Triple Forces of Modernity (1750-present ): Industrialism, Nationalism & Imperialism
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Transcript of Triple Forces of Modernity (1750-present ): Industrialism, Nationalism & Imperialism
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Triple Forces of Modernity (1750-present):Industrialism, Nationalism & Imperialism
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Industrialization
• nature of production: what was produced, as well as where and how
• Goods manufactured in the factory
• productivity & technical efficiency grew
• systematic application of scientific & practical knowledge to manufacturing
• large groups of business enterprises located within a limited area
• growth of cities
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Industrial Revolution
• movement of people to cities
• availability of a greater variety of material goods
• new ways of doing business
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Industrial Revolution
• production shifted from home to factories
• population relocated from the countryside to the towns and cities
• amount of goods and services produced expanded
• proportion of capital invested per worker grew
• new groups of investors, businesspeople, and managers took financial risks and reaped great rewards
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Industrial Revolution: Benefits
• increased prosperity
• greater quantity/quality of stuff
• improved health
• minimum wage
• 40-hour work week
• improved health/safety conditions in the workplace
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Changes in manufacturing methods
• production by hand → complex machines• work in the home to work in the factory• new sources of power: steam, electricity, petroleum, atomic energy,
solar energy• application of science to industry• artificial/synthetic products: plastic, nylon• newer, faster, efficient means of transportation & communication• automation: machines equipped with electronic brains capable of
running other machines• use of computers to store and retrieve data and perform clerical and
mathematical tasks• scientific & mechanized agriculture
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Results of Industrial Revolution• division of labor• standardization• assembly line process [mass production]• higher standard of living• emergence of modern capitalism: private ownership, free enterprise, profit motive,
competition, market economy• rise of corporation: ability to raise capital e.g. stock, limited liability, perpetual life• age of big business• government regulation of industry• global economic interdependence• increased world population [agriculture & medicine]• growth of cities• improved status of women [economic independence]• more comfortable homes• leisure time• impetus to education [skilled workers & mass media]
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Nationalism:Sense of identity
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Nationalism
• improvement in communications
• spread of education
• introduction of national constitutions
• struggle for political rights
• growth of trade and industry
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Nationalism:French Revolution
loyalty to the king was replaced by loyalty to the patrie (“fatherland’)
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Spirit of nationalism
Unification of Germany Unification of Italy
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Nationalism
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Imperialism
I would annex the planets if I could.
Cecil Rhodes
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rival colonial systems
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“Scramble for Africa”
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Financial investment & markets = new profits
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Nationalism (land=greatness)
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“White man’s burden”
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Global military politics(large fleets need ports)
British dreadnought German fleet
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Calamity!