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Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Universal Goals, Canadian Challenges International...
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Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Universal Goals, Canadian Challenges International Cooperation Days 2015 Inés Bustillo Director ECLAC Washington Office May 13 th , 2015
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Transcript of Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Universal Goals, Canadian Challenges International...
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
Universal Goals, Canadian ChallengesInternational Cooperation Days 2015
Inés BustilloDirector
ECLAC Washington OfficeMay 13th , 2015
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
The ECLAC proposal
Equality is the goal, structural change is the path; and the art of politics and policymaking
is the instrument
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
Equality with a rights-based approach
• Time for Equality (Brasilia, 2010 ): equality and economic growth are not at odds with each other, the key is to pursue equality for growth and growth for equality
• Structural Change for Equality (San Salvador, 2012): more productive employment with rights as the master key for equality
• Compacts for Equality (Lima, 2014): a new State-market-society equation with medium-term political agreements
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
Where is Latin America and the Caribbean today?
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
Substantial poverty reduction, although this has come to a standstill, and high levels of inequality
LATIN AMERICA AND OTHER WORLD REGIONS: GINI COEFFICIENT, AROUND 2009
1990 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2012 2013 20140
10
20
30
40
50 48.4
43.8 43.941.9
33.529.6 28.1 28.1 28.0
22.618.6 19.3
15.312.9 11.6 11.3 11.7 12.0
Pobres Indigentes
0.52
0.440.41
0.38 0.380.35 0.33
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Latin America and the
Caribbean (18)
Sub-Saharan Africa (37)
East Asia and the Pacific
(10)
North Africa and Middle
East (9)
South Asia (8)
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
(21)
OECD (20)
LATIN AMERICA: a POVERTYb AND INDIGENCE, 1980-2013c (Percentages)
Source: ECLAC, on the basis of special tabulations of data from household surveys.a Estimate for 18 countries of the region plus Haiti. b Total for indigent plus non-indigent poor.c The 2013 figures are projections.
Source: ECLAC, on the basis of special tabulations of data from household surveys in the respective countries.
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
Inequality also…
• In employment…• In educational attainment…• In access to information and communication technology• In birthrates• In residential selectivity• And others
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
The region is at a crossroads
• After a period of prosperity, the region is facing a more difficult external context and slower economic growth.
• Efforts must be redoubled to shape the future of equality and sustainability.
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
Beyond social policies, it is necessary to change the productive structure, create quality jobs and transition towards activities with a greater degree of sophistication.
To reduce Inequality
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
Investment is insufficient for development needsGROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION, 1950-2010
(In percentages of GDP on the basis of constant dollars of 2005)
19
70
19
72
19
74
19
76
19
78
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
20
10
20
1210
15
20
25
30
35
40
23.1
18.0 18.5 17.9
20.1
22.9
América Latina Asia Oriental y el Pacífico
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
The production structure: a source of inequalities
GDP composition Employment composition0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
66.9
19.8
22.5
30
10.6
50.2
LATIN AMERICA (18 COUNTRIES) : STRUCTURAL HETROGENEITY INDICATORS, AROUND 2009
(Percentages)
High-produtivity segment Medium-productivity segment Low-productivity segment
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
Improve linkages with the global economy
LATIN AMERICA AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES OF EAST ASIA: PATTERN OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND PARTICIPATION IN EXPORTS,
1985-2011a(In percentages)
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS BY INTENSITY LEVEL TECHNOLOGY, 1981-2013 a
(In percentages of the total)
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
Unlike our region, the developing countries in Asia hold an ever larger stake
in global knowledge generation
1990 2000 2012
Developed countries a 87.3 75.2 52.4
Rest of the world 12.7 24.8 47.8
China 1.0 3.8 27.8
Republic of Korea 2.6 7.4 8.0
Latin America and the Caribbean
1.9 3.5 2.5
WORLD PATENT APPLICATIONS(Percentages)
Source: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).a Includes Europe, United States and Japan.
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
On the social front …
Ensure further progress through fiscal policies and social spending, with strengthened institutions promoting equality in all its dimensions.
Trilogía de la IgualdadAlicia Bárcena
Compacts make it politically feasible to chart a new
path of growth and structural change to ensure progressive and sustainable steps towards greater
equality based on participatory and democratic methods, thus avoiding volunteerism and the
expression of good intentions.
Need to construct a long-term vision and a broad-based participatory process
