Triumphs of the Crusade
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Transcript of Triumphs of the Crusade
Triumphs of the CrusadeTriumphs of the Crusade
Civil rights activists break through racial barriersCivil rights activists break through racial barriersActivism prompts landmark legislationActivism prompts landmark legislation
(Corresponds to 21.2)(Corresponds to 21.2)
Freedom Riders – June 1961Freedom Riders – June 1961CORE sends racially mixed teams to bus stationsCORE sends racially mixed teams to bus stations– Riders beaten - one bus firebombedRiders beaten - one bus firebombed– Bus companies refuse to carry CORE ridersBus companies refuse to carry CORE riders– Robert Kennedy pressures buses to transport ridersRobert Kennedy pressures buses to transport riders
Protection from 400 Federal MarshalsProtection from 400 Federal Marshals– AL doesn’t provide protectionAL doesn’t provide protection
JFK signs the Interstate Commerce act: JFK signs the Interstate Commerce act: – bans segregation in all travel facilitiesbans segregation in all travel facilities
1962 - Integrating Ole Miss1962 - Integrating Ole Miss
1962 James Meredith 1962 James Meredith enrolls at University of enrolls at University of MississippiMississippi
Governor Ross Barnett Governor Ross Barnett refuses to let Meredith refuses to let Meredith registerregister
JFK orders federal JFK orders federal marshals to escort marshals to escort Meredith to registrar's Meredith to registrar's officeoffice
Heading into BirminghamHeading into Birmingham
April 1963, SCLC April 1963, SCLC demonstrate to desegregate demonstrate to desegregate BirminghamBirmingham
King arrested, writes "Letter King arrested, writes "Letter from Birmingham Jail"from Birmingham Jail"
TV news show police TV news show police attacking child marchers w/ attacking child marchers w/ fire hoses, dogs, clubs fire hoses, dogs, clubs
Kennedy Takes a StandKennedy Takes a StandJune 1963June 1963
Troops force Troops force University of University of Alabama to Alabama to desegregatedesegregate
NAACP's Medgar NAACP's Medgar Evers murdered; Evers murdered; hung juries lead hung juries lead to killer's releaseto killer's release
The Dream of EqualityThe Dream of EqualityAugust 1963August 1963– 250,000 people arrive in DC250,000 people arrive in DC– Demand passage of civil rights billDemand passage of civil rights bill– MLK gives "I Have a Dream" speechMLK gives "I Have a Dream" speech
September 1963September 1963– Birmingham church bombingsBirmingham church bombings– Kill 4 girlsKill 4 girls
Freedom Summer – June 1964Freedom Summer – June 1964
To register black voters in MississippiTo register black voters in Mississippi– Volunteers beaten, killed - homes, churches Volunteers beaten, killed - homes, churches
burnedburned
Civil Rights Act – July 1964Civil Rights Act – July 1964
Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964 became law became law – Prohibits discrimination due to race, religion, Prohibits discrimination due to race, religion,
gendergender
Selma Campaign: March 7 & 9 1965Selma Campaign: March 7 & 9 1965
Protestor killed in Selma, ALProtestor killed in Selma, ALMLK leads 600-person protestMLK leads 600-person protest– TV shows police violenceTV shows police violence
Second march has federal Second march has federal protectionprotection
Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965
Signed August 6Signed August 6
Stops literacy testsStops literacy tests
Permits federal, not local, officials to enroll votersPermits federal, not local, officials to enroll voters
Increases black voter enrollmentIncreases black voter enrollment
Northern SegregationNorthern Segregation
De factoDe facto - by practice, custom - by practice, custom De jureDe jure - by law- by lawWWII black migration to the northWWII black migration to the north– Results in "white flight"Results in "white flight"– Black unemployment twice as high as whiteBlack unemployment twice as high as white– White flight reverses school integration progressWhite flight reverses school integration progress– Angry at police treatment from white officersAngry at police treatment from white officers
Whites baffled by the race riots Whites baffled by the race riots LBJ’s money diverted from programs:LBJ’s money diverted from programs:– War on Poverty, Great Society – these help minoritiesWar on Poverty, Great Society – these help minorities– Redirected to Vietnam WarRedirected to Vietnam War
Black PowerBlack PowerMalcolm XMalcolm X– Nation of Islam wants black & white Nation of Islam wants black & white
separationseparation– Scares whites & moderate blacksScares whites & moderate blacks– Malcolm's trip to Mecca changes attitudeMalcolm's trip to Mecca changes attitude– Killed in 1965Killed in 1965
Black Panthers founded 1966Black Panthers founded 1966– Fight police brutality w/ brutalityFight police brutality w/ brutality– Want black self-sufficiencyWant black self-sufficiency– Provide services in ghettosProvide services in ghettos
Win popular supportWin popular support
Black PowerBlack Power
CORE & SNCC become more militant CORE & SNCC become more militant – Calls for Black Power in 1967 Calls for Black Power in 1967 – Blacks control own lives without whitesBlacks control own lives without whites
SCLC pursues traditional tacticsSCLC pursues traditional tactics
19671967 Supreme CourtSupreme Court overrules overrules prohibition of interracial marriage in prohibition of interracial marriage in Loving v. VirginiaLoving v. Virginia
19681968
MLKMLK– Objects to Black Power Objects to Black Power
movementmovement– Killed April, 1968Killed April, 1968Reactions to King's DeathReactions to King's Death– Worst urban rioting in US history Worst urban rioting in US history – Kerner Commission says riots Kerner Commission says riots
caused by racismcaused by racismRobert Kennedy assassinated two Robert Kennedy assassinated two months latermonths later
TimelineTimeline
June 1961
Freedom Riders
1962
Integrating Ole Miss
April 1963
MLK Arrested in Birmingham
June 1963
Integrating Univ. AL
Aug 1963
MLK speech
Sept. 1963
Church bombings
July 1964
CRA 1964 Signed
June 1964
Freedom Summer
March 1965
Selma Marches
Aug 1965
Voting Rights Act Signed
April 1968
MLK Assassinated
June 1968
RFK Assassinated