Agenda – 11/9

• Present projects for extra credit! Only need to present one thing

• Lecture: Korea, Vietnam, Japan

• Homework:

• Keep working on that guided reading packet! It’s due MONDAY, Nov 19th. Your pink sheet extra credit is due FRIDAY, Nov 16th.

Essays • Hand back essays – 15/15 for completion

• On latest quiz: A=+10, B=+8, C=+6, D=+4, F=+2

• Key takeaways:

• Be specific when possible! Vocab words!

• Don’t say “trade” when you can say “Trans-Saharan trade” or “Indian Ocean trade”

• Or “cities” and “empires” – “Timbuktu” and “Delhi Sultanate”

• Use the evidence to prove your argument (your thesis)

• If you’re talking about effects of the Golden Age of Islam, don’t just list things that were developed. What effects did those things have on the world?

• Explain the how and why – don’t make me assume it

CHINA AND THE WORLDCHINESE INFLUENCE ON:

KOREA, VIETNAM, AND JAPAN

“Middle Kingdom”

• “Middle Kingdom” – China’s the center of the world

• China’s “duty” to enlighten and civilize the nomads • Must kowtow to trade

• EXCEPT : Xiongnu, powerful nomads that the Chinese gave money and gifts to

• But, pastoral nomads control the Silk Roads • China trades with nomads: silk for furs, horses, etc

TRIBUTARY STATE: KOREA

• Silla Dynasty (668 –935) in Korea• Long-time trading partners with China

• silk, tea, books, and silver goods from China for Silla’s gold, horses, ginseng, hides

• As a result, Chinese influence on Korean culture pervasive

• Tang court customs followed, students sent to China for study, massive military aid from China

• Elites adopted Neo-Confucianism, lower class adopted Buddhism – why?

TRIBUTARY STATE: KOREA

• Silla Dynasty (668 –935) in Korea• Silla allied with Tang to overthrow

two other kingdoms• Ruled as a tribute state to China, but

highly independent

• Song replaced Tang; conquered Silla and ruled until 1392

TRIBUTARY STATE: VIETNAM

• Vietnam under Chinese rule from 111 BCE to 983 CE• As a result, Vietnam adopted

Chinese agriculture, schooling, education

• Elites sent sons to learn in China and adopted Chinese customs; lower class didn’t

• Differences:

• Few cities; dominated by agricultural villages

• Women important – could own land, business, were leaders

Vietnamese resistance

• The Trung Sisters (40-43 CE)

• Peasants resisted Chinese rule

• Began 1000 year struggle for independence

• All the while – tribute state to China

• Assert independence when Tang falls in 983 CE

TRIBUTARY STATE: JAPAN

• Unlike Korea and Vietnam, Japan was physically separated from China• Adopted Confucianism and

Buddhism

• But maintained local belief, Shintoism

EARLY POLITICAL STRUCTURE

• Clan-based political ties

• Due to geography!

• Mimic Tang during the 700s and set up an imperial court

• Built new capital that resembled Chang’an

• Created a Constitution influenced by Confucianism and Buddhism

• Effective bureaucracy

HEIAN JAPAN (794-1185 CE)

• Japanese emperor moved capital to Heian (Kyoto)

• Emperor as figurehead; lives in “splendid isolation”

• Real power in hands of Fujiwara clan

• Common continuity in Japanese history: weak emperor, power behind the throne

• Like …?

LITERATURE AND ARTS• Influence of kanji characters

• Classic curriculum dominated by Chinese

• Development of syllabic alphabet

• Tale of Genji

• Written by a woman!!

• A story of love and intrigue in the imperial court

• Poetry flourished

HEIAN PERIOD

• Slow move away from Chinese models in religion, government, and arts

• Japan develops its own identity

• Court life becomes highly sophisticated

JAPAN

• Decline of Heian Japan (794-1185 CE)• Rivalry between nobility and wealthy

landowners• Civil war between Taira and

Minamoto clans in 12th century• Clans fight for power Minamoto clan

victorious, becomes shogun

INSTITUTION OF THE SHOGUN

• Minamoto leader named shogun in 1185 CE

• Shogun = military commander; de facto leader of the country

• Bakufu = military government

• This leads to a period of decentralization – power moves away from one person and into the hands of warlords known as daimyos

• Personal armies

• Samurai = “one who serves”• Professional warriors

Land and social organization = feudalism“Feudal Japan”

Shogun

Daimyo Daimyo

Samurai Samurai Samurai

Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant

Land - Shoen

Land - Shoen

Protection

Loyalty

Loyalty

Food

FEUDAL JAPAN

• A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service

JAPAN

SAMURAI

• Warrior code

• Valued honor and courage above all

• Seppuku (also referred to as hari kari) = ritual suicide

• Considered the only way to maintain honor in defeat

RECAP• China was and is the dominant force in Asia• Sui – built Grand Canal• Tang – cultural revolution• Song – economic revolution

• China’s relationship with nearby states:• Korea:

• Political submission and cultural dependence

• Vietnam:• Conquest and control for 1000 years

• Japan:• Escaped direct rule, but influenced by Chinese – still

created own cultural identity during Heian • Feudalism, just like Western Europe in the

Postclassical Era