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1 Book Review 1

Trichinellosis. C. E. Tanner (editor). Madrid: CSIC l%&~~lcxw+507 pp. Price not stated. ISBN

This is a nublication of 84 papers presented at the meeting of the Seventh Inte~ationalCornmission on Trichinellosis in Suain in 1988. It is remarkable in that it shows an ever increasing interest in a parasitic disease which has been controlled in, or even elimin- ated from, many of the countries which were repre- sented at the meeting of the First International Commission on Trichinellosis in Warsaw in 1960. It is a tribute to the original Polish initiative and the continuing collaboration of basic scientists, medical and veterinary practitioners and public health work- ers throughout the world. Trichinella was discovered by Paget in 1835 and trichinellosis (or the more generally recognized name trichinosis) was the first generalized infection of man in which the aetiological agent was recognized. The classical studies by Zenk- er, Virchow and Leuckart, as long ago as 1859, on the chnical features, diagnosis, mode of transmission and life cycle led to practical methods of control. The ease with which this parasite can be maintained in laboratory animals led to the earliest studies on parasitic immunity and to the production of the first effective larval vaccine by Gould and his colleagues in 1955. Since that time Trichinello has become a favourite laboratorv model for studving the basic biochemistry and physiology of nematodes and for dissectine the immune resnonse. With the discoverv of the widespread distribution of the parasite in carnivores in the Arctic and Africa, together with the demonstration that parasites from these regions dif- fered from T. spiralis in being of very low infectivity to rodents and domestic pigs, there has been an increased interest in the epidemiology of the disease. There have also been numerous studies using genetic, biochemical and immunological techniques to sepa- rate the various species and strains of the parasites.

The proceedings of the conference reported in this

book cover all aspects of recent research on Trichinella. There were sessions at the meeting on the following tonics: (i) phvsiologv, biochemistry and molecul& biology, ‘with reports-on the cryopreserva- tion of larvae and the clonina of narasitic DNA and RNA; (ii) host-parasite relati&&ps, with papers on the balance between parasite immunogenicity and host immune response and also studies on migrating larvae; (iii) parasite genetics and speciation,-which deals with taxonomy using biochemical and biological characteristics to argue that T. spiralis, T. pseudospir- alis. T. nelsoni and T. nativa are valid swcies and that there may be other distinct forms (a-welcome sign showing that hehninthologists are at last following in the footsteps of entomologists and protozoologists, who have long recognized the great value of disting- uishing sibling species); (iv) experimental immunolo- gy, a session which reflects the increasing interest in dissecting all aspects of the immune response; (v) applied immunology, with emphasis on the advances in immunodiagnosis which have made it possible to screen large numbers of pigs in the abattoir and also their application in diagnosis of the infection in man; (vi) experimental pathology, with accounts of trichi- nosis in horses, doas. ferrets, monkevs and rodents; (vii) clinical pathok&, which includes reports on the disease in man in outbreaks in Swain. Italv. France and Poland; (viii) transmission in experimental anim- als-here the horse is given prominence because it was the source of outbreaks in man in France and Italy; (ix) transmission in wild animals with reports from Yuzoslavia. Germanv and Swain: Cx) Dublic health, a” short ‘section reflecting a the’ widespread control of transmission from pigs to man; and (xi) chemotherapv, also a short section but with an _ _ . interesting account of the inefficacy of ivermectin in experimentally infected animals and the efficacy of luxabendazole and oxfendazole.

This book. like its oredecessors. will be of value to anyone working with Trichinella as-a laboratory model but it will also be of interest to oarasitoloaists who will find that rapid progress is being made inunderstand- ing the behaviour of nematodes by using Trichinella as a model. George Nelson