Trichomonas
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Transcript of Trichomonas
Trichomonas
TexonomyTexonomy
Kingdom Protista Kingdom Protista Phylum Phylum Protozoa Protozoa Subphylum Subphylum Sarcomastigophora Sarcomastigophora Class Mastigophora Class Mastigophora
Genera TrichomonasGenera Trichomonas
Species Species T.feotus T.feotus
T.vaginalisT.vaginalis
T.gallinaeT.gallinae
General characteristicsGeneral characteristics Imp. Pathogen in cattle(host)Imp. Pathogen in cattle(host) Present in reproductive tract & on the Present in reproductive tract & on the
surface of the bull’s penis & prepucesurface of the bull’s penis & prepuce Prevelence was all over the world but now Prevelence was all over the world but now
decreasing due to AIdecreasing due to AI Transmitted to cows during coitusTransmitted to cows during coitus Most cows self-cure after developing Most cows self-cure after developing
immunity.immunity. Bulls however are permanent carriers and Bulls however are permanent carriers and
sources of infectionsources of infection
StructureStructure Pear shapedPear shaped Size 20 x 10 micron meterSize 20 x 10 micron meter 3 free flagella 3 free flagella anterioranterior (total 4) (total 4) 1 makes the undulating memberane1 makes the undulating memberane Microtubules forms tube like axostyle which forms Microtubules forms tube like axostyle which forms
the skeleton & gives shapethe skeleton & gives shape Axostyle which run from the nucleus down the Axostyle which run from the nucleus down the
center of the body and extend from the end of center of the body and extend from the end of the body.the body.
Possess an undulating membrane extend the Possess an undulating membrane extend the entire length entire length
Single nucleus is also presentSingle nucleus is also present Shows jerky movement in the fresh Shows jerky movement in the fresh
discharge of bull & cow due to the discharge of bull & cow due to the flagella and undulating memberaneflagella and undulating memberane
Type:Type: Mucosoflagellated Protozoa Mucosoflagellated Protozoa This is a parasite of the reproductive This is a parasite of the reproductive
tract of bovines.tract of bovines. The parasite is transmitted by coitusThe parasite is transmitted by coitus
Trichomonas foetusTrichomonas foetus
You are not responsible for this parasite!
Sign and Sign and symptoms:symptoms:
IN BULLIN BULL The severity of the disease varies from The severity of the disease varies from
mild to severmild to sever Asymptomatic in bullAsymptomatic in bull Inflammed prepuceInflammed prepuce IN FEMALEIN FEMALE Low grade inflammationLow grade inflammation SeveritySeverity Poor conception rate Poor conception rate
Pathogenesis:Pathogenesis:
Early abortion occurs 1 to 16 weeks Early abortion occurs 1 to 16 weeks after fertilization. If the fetus and all after fertilization. If the fetus and all the fetal membranes are not excreted the fetal membranes are not excreted from the cow, the cow may die or from the cow, the cow may die or become sterile. If the fetus and the become sterile. If the fetus and the membranes are passed the cow may membranes are passed the cow may become immune to the parasitebecome immune to the parasite
Bulls serve as the carries. The parasite Bulls serve as the carries. The parasite can even survive in frozen semen.can even survive in frozen semen.
LIFE CYCLELIFE CYCLE Direct: Cattle become infected by direct Direct: Cattle become infected by direct
contact with the trophozoite stage during contact with the trophozoite stage during coituscoitus
cysts are not formedcysts are not formed Transmission may also occur during Transmission may also occur during
artificial inseminationartificial insemination Trophozoites multiply by asexual binary Trophozoites multiply by asexual binary
fissionfission Uterine discharge, irregular estrus cycles, Uterine discharge, irregular estrus cycles,
and permanent sterility can resultand permanent sterility can result
Cont....Cont.... If bull is infected with trichomonas, animal If bull is infected with trichomonas, animal
remain infected for whole liferemain infected for whole life These are present in the perpitual cavityThese are present in the perpitual cavity The pathogenic lesions that are associated The pathogenic lesions that are associated
with small vacuoles in the perpitual cavity with small vacuoles in the perpitual cavity They are transmitted from bull to cow by coitusThey are transmitted from bull to cow by coitus They move from vagina to uterusThey move from vagina to uterus When it is in uterus it causes LOW GRADE When it is in uterus it causes LOW GRADE
ENDOMATRITISENDOMATRITIS(heamorhage in uterus or (heamorhage in uterus or endometrium inflammation)endometrium inflammation)
If animal is pragnant abortion may occureIf animal is pragnant abortion may occure In cow-abortion before 4In cow-abortion before 4thth month otherwise cow month otherwise cow
normally recovered normally recovered The featel memberane retained & it causes The featel memberane retained & it causes
ENDOMETRITIS which disturbs the normal cycle ENDOMETRITIS which disturbs the normal cycle due to persistant discharge bcz cow remains in due to persistant discharge bcz cow remains in an esterus phase,cervix remains closed when an esterus phase,cervix remains closed when excessive virulent discharge from the female excessive virulent discharge from the female repr.tract due to T.featusrepr.tract due to T.featus
PYOMETRAPYOMETRA (pus in uterus) or it is (pus in uterus) or it is infection in uterusinfection in uterus
DiagnosisDiagnosis
Diagnosis is based on microscopic Diagnosis is based on microscopic evaluation of the trophozoite stageevaluation of the trophozoite stage
A positive diagnosis of bovine A positive diagnosis of bovine trichomoniasis requires the isolation trichomoniasis requires the isolation of trophozoites 10-15 microns long of trophozoites 10-15 microns long with 3 anterior flagella and a trailing with 3 anterior flagella and a trailing flagellum, seen by microscopic flagellum, seen by microscopic examination of vaginal mucus or examination of vaginal mucus or saline washings of preputial or fetal saline washings of preputial or fetal tissuestissues
Cont....Cont....
DischargeDischarge Serological use(Mucus agglutination Serological use(Mucus agglutination
test)test) SmearsSmears Culture remainsCulture remains
Treatment and ControlTreatment and Control By using AI(artificial insemination) By using AI(artificial insemination)
techniquetechnique Anti-protozool drugAnti-protozool drug No treatment for cows(autoimmune)No treatment for cows(autoimmune) Bulls can be treated, but the Bulls can be treated, but the
antitrichomonal salves used to treat,it antitrichomonal salves used to treat,it takes a lot of time and is expensivetakes a lot of time and is expensive
To control this parasite bulls that are To control this parasite bulls that are infected should not be put with a herd of infected should not be put with a herd of cowscows
Cont...Cont...
Infected bulls should be slaughtered, Infected bulls should be slaughtered, if not valuableif not valuable
Wash uterus with iodine solution with Wash uterus with iodine solution with antibodies for desiring of next antibodies for desiring of next parturationparturation