, in which the only novel feature is a mathematical formula, held not patentable under 101 of the Patent Act.

1981 - Diamond v Diehr (Patent Granted)The process of curing synthetic rubber depends on a number of factors including time, temperature and thickness of the mold. A claim drawn to subject matter otherwise statutory does not become non-statutory simply because it uses a mathematical formula, computer program, or digital computer.

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Why Software is Different …


http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1036/957

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STEMI to MIND- Era

Technical Systems with the Mind of their own!

Artificial Intelligence (intelligence gets reflected in the output and behavior of the system, whether the system is conscious in the human sense or is thinking in the human sense is not important)


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Proposed a NEW LAWVery clearly visible in the software based Era

of technical systems that we are in!Law of Increasing

Intelligence of Technical Systems

http://aitriz.org/triz-articles/inside-triz/596-law-of-increasing-intelligence-of-technical-systems

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Law of increasing intelligence of systems


http://aitriz.org/triz-articles/inside-triz/596-law-of-increasing-intelligence-of-technical-systems

Stage 1: DUMB SYSTEMS

DUMB MUNITION - A gravity bomb, also known as a free-fall bomb, dumb bomb, iron bomb, or unguided bomb, is a conventional aircraft-delivered bomb that does not contain a guidance system and hence, simply follows a ballistic trajectory.

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Stage 2: GUIDED SYSTEMS

GUIDED MUNITION - A "one-on-one" munition: A specific munition engages a specific target, which is advantageous during close combat situations. An operator is required in the loop to select the target and often assist in the guidance. The munition may be either COMMAND-TO-LINE-OF-SIGHT (CLOS), or possess HOMING GUIDANCE.

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Stage 3: SMART SYSTEMS

SMART MUNITION - A "many-on-many" munition with a minimal target selection capability that does not require an operator in the loop. There are two prime categories of SMART MUNITIONS: terminally guided ("hit-to-kill") and sensor fuzed ("shoot-to-kill").

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Stage 4: BRILLIANT SYSTEMS

BRILLIANT MUNITION - A many-on-many munition that operates autonomously to search for, detect, identify, acquire, and attack specific classes of targets. The sensor on each munition acquires and attacks one among the class of targets, so that in a battlefield situation two munitions may attack the same target leaving others inviolate.

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Stage 5: GENIUS SYSTEMS

GENIUS MUNITION? A Brilliant Munition that combines the elements available in run-time to build a specific munition to destroy/neutralize specific targets that are available now and predicts targets that will be available in near future and get ready with the specific munition that will be needed to neutalize the futuristic targets. A form of an autonomous Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle .

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Stage 6: TRANS-HUMAN SYSTEMS

TRANSHUMAN MUNITIONS? A Munition beyond Human ingenuity/ intelligence

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System capability enabling parameters for next stages of evolution on Law of System Intelligence

(More than the contradiction – we propose that these parameters need to be incorporated for each stage)


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Crafitti’s Structure–Function Interaction Tool (SFIT) for Law of increasing intelligence of Technical

systems


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Lines of System Intelligence under Law of increasing Intelligence


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KEY FINAL POINTS (in Black and White)

• TRIZ has given great insights into the Laws of System Evolution in the Machine Age – and showed the Evolution theory is applicable

• Despite the move into information era – the method of analyzing inventions and then building laws of evolution should have been continued.

• We believe that TRIZ and its associated lenses has given a structured systematic approach for processing current inventions and predicting through extrapolation and knowledge analysis– As Altshuller said – MIND indeed is powerful to penetrate the future – enabled by Evolutionary TRIZ

• In the current Information Era and emerging Mind Era –inventing will be an active collaboration with the technical systems which are increasingly more intelligent.

• Crafitti has been pursuing this research now for last 8 years and author has been in this since 2002. Our results clearly indicate Inventing using TRIZ and evolving TRIZ to uncover the laws of technological evolutions is fruitful endeavor and leads to newer insights continuously for inventing. !


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Congratulations and Thank YOU


“If our small minds, for some convenience divide this universe, into parts – physics, biology, geology, astronomy, psychology and so on – remember that

nature does not know it ” ~ Richard Feynman (Lectures on Physics, 1962)

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May 1, 2023 55

Thank You!

Navneet [email protected]

+91 9902766961

www.crafitti.com

ALVIS– INNOVATION AND DECISIONS IN

GLOBALIZING WORLD

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Contents

May 1, 2023

•About Crafitti

CRAFITTI: Your Global Innovation and IP Think Tank

Crafitti offers active collaboration to craft ideas in multiple innovation contexts.

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May 1, 2023© Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

Our Clients (Representative list)

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WHAT YOU TOLD US…

May 1, 2023 58

• WE DON’T KNOW WHAT’S NEXT• WE DON’T HAVE IDEAS• WE HAVE LOTS OF IDEAS BUT DON’T KNOW WHAT TO DO

WITH THEM• CAN YOU HELP US INVENT• WE HAVE LOTS OF INVENTIONS BUT WE DON’T KNOW IF

THEY CAN BE PATENTED• WE HAVE PATENTS BUT WE DON’T KNOW HOW STRONG

THEY ARE• WE HAVE PATENTS BUT WE DON’T KNOW THEIR VALUE• WE HAVE PRODUCT BUT WE DON’T KNOW THE MARKET• WE HAVE PRODUCT BUT WE DON’T KNOW TO

COMMUNICATE ITS VALUE• WE DON’T NEED INNOVATION BUT CAN YOU BRING US

CLIENTS

WE SAID WE ALSO DON’T

KNOW

BUT TOGETHER WE CAN FIND

OUT

AND TOGETHER WE CREATED

ANSWERS

Crafting Innovation Together

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Crafitti Consulting Private Limited

May 1, 2023 59

Crafting INNOVATION Together

• We co-craft end-customer value with every mind working with us by– Enabling Emergence of NEW– Maximizing the LIFE of EACH

IDEA– Empowering IDEAS– Making Innovation Happen– Future-proofing by creating

Future insights and forecasts

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Crafitti acts through active collaboration to

craft innovation in multiple contexts.


CRAFITTI: Your Global Innovation ThinkTank

Increasing Innovation Momentum in the Enterprise• A systematic, time-

bound, flexible, initiative to transform the Enterprise into Invention Empowered Enterprise

• Unlike other such initiatives we work closely with each and every mind of the Enterprise based on scientific methods honed through years of practice

• The Enterprise is self-enabled and empowered to adapt to and in fact architect positive change continuously

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Crafitti Consulting: Background

61

• INNOVATION RESEARCH AND CONSULTING in business, science and technology contexts

• Started in June 2008 and was incubated at the NSR Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning at IIM Bangalore

• Crafitti’s frameworks provide potent platforms to innovate in crafting strategies, breakthrough products, new services, technological alternatives, patent portfolios, process design and embedding successful change in organizations.

TRIZ for Information Era, Artificial Intelligence and Systems with a Mind

Technology

Transcript of TRIZ for Information Era, Artificial Intelligence and Systems with a Mind