TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA - Irish Pain...
Transcript of TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA - Irish Pain...
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
Dr J Keaveny BEUAMONT HOSPITAL
SPORTS SURGERY CLINIC
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
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PAIN Sensory and emotional
experience with or without physical damage or the potential
for such damage
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PAIN
• PHYSICAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL/SOCAL
PHYSICAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL
SOCIAL
PAIN
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Facial Pain
regular attendee at pain clinic
PHN BURNING
TGN SHOOTING
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Facial Pain
regular attendee at pain clinic
CONSTANT INTERMITTENT
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Causes of Facial Pain
• Sinus • Nose • Ear • Mastoid • Teeth • Soft Tissue Infection
• Neurological • Parotid • Eye • Headaches • Tumours • Bone • Atypical Facial Pain
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Facial Pain Musculoskeletal Origin
• TMJ Disorders • Myofascial Pain Syndromes • Bony Lesions:
infection/trauma/degeneration • Metastatic lesions
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Atypical Facial Pain
• Constant Pain • Rarely pain-free • Burning • Entire face • Paraesthesia • No trigger points • non-tender • 30years old • Female 75-90%
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
• SHARP SHOOTING PAIN • VERY SEVERE • FEW SECONDS to MINUTES • PAINFREE INTERVALS • NO NUMBNESS • TRIGGERS
– HOT/COLD/TOUCH/WIND/EATING/TALKING
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
• ALL DIVISIONS • 1 1% • 2 17% • 3 15% • 1 & 2 16% • 2 & 3 42% • 1, 2 & 3 9%
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
• UNCOMMON • CAUSE RARELY FOUND
– VASCULAR – MS – METASTATIC DISEASE
• MAINLY FEMALE 65% • OVER 40s median 57yrs
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
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Trigeminal Neuralgia
• Jannetta – Mechanical compression TGN in Pons – Cross compression by major artery
• superior cerebellar • posterior inferior cerebellar • vertebral • anterior inferior cerebellar
– Vein – AVM or Tumor
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Trigeminal Neuralgia
• 16th century stone carvings • Johannes Bausch 1672 • Andre “tic doloureux” 1756 • Fothergill 1773
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Trigeminal Neuralgia
• Poor early medical therapies – trichloroethylene 1920s
• Surgical procerdures early 18th century • Bell & Magendie early 19th
– anatomy & functions 5th & 7th nerves
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Trigeminal Neuralgia
• Mears 1884 – surgery gasserian gnaglion
• Sir Victor Horsley 1891 – Subtemporal retrobasserian neurectomy
• Fraser 1901 – Suboccipital retrogasserian neurectomy
• Sjoqvist 1937 – Trigeminal medullary tractotomy
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Trigeminal Neuralgia
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Trigeminal Neuralgia INVESTIGATIONS
• MRI • MR ANGIOGRAPHY
• IF OTHER SYMPTOMS or < 40 yrs FULL
NEUROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA TREATMENTS
• MEDICAL – 70% successful
• NERVE BLOCKS • PERCUTANEOUS LESIONS • SURGERY • PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT
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TRIGEMINALNEURALGIA MEDICAL TREATMENT
• ANTICONVULSANTS – Na channel blockers – Ca channel blockers
• ANTISPASMODICS • ANTIDEPRESSANTS
– Tricyclics • OPIATES
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Trigeminal Neuralgia
• Carbamazepine • Gabapentin • Pregablin • Lamotrigine • Clonazepam • Oxcarbazepine • Topiramate
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MEDICATIONS TGN
• AMITRIPTYLINE • DULOXETINE • VALAFAXINE • FLUOXETINE
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Anticonvulsants
• Somnolence • Dizziness • Fatigue/tiredness • GI upset • Ataxia • Skin rash • Weight gain
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA NERVE BLOCKS
• SUPRA-ORBITAL 6% phenol 1-2cc • INFRA-ORBITAL 6% phenol 1-2cc
• MAXILLARY • GASSERIAN GANGLION BLOCK
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA SURGERY
• MICROVASCULAR DECOMPRESSION • PARTIAL TRIGEMINAL RHIZOTOMY
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA PERCUTANEOUS TECHNIQUES
• RADIOFREQUENCY RHIZOTOMY • GLYCEROL RHIZOTOMY • BALLOON COMPRESSION • GAMMA KNIFE RADIATION • CYBER KNIFE • PROTON BEAM THERAPY
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Rf Lesioning D Buggy et al
• PAIN DISTRIBUTION • Mandibular 35% • Maxillary 28% • Ophthalmic 1% • Mand & Max 22% • Ophth & Max 13% • All divisions 1%
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RF Lesioning D Buggy et al
• COMPLICATIONS • None 77% • Corneal Reflex damage 10% • Facial Dyseasthesia 8% • Minor oral bleeding 2% • Masseter malocclusion 2% • Retro-orbital bleed 0.67%
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Review of RF lesioning
• Brisman Moraci Beaumont Zak
• No 157 607 150 265 • %female 60.5% 62% 61% 60% • %right 58% 55% 52% 59% • Age 64% 65% 67% 54% • Duration 7.2ys 5ys 6.5ys n/a • %success 97% 96% 97% 99% • Recurrence 24% 16% 15%
50% • Relief 1.6ys 2.5ys 1.9ys 2ys
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TRIGEMINAL ABLATION
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TRIGEMINAL ABLATION
• 70* X 90 SECONDS X 2 • EACH DIVISION
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TRIGEMINAL NEUROPATHY ATYPICAL FACIAL PAIN
• Constant Pain • Rarely pain-free • Burning • Entire face • Paraesthesia • No trigger points • non-tender • 30years old • Female 75-90%
Cause unknown Associated conditions fibromyalgia headaches backpain dysmenorrhia
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ATYPICAL FACIAL PAIN TREATMENT
• ASSESSMENT • MINIMAL INVESTIGATIONS • ANTI-DEPRESSANTS
• TRICYCLICS
• PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT • SYMPATHETIC GANGLION BLOCKS
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SUNCT
• SHORT LASTING • UNILATERAL • NEURALGIFORM HEADACHE • CONJUNCTIVAL INJECTION • TEARING
• ORBITAL/SUPRAORBITAL/TEMPORAL
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SUNCT
• STABBING PAIN • 5-240 SECS • 3-200 ATTACKS/DAY
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SUNA
• SHORT LASTING • UNILATERAL • NEURALGIFORM HEADACHE • CRANIAL AUTONOMIC FEATURE
– NASAL CONGESTION – RHINORRHOEA – EYELID OEDEMA
• ORBITAL/SUPRAORBITAL/TEMPORAL
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SUNA
• STABBING • LAST 2-10 MINS
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ATYPICAL FACIAL PAIN TREATMENT
• ASSESSMENT • MINIMAL INVESTIGATIONS • ANTI-DEPRESSANTS
• TRICYCLICS
• PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT • SYMPATHETIC GANGLION BLOCKS
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POST HERPETIC HEURALGIA
• COMMON • CAN BE DEBILITATING/SUICIDAL • ANTIVIRAL AGENTS EARLY
– synthetic purine analogues – inhibit activity against human herpes
viruses • NEUROGENIC PAIN
• TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS • ANTICONVULSANTS • ?CAPSACIN • SYMPATHETIC GANGLION INJECTIONS